38
Views
29
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Studies on the Mechanisms of Glucocorticoid Hypertension in Humans

Pages 24-32 | Received 13 Oct 1993, Accepted 11 Nov 1993, Published online: 08 Jul 2009

References

  • Gold E M. The Cushing syndromes: changing views of diagnosis and treatment. Ann Intern Med 1979; 90: 829–44
  • Bertagna X. New causes of Cushing's syndrome. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1024–5
  • Armbruster H, Vetter W, Reck G, et al. Severe arterial hypertension caused by chronic abuse of a topical mineralocorticoid. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1975; 12: 170–3
  • O'Sullivan M M, Rumfeld W R, Jones M K, Williams B D. Cushing's syndrome with suppression of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis after intra-articular steroid injections. Ann Rheum Dis 1985; 44: 561–3
  • Smals A G, Kloppenborg P W, Njo K T, et al. Alcohol-induced Cushingoid syndrome. BMJ 1979; 2: 1–98
  • Sugihara N, Shimizu M, Kita Y, et al. Cardiac characteristics and post-operative course in Cushing's syndrome. Am J Cardiol 1992; 69: 1475–80
  • Plotz C, Knowlten A, Ragan C. The natural history of Cushing's syndrome. Am J Med 1952; 13: 597–614
  • Ross E J, Linch D C. Cushing's syndrome—killing disease. Discriminatory value of signs and symptoms aiding early diagnosis. Lancet 1982; ii: 646–9
  • Scoggins B A, Whitworth J A. Hypertension in Cushing's syndrome. Diseases of the kidney. 5th Ed, R W Schrier, C W Gottschalk. Little Brown & Co., Boston 1993; 1541–53
  • Whitworth J A. Cushing's syndrome and hypertension. The Textbook of hypertension, J Swales. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1994, (in press)
  • Whitworth J A, Gordon D, Andrews J, Scoggins B A. The hypertensive effect of synthetic glucocorticoids in man: Role of sodium and volume. J Hypertens 1989; 7: 537–49
  • Connell J MC, Whitworth J A, Davies D L, Lever A F, Richards A M, Fraser R. Effects of ACTH and Cortisol administration on blood pressure, electrolyte metabolism, atrial natriuretic peptide and renal function in normal man. J Hypertens 1987; 5: 425–33
  • Whitworth J A, Scoggins B A, Andrews J, Williamson P M, Brown M A. Haemodynamic and metabolic effects of short term administration of synthetic sex steroids in humans. Clin Exp Hypertens [A] 1992; 5: 905–22
  • Whitworth J A, Saines D, Scoggins B A. Blood pressure and metabolic effects of Cortisol and deoxycorticosterone in man. Clin Exp Hypertens [A] 1984; 6: 795–809
  • Pirpiris M, Yeung S, Dewar E, Jennings G L, Whitworth J A. Hydrocortisone-induced hypertension in men: the role of cardiac output. Am J Hypertens 1993; 6: 287–94
  • Connell J MC, Whitworth J A, Inglis G C, Kenyon C J, Lever A F, Fraser R. Changes in body electrolytes, renal function, blood pressure and pressor responsiveness during development of ACTH and Cortisol excess in man. Corticosteroids and peptide hormones in hypertension, F Mantero, P Vescei, New York 1987; Vol. 39: 179–90, Serono Symposium
  • Suzuki H, Shibata H, Muramaki M, Nakamoto H, Kondo K, Saruta T. Case report: hypertension in Cushing's syndrome. Am J Med Sci 1992; 303: 329–32
  • Soszynski P, Slowinska-Srzednicka J, Kasberlik-Zaluska A, Zgliczynski S. Endogenous natriuretic factors: atrial natriuretic hormone and digitalis-like substance in Cushing's syndrome. J Endocrinol 1991; 129: 453–8
  • Whitworth J A, Saines D, Thatcher R, Butkus A, Scoggins B A. Blood pressure and metabolic effects of ACTH in normotensive and hypertensive man. Clin Exp Hypertens [A] 1983; 5: 501–22
  • Schalekamp M ADH, Wenting G J, ManIn't Veld A J. Pathogenesis of mineralocorticoid hypertension. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1981; 10: 397
  • Coleman T G, Granger H J, Guyton A C. Whole body circulatory auto-regulation and hypertension. Circ Res 1971; 28: 76–87
  • Whitworth J A, Butkus A, Coghlan J P, Denton D A, Mills E H, Spence C D, Scoggins B A. 9α-flurocortisol-induced hypertension: a review. J Hypertens 1986; 4: 133–9
  • Pirpiris M, Sudhir K, Yeung S, Jennings G L, Whitworth J A. Pressor responsiveness in corticosteroid-induced hypertension in humans. Hypertension 1992; 19: 567–74
  • Haack D, Mohring J, Mohring B, Petri M, Hackenthal E. Comparative study on development of corticosterone and DOCA-hypertension in rats. Am J Physiol 1977; 233: F403
  • Schmid P G, Eckstein J W, Abboud F M. Effect of 9α-flurohydrocortisone on forearm vascular responses to norepinephrine. Circulation 1966; 34: 620–5
  • Schmid P G, Eckstein J W, Abboud F M. Comparison of effects of deoxycorticosterone and dexamethasone on cardiovascular responses to norepinephrine. Circulation 1967; 46: 590–8
  • Mendlowitz M, Naftchi N, Weinreb H L, Gitlow S E. Effect of prednisolone on the digital vascular reactivity in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. J Appl Physiol 1961; 16: 89–94
  • Mendlowitz M, Gitlow S E, Naftchi N. Work of digital vasoconstriction produced by infused norepinephrine in Cushing's syndrome. J Appl Physiol 1958; 13: 252–6
  • Saruta T, Suzuki H, Handa M, Igarashi Y, Kondo K, Senba S. Multiple factors contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986; 62: 275–9
  • Whitworth J A, Connell J MC, Lever A F, Fraser R. Pressor responsiveness in steroid induced hypertension in man. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1986; 13: 353–8
  • Whitworth J A, Connell J MC, Gordon D, Scoggins B A. Effects of indomethacin on steroid induced changes in pressor responsiveness in man. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1988; 15: 305–10
  • Sudhir K, Jennings G L, Esler M D, et al. Hydrocortisone-induced hypertension in man: Pressor responsiveness and sympathetic function. Hypertension 1989; 13: 416–21
  • Rascher W, Dietz R, Schomig A, Burkart G, Luth J B, Mann J FE, Weber J. Modulation of sympathetic vascular tone by prostaglandins in corticosterone induced hypertension in rats. Clin Sci 1979; 57: S235–7
  • Axelrod L. Inhibition of prostacyclin production mediates permissive effect of glucocorticoids on vascular tone. Lancet 1983; i: 904–6
  • Nakamura K, Gerald M, Thoenen H. Experimental hypertension of the rat: Reciprocal changes of norepinephrine turnover in heart and brain. Naunyn Schmiede-bergs Arch Pharmacol 1971; 268: 125–39
  • De Champlain J, Van Ameringan M R. Regulation of blood pressure by sympathetic nerve fibres in adrenal medulla in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Circ Res 1972; 31: 617–24
  • Li M, Whitworth J A. Role of the sympathetic nervous system in the onset of hypertension in the rat: The effect of 6-OH-dopamine. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1991; 18: 197–204
  • Ritchie C M, Sheridan B, Fraser R, et al. Studies on the pathogenesis of hypertension in Cushing's disease and acromegaly. Q J Med 1990; 280: 855–67
  • Tenscher T W, Baumgart B, Greminger P, Vetter W, Vetter H. Pathogenetic aspects of hypertension in Cushing's syndrome. Cardiology 1985; 72: 184–90
  • Morris M J, Russell A E, Kapoor V, Cain M D, Elliott J M, West M J, Wing L MH, Chalmers J P. Increases in plasma neuropeptide Y concentrations during sympathetic activation in man. J Auton Nerv Syst 1986; 17: 143–9
  • Moreau P, de Champlain J, Yamaguchi N. Alterations in circulating levels and cardiovascular tissue content of neuropeptide Y-like immunoreactivity during the development of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension in the rat. J Hypertens 1992; 10: 773–80
  • Whitworth J A, Williamson P M, Brown M A, Morris M J. Neuropeptide Y in Cortisol induced hypertension in man, (Submitted)
  • Fekete M I, Paldi-Haris P, Kenessey A, Graf L, Kanyieska B, Simonyi A. Effects of prolonged dexamethasone and ACTH treatment on the trypsin like and PNMT activity in the adrenals of the rat. Proceedings of the 8th International Congress of Pharmacology. 1981; 300
  • Waeber B, Gavras H, Bresnaham M R, Gavras I, Brunner H R. Role of vasoconstrictor systems in experimental glucocorticoid hypertension in rats. Clin Sci 1983; 65: 255–61
  • Majewski H, Rand M J. Adrenaline mediated hypertension—a clue to the anti-hypertensive effect of β-adrenore-ceptor blocking drugs?. Trends Pharmacol Sci 1981; 2: 24
  • Li M, Birchall I, Kincaid-Smith P, Whitworth J A. Role of the renal medulla in adrenocorticotrophin-induced hypertension in rats. J Hypertens 1992; 10: 1129–36
  • Rees D D, Palmer R MJ, Moncada S. Role of endothelium derived nitric oxide in the regulation of blood pressure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1989; 86: 3375–8
  • Li M, Dusting G J, Whitworth J A. Inhibition of NO synthesis has an additive effect on hypertension induced by ACTH in conscious rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1992; 19: 675–81
  • Yamaji T, Ishibashi M, Yamada A, Takaku F, Itabashi A, Katayama S, Ishi I J, Takami M, Fukushima T. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic hormone in Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67: 348–52
  • Krakoff L R, Selvadurai R, Sutter E. Effect of methyl-prednisolone upon arterial pressure in the renin-angiotensin system in the rat. Am J Physiol 1975; 228: 613–7
  • Okuno T, Suzuki H, Saruta T. Dexamethasone hypertension in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens [A] 1981; 3: 1075–86
  • Elijovich F, Krakoff L R. Mechanism of the response to captopril in glucocorticoid hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens [A] 1982; 4: 1795–814
  • Kohlmann O, Marson O, Ramos O, Ribeiro A. Effect of captopril on glucocorticoid excess hypertension. Clin Res 1980; 28: 333A
  • Dalakos T G, Elias A N, Anderson G H, Streeten D H, Schroeder E T. Evidence for an angiotensinogenic mechanism of the hypertension of Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1978; 46: 114–8
  • Vetter W, Vetter H, Beckerhoff R, Redlich B, Cottier P, Siegenthaler W. The effect of saralasin (1-SAR-8-ALA-angiotensin II) on blood pressure in patients with Cushing's syndrome. Klin Wochenschr 1976; 54: 661–3
  • Greminger P, Tenscher T TW, Vetter W, Luscher T, Vetter H. Hypertension in Cushing's syndrome. Endocrinology in hypertension, F Mantero, E G Biglieri, C RW Edwards. Academic Press, London, New York 1982; 103–10
  • Mohring J, Mohring B, Petri M, Haack D. Vasopressin role of ADH in the pathogenesis of malignant DOC hypertension. Am J Physiol 1972; 232: F260
  • Saito T, Yajima Y, Sato K. Evidence for the involvement of AVP in maintenance and development of hypertension in rats. Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Endocrinology. 1984; 24
  • Ramos-Frendo B, Eloy L, Grunfeld J-P. Methylpredni-solone induced hypertension in the rat: evidence against the role of plasma volume changes, vasopressin and renal prostaglandin E2. J Hypertens 1985; 3: 461–7
  • Whitworth J A, Hewitson T D, Cornwallis C. Corticotro-phin effects on blood pressure and fluid and electrolyte homeostasis in five strains of rats. Am J Hypertens 1992; 5: 302–13
  • Vane J. Endothelins come home to roost. Nature 1990; 348: 673
  • Huang L Q, Whitworth J A, Chesterman C N. Effects of cyclosporin A and dexamethasone on haemostatic and vasoactive functions of vascular endothelial cells, (Submitted)
  • Jones A W, Hart R G. Altered ion transport in aortic smooth muscle during DOCA hypertension in the rat. Circ Res 1975; 37: 333
  • Haddy F J, Overbeck H W. The role of humoral agents in volume expanded hypertension. Life Sci 1976; 19: 935
  • Charney A N, Silva P, Besarab A, Epstein F H. Separate effects of aldosterone, DOCA and methylprednisolone on renal Na-KATP-ase. Am J Physiol 1974; 227: 345–50
  • Pamnani M B, Clough D L, Haddy F J. Altered activity of the sodium potassium pump in arteries of rats with steroid hypertension. Clin Sci Molecular Med 1978; 55: 41S–3
  • Wambach G, Helber A, Allolio B, Winkelmann W, Kaufmann W. Increased activity of the Na-KATP-ase in red cell ghosts of patients with Cushing's syndrome: Possible significance of the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid induced hypertension. Klin Wochenschr 1980; 58: 485–7
  • Graham W F, Campbell D J, Coghlan J P, Denton D A, Humphrey T J, Scoggins B A, Weisinger R S. Changes in the relationship between cerebro-spinal fluid and blood composition produced by ACTH treatment in conscious sheep. Life Sci 1980; 26: 2265–71
  • Brody M J, Fink G D, Buggy J, Haywood J R, Gordon F J, Johnson A K. The role of anteroventral third ventricle region in experimental hypertension. Circ Res 1978; 43: 12–13
  • Buggy J, Fink G D, Johnson A K, Brody M J. Prevention of the development of renal hypertension by anteroventral third ventricular tissue lesions. Circ Res 1977; 40(5 Suppl 1)1110–7
  • Meneely G R, Dahl L K. Electrolytes in hypertension: The effects of sodium chloride. The evidence from animal and human studies. Med Clin North Am 1961; 45: 271–83
  • Fallis N, Lasagne L, Tetreault L. Gustatory thresholds in patients with hypertension. Nature 1962; 196: 74–5
  • Weisinger R S, Denton D A, McKinley M J, Nelson J F. ACTH induced sodium appetite in the rat. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1978; 8: 339–42
  • Weisinger R S, Coghlan J P, Denton D A, et al. ACTH induced sodium appetite in sheep. Am J Physiol 1980; 239: E45–50
  • Scoggins B A, Coghlan J P, Denton D A, Whitworth J A. ACTH dependent hypertension. Clin Exp Hypertens [A] 1984; 6: 599–646
  • Whitworth J A, Hewitson T D, Wilson R S, et al. ACTH hypertension in the rat: Haemodynamic, metabolic and morphologic characteristics. J Hypertens 1990; 8: 27–36
  • Wong K S, Williamson P M, Brown M A, Zammit V C, Denton D A, Whitworth J A. Effects of Cortisol on blood pressure and salt preference in normal humans. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1993; 20: 121–6
  • Blaustein M P. Sodium ions, calcium ions, blood pressure regulation and hypertension. Am J Physiol 1977; 232: C165–73
  • DeWardener H E, McGregor G A. Dahl's hypothesis that a saluretic substance may be responsible for a sustained rise in arterial pressure: Its possible role in essential hypertension. Kidney Int 1980; 18: 1–9
  • Hamlyn J M, Ringel R, Schaeffer J, et al. A circulating inhibitor of sodium potassium ATP-ase associated with essential hypertension. Nature 1982; 300: 650–2
  • Spence C D, Coghlan J P, Whitworth J A, Scoggins B A. Digoxin enhances the pressor response to aldosterone administration in conscious sheep. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1989; 16: 211–22
  • Garwitz E T, Jones A W. Aldosterone infusion into the rat and dose-dependent changes in blood pressure and arterial ionic transport. Hypertension 1982; 4: 374–381
  • Li M, Martin A, Liu D T, Whitworth J A. Digoxin amplifies the effects of DOCA in intact water drinking rats: implications for the mechanism of DOCA hypertension, (submitted)
  • Sowers J R, Khoury S, Standley P, Zemel P, Zemel M. Mechanisms of hypertension in diabetes. Am J Hypertens 1991; 4: 177–82
  • Whitworth J A, Williamson P M, Brown M A, Coleman P. Hyperinsulinaemia as a mechanism for Cortisol induced hypertension, (submitted)
  • Carretta R, Fabris B, Fischetti F, Costantini M, DeBiasi F, Muiesan S, Bardelli M, Vran F, Campanacci L. Reduction of blood pressure in obese, hyperinsulinemic, hypertensive patients during somatostatin infusion. J Hypertens 1989; 7: S196–7
  • Scoggins B A, Coghlan J P, Denton D A, Mills E H, Nelson M A, Spence C D, Whitworth J A. How do adrenocortical steroid hormones produce hypertension?. Clin Exp Hypertens [A] 1984; 6: 315–28
  • Scoggins B A, Butkus A, Coghlan J P, Denton D A, Fan J SK, Humphrey T J, Whitworth J A. Adrenocorticotro-phic hormone induced hypertension in sheep: A model for the study of the effect of steroid hormones on blood pressure. Circ Res 1978; 43: 176–81
  • Scoggins B A, Coghlan J P, Denton D A, Mason R T, Whitworth J A. A review of mechanisms involved in the production of steroid induced hypertension with particular reference to ACTH dependent hypertension. Endocrinology of hypertension, F Mantero, E G Biglieri, C RW Edwards. Academic Press, London and New York 1982; 41–67
  • Whitworth J A, Coghlan J P, Denton D A, Graham W F, Humphery T J, Scoggins B A. Comparison of the effects of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid infusions on blood pressure in sheep. Clin Exp Hypertens [A] 1979; 1: 649–63
  • Clore J N, Estep H, Ross-Clunis H, Watlington C O. Adrenocorticotrophin and Cortisol induced changes in urinary sodium and potassium excretion in man. Effects of spinolactone and RU-486. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1988; 67: 824–31
  • Coghlan J P, Denton D A, Mills E H, et al. Steroid antagonism of the hypertensinogenic activity of 9α-fluroprednisolone. Life Sci 1984; 35: 2609–12
  • Whitworth J A, Scoggins B A. A ‘hypertensinogenic’ class of steroid hormone activity in man?. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1990; 17: 163–6
  • Whitworth J A, Saines D, Thatcher R. Differential blood pressure and metabolic effects of 9α-flurocortisol in man. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1983; 10: 351–4

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.