6
Views
1
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Psychotropic and antinociceptive effects of antidepressants: Hypotheses regarding mode of action

Pages 73-81 | Published online: 12 Jul 2009

References

  • Modigh K. Antidepressants drugs in anxiety disorders. Acta Psychiatrica Scand 1987; 76: 57–71
  • Kahn R J, McNair D M, Frankenthaler LM. Tricyclic treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Aff Dis 1987; 13: 183–192
  • Gorman JM. Gorman J. Drug treatment of social phobia. J Affect Dis 1987; 13: 183–192
  • Zohar J, Insel TR. Drug treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Aff Disorders 1987; 13: 193–202
  • Walsh B T, Gladis M, Roose SP, et al. Phenezine vs placebo in 50 patients with bulimia. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1988; 45: 471–475
  • American Psychiatric Association. DSM-III-R (Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders). Third edition - Revised. Washington 1987
  • Eberhard G. Masked depression - History, diagnosis and delimitation. Nord Psykiatr Tidsskr 1989; 43: 20, 7–13, Suppl.
  • von Knorring L. The pathogenesis of chronic pain syndromes. Nord Psykiatr Tidsskr 1989; 43: 20, 35–41, Suppl.
  • Feinmann C. Pain relief by antidepressant. Possible modes of action. Pain 1985; 23: 1–8
  • Butler S. Present status of tricyclic antidepressant in chronic pain therapy. Advances in Pain Research and Therapy, C Benedetti, et al. Raven Press., New York 1988; 1: 173–197
  • Nilsson H L, von Knorring L. Review. Clomipramine in acute and chronic pain syndromes. Nord Psykiatr Tidsskr 1989; 43: 20, 99–111, Suppl.
  • Chaturvedi SK. Prevalence of chronic pain in psychiatric patients. Pain 1987; 29: 231–237
  • Anstee J. Animal pharmacological studies on the effect of imipramine on pain. Pharmaceut Med 1979; 1: 178–92
  • Carlsson A, Corrodi H, Fuxe K, Hökfelt T. Effect of antidepressant drugs on the depletion of intreneuronal brain 5-hydrecytryptamine stores caused by 4-methyl-a-ethyl-meta-tyramine. Eur J Pharmacol 1969; 5: 357–366
  • Bertilsson L, Åsberg M, Thoren P. Differential effects of chlorimipramine and nortriptyline on cerebrospinal fluid metabolites of serotonin and noradrenaline in depression. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1974; 7: 365–368
  • Ögren S O, Fuxe K, Agnati LF, et al. Reevaluation of the indoleamine hypothesis of depression. Evidence for a reduction of functional activity of central 5-HT systems by antidepressant drugs. J Neural Transm 1979; 46: 85–103
  • Tang S W, Seeamn P. Effect of antidepressant drugs on serotonergic and adrenergic receptors. Naunyn-Schmied Arch Pharmacol 1980; 311: 255–261
  • Modigh K. Effects of chlorimipramine and protriptyline on the hyperactivity induced by 5-hydroxytryptophan after peripheral decarboxylase inhibition in mice. J Neural Transm 1973; 34: 101–109
  • Jacobs BL. An animal behavior model for studying central serotonergic synapses. Life Sciences 1976; 19: 777–786
  • Arnt J, Hyttel J, Larsen J-J. The citalopram/5-HTP-induced head shake syndrome is correlated to 5-HT-2 receptor affinity and also influenced by other transmitters. Acta Pharmacol Toxicol 1984; 55: 363–372
  • Hyttel J. Citalopram - Pharmacological profile of a specific serotonin uptake inhibitor with antidepressant activity. Prog Neuropsychopharm Biol Psychiatry 1982; 6: 277–295
  • Laakmann G, Gugath M, Kuss H-J, Zygan K. Comparison on growth hormone and prolactin stimulation induced by chlorimipramine and des-imipramine in man in connection with chlorimipramine metabolism. Psychopharmacol 1984; 82: 62–67
  • Fuller R W, Wong DT. Serotonin reuptake blockers in vitro and in vivo. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987; 7: 36–43
  • Marsden C A, Conti J, Strope E, et al. Monitoring 5-hydroxytryptamine release in the brain of the freely moving unanesthetized rat using in vivo vol-tammetry. Brain Res 1979; 171: 85–99
  • Giam X-M, McBride WJ. Fluoxetine increases the extracellular levels of serotonin in the nucleus ac-cumbens. Brain Res Bull 1988; 21: 43–46
  • Åberg-Wistedt A. Comparison between zimelidine and desipramine in endogenous depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1982; 66: 129–138
  • Lingjaerde O, Bratfos O, Bratlid T, Haug JO. A double-blind comparison of zimelidine and desipramine in endogenous depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1983; 68: 22–30
  • Nyström C, Hällström T. Comparison between a serotonin and a noradrenaline reuptake blocker in the treatment of depressed outpatients. A crossover study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987; 75: 377–382
  • Schatzberg A F, Dessain E, O'Neil P, Katz L D, Cole J. Recent studies on selective serotonergic antidepressants: Trazodone, fluoxetine and fluvox-amine. J Clin Psychopharmacology 1987; 7: 44S–49S
  • Emrich H M, Berger M, Riemann D, von Zerssen D. Serotonin reuptake inhibition vs. norepinephrine reuptake inhibition A double-blind differential-therapeutic study with fluvoxamine and oxapro-tiline in endogenous and neurotic depressives. Pharmacopsychiat 1987; 20: 60–63
  • Timmermann L, de Beurs P, Tan B K, Leijsne-Ybema H, Sanchez C, Höpfner-Petersen H E, Cohen-Stuart MH. A double-blind comparative clinical trial of citalopram vs maprotiline in hospitalized depressed patients. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 1987; 2: 239–253
  • Thorén P, Åsberg M, Cronholm B, Jörnestedt L, Träskman L. Clomipramine treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder: I. A controlled clinical trial. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980; 37: 1281–1285
  • Gloger S, Grunhaus L, Gladic D, O'Ryan F, Cohen L, Codner S. Panic attacks and agoraphobia: Low dose clomipramine treatment. J Clin Psychopharmacology 1989; 9: 28–32
  • Den Boer J A, Westenberg H GM. Effect of a serotonin and a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor in panic disorder; a double blind comparative study with fluvoxamine and maprotiline. Int Clin Psychopharm. 1988; 3: 59–74
  • Anderson JL. Serotonin receptor changes after chronic antidepressant treatments: Ligand binding, electrophysiological, and behavioural studies. Life Sciences 1983; 32: 1791–1801
  • Willner P. Antidepressants and serotonergic neurotransmission: An integrative review. Psychopharmacology 1985; 85: 387–404
  • Blier P, De Montigny C, Chaput Y. Modifications of the serotonin system by antidepressant treatments: Implications of the therapeutic response in major depression. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1987; 7: 24S–35S
  • Peroutka S J, Snyder SH. Long-term antidepressant treatment decreases spiroperidol-labeled serotonin receptor binding. Science 1980; 210: 88–89
  • Stoltz J F, Marsden C A, Middlemiss DN. Effect of chronic antidepressant treatment and subsequent withdrawal on 3H-5-hydroxytryptamine and 3H-spiperone binding in rat frontal cortex and serotonin receptor medoated behaviour. Psychopharmacology 1983; 80: 150–155
  • Ögren S O, Fuxe K, Agnati L F, et al. Reevaluation of the indoleamine hypothesis of depression: Evidence for a reduction of functional activity of central 5-HT systems by antidepressant drugs. J Neural Transm 1979; 46: 85–103
  • de Montigny C, Aghajanian GK. Tricyclic antidepressants: Long-term treatment increases respon-sivity of forebrain neurons to serotonin. Science 1978; 202: 1303–1304
  • Jones R SG. Enhancement of 5-hydroxytrypamine-induced behavioral effects following chronic administration of antidepressant drugs. Psychopharmacol 1980; 69: 307–311
  • Stolz J F, Marsden CA. Withdrawal from chronic treatment with metergoline, dl-propranolol and amitriptyline enhances serotonin receptor mediated behaviour in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1982; 79: 17–22
  • Friedman E, Cooper T B, Dallob A. Effects on chronic antidepressant treatment on serotonin receptor activity in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 1983; 89: 69–6
  • Pawlowski L, Melzacka M. Inhibition of head twitch response to quipazine in rats by chronic amitriptyline but not fluvoxamine or citalpram. Psychopharmacology 1986; 88: 279–284
  • Goodwin G M, Green A R, Johnson P. 5-HT-2 receptor characteristics in frontal cortex and 5-HT-2 receptor-mediated head-twitch behaviour following antidepressant treatment to mice. Br J Pharmac 1984; 83: 235–242
  • Aulakh C S, Cohen R M, Hill J L, et al. Long-term imipramine treatment enhances locomotor and food intake suppressant effects of m-chlorophenyl-piperazine in rats. Br J Pharmacol 1987; 91: 747–752
  • Asakura M, Tsukamoto T, Kubota H, et al. Role of serotonin in the regulation of beta-adrenoceptors by antidepressants. Eur J Pharmacol 1987; 141: 95–100
  • Shopsin B, Gershon S, Goldstein M., et al. Use of synthesis inhibitors in defining a role for biogenic amines during imipramine treatment in depressed patients. Psychopharmacol Commun 1975; 1: 239–249
  • Wålinder J, Skott A, Carlsson A, et al. Potentiation of the antidepressant action of clomipramine by tryptophan. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1976; 33: 1384–1389
  • Thomson J, Rankin H, Ashcroft G W, et al. The treatment of depression in general practice: a comparison of L-tryptophan, amitriptyline. and a combination of L-tryptophan and amitriptyline with placebo. Psychological Medicine 1982; 12: 741–751
  • Byerley W F, Judd L L, Reimherr F W, Grosser BI. 5-Hydroxytryptophan: A review of its antidepressant efficacy and adverse effects. J Clinical Psychopharmacology 1987; 7: 127–137
  • Hoes M JA JM, Colla P, Folgering H. Hyperventilation syndrome, treatment with L-tryptophan and pyridoxine; predictive values of xanthurenic acid excretion. J Orthomol Psychiatry 1981; 10: 7–15
  • Kahn R S, Westenberg H GM, Verhoeven W MA, et al. Effect of a serotonin precursor and uptake inhibitor in anxiety disorders; a double-blind comparison of 5-hydroxytryptophan, clomipramine and placebo. Int Clin Psychopharm. 1987; 2: 33–45
  • Shopsin B, Friedman E, Gershon S. Parachlorophenylalanine reversal of tranylcypromine effects in depressed patients. Arch Gen Psychiatric 1976; 33: 811–819
  • Pericic D, Manev H. Behavioural evidence for simultaneous dual changes of 5-HT receptors: Mode of antidepressant action? Life Sciences 1988; 42: 2593–2601
  • Deakin J FW. 5-HT-2 Receptors, depression and anxiety. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1988; 29: 819–820
  • Svensson T H, Usdin T. Feedback inhibition of brain noradrenaline neurons by tricyclic antidepressants: alpha-receptor mediation. Science 1978; 202: 1089–1091
  • Snyder SH. Tricyclic antidepressant drug interactions with histamine and alpha-adrenergic receptors. Pharmakopsychiat. 1980; 13: 62–67
  • Sugrue MF. Current concepts of the mechanisms of action of antidepressant drugs. Pharmacol Ther 1981; 13: 219–247
  • Svensson TH. Mode of action of antidepressive agents and ECT-Adaptive changes after sub-chronic treatment. In: Dahlem Workshops Reports. Life Sciences Research Report 26. The origin of depression: Current concepts and approaches. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1983; 367–383
  • Kostowski W, Samanin R, Bareggi S R, Marc V, et al. Biochemical aspects of the interaction between midbrain raphe and locus coeruleus in rat. Brain Res 1974; 82: 178–182
  • Eison M S, Yocca F D, Gianutsos G. Noradrenergic denervation alters serotonin 2-mediated behaviour but not serotonin2 receptor number in rats: Modulatory role of beta adrenergic receptors. J Pharm Exp Ther 1988; 246: 571–577
  • Svensson T HS, Bunney B S, Aghajanian GK. Inhibition of both noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons in brain by the alpha-adrenergic agonist clonidine. Brain Research 1975; 92: 291–306
  • Ågren H, Koulu M, Saavedra J M, et al. Circadian covariation of norepinephrine and serotonin in the locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe nucleus in the rat. Brain Res 1986; 397: 353–358
  • Gromova EA. Monoaminergic brain systems and their role in the regulation of behaviour. Sov Sci Rev Physiol Gen Biol 1988; 2: 679–730
  • Gorea E, Adrien J. Serotonergic regulation of noradrenergic coerulean neurons. Eur J Pharm 1988; 154: 285–291
  • Jessell T. Pain. Neurotransmitters and CNS Disease. Lancet 1982; 1084–1087
  • Smith GC. The anatomy of pain. Handbook of chronic pain management., G D Burrows, D Elton, GV Stanley. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1987; 1: 1–5
  • Pain Modulation. Progress in Brain Research, H L Fields, J-M Besson. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1988; 77
  • Roberts M HT. Pharmacology of putative neurotransmitters and receptors: 5-hydroxytryptamine. Pain Modulation. Progress in Brain Research, H L Fields, J-M Besson. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1988; 77: 329–338
  • Messing R B, Wilcox GL. Non-opioid neurotransmitters in pain perception and analgesia. Handbook of chronic pain management., G D Burrows, D Elton, GV Stanley. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1987; 3: 19–32
  • Zemlan F P, Behbehani M M, Murphy RM. Serotonin receptor subtypes and the modulation of pain transmission. Pain Modulation. Progress in Brain Research, H L Fields, J-M Besson. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1988; 77: 349–355
  • Glaum S R, Proudfit H K, Anderson EG. Reversal of the antinociceptive effects of intrathecally administered serotonin in the rat by a selective 5-HT-3 receptor antagonist. Neurosci Lett 1988; 95: 313–317
  • Proudfit HK. Pharmacological evidence for the modulation of nociception by noradrenergic neurons. Pain Modulation. Progress in Brain Research, H L Fields, J-M Besson. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1988; 77: 357–370
  • Lee R L, Spencer P SJ, Sewell R DE. The effects of psychotropic drugs on morphine analgesia, dependence and abstinence in laboratory animals. Pharmaceut Med 1979; 1: 39–57
  • Sundequist U, Eberhard G, von Knorring L, et al. Clomipramine and maprotiline in the treatment of chronic idiopathic pain syndromes; A comparison and biological markers. Nord Psykiatr Tidsskr 1989; 43: 95–99, Suppl. 20
  • Lindsay P G, Olsen RB. Maprotiline in pain-depression. J Clin Psychiatry 1985; 46: 226–228
  • Hwang A, Wilcox GL. Analgesic properties of intrathecally administered heterocyclic antidepressants. Pain 1987; 28: 343–355
  • Kellstein D E, Malseed R T, Goldstein FJ. Opioid-monoamine interactions in spinal antinociception: evidence for serotonin but not norepinephrine reciprocity. Pain 1988; 34: 85–92
  • Del Carmen de Felipe M, De Ceballos M L, Fuentes JA. Hypoalgesia induced by antidepressants in mice: A case for opioids and serotonin. Eur J Pharm 1986; 125: 193–199
  • Michael-Titus A, Costentin J. Analgesic effects of metapramine and evidence against the involvement of endogenous enkephalins in the analgesia induced by tricyclic antidepressants. Pain 1987; 31: 391–400
  • Rosland J H, Hunskaar S, Hole K. Modification of the antinociceptive effect of morphine by acute and chronic administration of clomipramine in mice. Pain 1988; 33: 349–355
  • Fialip J, Marty H, Makambila M-C, et al. Pharmacokinetic patterns of repeated administration of antidepressants in animals. II. Their relevance in a study of the influence of clomipramine on morphine analgesia in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1989; 248: 747–751
  • Biegon A, Samuel D. Interaction of tricyclic antidepressants with opiate receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 1980; 29: 460–462

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.