References
- Peter Rossing MDD. Diabetic nephropathy: worldwide epidemic and effects of current treatment on natural history. Curr Diabetes Reports. 2006;6(6):479–483
- Futrakul N, Butthep P, Laohareungpanya N, Chaisuriya P, Ratanabanangkoon K. A defective angiogenesis in chronic kidney disease. Renal Fail. 2008;30(2):215–217
- Schrijvers BF, Flyvbjerg A, De Vriese AS. The role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in renal pathophysiology. Kidney Int. 2004;65(6):2003–2017
- Tsuchida K, Makita Z, Yamagishi S, et al. Suppression of transforming growth factor beta and vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic nephropathy in rats by a novel advanced glycation end product inhibitor, OPB-9195. Diabetologia. 1999;42(5):579–588
- De Vriese AS, Tilton RG, Elger M, Stephan CC, Kriz W, Lameire NH. Antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor improve early renal dysfunction in experimental diabetes. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001;12(5):993–1000
- Ho C, Hsu Y-C, Tseng C-C, Wang F-S, Lin CL, Wang JY. Simvastatin alleviates diabetes-induced VEGF-mediated nephropathy via the modulation of Ras signaling pathway. Renal Fail. 2008;30(5):557–565
- Xu L, Kanasaki K, Kitada M, Koya D. Diabetic angiopathy and angiogenic defects. Fibrogen Tissue Repair. 2012;5:13. doi: 10.1186/1755-1536-5-13
- Kong T, Westerman KA, Faigle M, Eltzschig HK, Colgan SP. HIF-dependent induction of adenosine A2B receptor in hypoxia. FASEB J. 2006;20(13):2242–2250
- Feoktistov I, Goldstein AE, Ryzhov S, et al. Differential expression of adenosine receptors in human endothelial cells role of A2B receptors in angiogenic factor regulation. Circ Res. 2002;90(5):531–538
- Valladares D, Quezada C, Montecinos P, et al. Adenosine A2B receptor mediates an increase on VEGF-A production in rat kidney glomeruli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;366(1):180–185
- Nakagawa T. Uncoupling of the VEGF-endothelial nitric oxide axis in diabetic nephropathy: an explanation for the paradoxical effects of VEGF in renal disease. Am J Physiol-Renal Physiol. 2007;292(6):F1665–F1672
- Palm F, Nordquist L, Wilcox CS, Hansell P. Oxidative Stress and Hypoxia in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Nephropathy. Studies on Renal Disorders. Springer; 2011:559–586
- Wu KK, Huan Y. Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Models in Mice and Rats. Current Protocols in Pharmacology. John Wiley and Sons; 2008:5.47.1–5.47.14
- Eisner C, Faulhaber-Walter R, Wang Y, et al. Major contribution of tubular secretion to creatinine clearance in mice. Kidney Int. 2009;77(6):519–526
- Rao AM, Dogan A, Hatcher J, Dempsey R. Fluorometric assay of nitrite and nitrate in brain tissue after traumatic brain injury and cerebral ischemia. Brain Res. 1998;793(1):265–270
- Kreckler LM, Wan TC, Ge Z-D, Auchampach JA. Adenosine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α release from mouse peritoneal macrophages via A2A and A2B but not the A3 adenosine receptor. J Pharmacol Exp Therapeut. 2006;317(1):172–180
- Liu J, Jha P, Lyzogubov VV, Tytarenko RG, Bora NS, Bora PS. Relationship between complement membrane attack complex, chemokine (CC motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) and vascular endothelial growth factor in mouse model of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization. J Biol Chem. 2011;286(23):20991–21001
- Cárdenas A, Toledo C, Oyarzún C, et al. Adenosine A2B receptor-mediated VEGF induction promotes diabetic glomerulopathy. Laboratory Invest. 2013;93:135–144
- Valladares D, Quezada C, Montecinos P, et al. Adenosine A2B receptor mediates an increase on VEGF-A production in rat kidney glomeruli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008;366(1):180–185
- Pawelczyk T, Grden M, Rzepko R, Sakowicz M, Szutowicz A. Region-specific alterations of adenosine receptors expression level in kidney of diabetic rat. Am J Pathol. 2005;167(2):315–325
- Roa H, Gajardo C, Troncoso E, et al. Adenosine mediates transforming growth factor-beta 1 release in kidney glomeruli of diabetic rats. FEBS Lett. 2009;583(19):3192–3198
- Hoshi S, Nomoto K-I, Kuromitsu J, Tomari S, Nagata M. High glucose induced VEGF expression via PKC and ERK in glomerular podocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002;290(1):177–184
- Karczewska J, Piwkowska A, Rogacka D, Stępiński J, Angielski S, Jankowski M. Purinergic modulation of glucose uptake into cultured rat podocytes: Effect of diabetic milieu. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011;404(2):723–727
- Kang D-H, Kim Y-G, Andoh TF, et al. Post-cyclosporine-mediated hypertension and nephropathy: amelioration by vascular endothelial growth factor. Am J Physiol-Renal Physiol. 2001;280(4):F727–F736
- Nakagawa T, Sato W, Sautin YY, et al. Uncoupling of vascular endothelial growth factor with nitric oxide as a mechanism for diabetic vasculopathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17(3):736–745
- Baynes JW, Thorpe SR. Role of oxidative stress in diabetic complications: a new perspective on an old paradigm. Diabetes. 1999;48(1):1–9
- Xia Z, Nagareddy PR, Guo Z, Zhang W, McNeill JH. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine restores systemic nitric oxide availability and corrects depressions in arterial blood pressure and heart rate in diabetic rats. Free Radical Res. 2006;40(2):175–184
- Singh R, Singh AK, Alavi N, Leehey DJ. Mechanism of increased angiotensin II levels in glomerular mesangial cells cultured in high glucose. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2003;14(4):873–880
- Vidotti D, Casarini D, Cristovam P, Leite C, Schor N, Boim M. High glucose concentration stimulates intracellular renin activity and angiotensin II generation in rat mesangial cells. Am J Physiol-Renal Physiol. 2004;286(6):F1039–F1045
- Dai Y, Zhang W, Wen J, Zhang Y, Kellems RE, Xia Y. A2B adenosine receptor-mediated induction of IL-6 promotes CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22(5):890–901
- Lin C-L, Wang F-S, Hsu Y-C, et al. Modulation of notch-1 signaling alleviates vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes. 2010;59(8):1915–1925
- Schraermeyer U, Julien S. Formation of immune complexes and thrombotic microangiopathy after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab in the primate eye. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2012;250(9):1303–1313
- Xia J-F, Liang Q-L, Hu P, Wang Y-M, Li P, Luo G-A. Correlations of six related purine metabolites and diabetic nephropathy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients. Clin Biochem. 2009;42(3):215–220
- Figler RA, Wang G, Srinivasan S, et al. Links between insulin resistance, adenosine A2B receptors, and inflammatory markers in mice and humans. Diabetes. 2011;60(2):669–679
- Kalla RV, Zablocki J. Progress in the discovery of selective, high affinity A2B adenosine receptor antagonists as clinical candidates. Purinergic Signal. 2009;5(1):21–29