REFERENCES
- Goltzman D. Osteolysis and cancer. J Clin Invest. 2001;107:1219–1220.
- Giuliani N, Rizzoli V. Myeloma cells and bone marrow osteoblast interactions: role in the development of osteolytic lesions in multiple myeloma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2007;48:2323–2329.
- Alsina M, Boyce B, Devlin RD, Development of an in vivo model of human multiple myeloma bone disease. Blood. 1996;87:1495–1501.
- Goldbloom EB, Cummings EA, Yhap M. Osteoporosis at presentation of childhood ALL: management with pamidronate. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2005;22:543–550.
- Beckers R, Uyttebroeck A, Demaerel P. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting with low back pain. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2002;6:285–287.
- Bertuna G, Famà P, Lo Nigro L, Marked osteoporosis and spontaneous vertebral fractures in children: don't forget, it could be leukemia. Med Pediatr Oncol. 2003;41:450–451.
- Söker M, Devecioğlu C, Gürkan F, Haspolat K. Spontaneous humerus fracture and osteoporosis: an unusual initial presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2000;22:358–360.
- Halton J, Gaboury I, Grant R, et al. The Canadian STOPP Consortium. Advanced vertebral fracture among newly diagnosed children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of the Canadian Steroid-associated Osteoporosis in the Pediatric Population (STOPP) research program. J Bone Miner Res. 2009;24:1326–1334.
- Hafiz MG, Islam A. Extensive skeletal lesions in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mymensingh Med J. 2009;18:88–94.
- Ochocka M, Matysiak M, Armata, J. [Compression fractures of the vertebrae in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia]. Pol Tyg Lek. 1992;47:54–56.
- Rohn RD, Werner EJ, Byrd RL. Osteoporosis as the presenting sign of leukemic relapse in an adolescent: case report and literature review. J Adolesc Health. 1992;13:306–310.
- Hase H, Kanno Y, Kojima H, Coculture of osteoclast precursors with rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts induces osteoclastogenesis via transforming growth factor beta-mediated down-regulation of osteoprotegerin. Arthritis Rheum. 2008;58:3356–3365.
- Aldridge SE, Lennard TW, Williams JR, Birch MA. Vascular endothelial growth factor acts as an osteolytic factor in breast cancer metastases to bone. Br J Cancer. 2005;92:1531–1537.
- David Roodman G. Role of stromal-derived cytokines and growth factors in bone metastasis. Cancer. 2003;97(3 Suppl):733–738.
- Sohara Y, Shimada H, Minkin C, Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells provide an alternate pathway of osteoclast activation and bone destruction by cancer cells. Cancer Res. 2005;65:1129–1135.
- Rose AA, Siegel PM. Breast cancer-derived factors facilitate osteolytic bone metastasis. Bull Cancer. 2006;93:931–943.
- Palmqvist P, Persson E, Conaway HH, Lerner UH. IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor, and oncostatin M stimulate bone resorption and regulate the expression of receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator of NF-kappa B in mouse calvariae. J Immunol. 2002;169:3353–3362.
- Hara T, Wakatsuki S, Ozaki S, Primary adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma of bone. Int J Hematol. 2004;79:157–160.
- Lisignoli G, Toneguzzi S, Grassi F, Different chemokines are expressed in human arthritic bone biopsies: IFN-gamma and IL-6 differently modulate IL-8, MCP-1 and rantes production by arthritic osteoblasts. Cytokine. 2002;20:231–238.
- Lisignoli G, Toneguzzi S, Pozzi C, Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokine production and expression by human osteoblasts isolated from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 1999;26:791–799.
- Wang K, Yamamoto H, Chin JR, Epidermal growth factor receptor-deficient mice have delayed primary endochondral ossification because of defective osteoclast recruitment. J Biol Chem. 2004;279:53848–53856.
- Chan SY, Wong RW. Expression of epidermal growth factor in transgenic mice causes growth retardation. J Biol Chem. 2000;275:38693–38698.
- Zhu J, Jia X, Xiao G, EGF-like ligands stimulate osteoclastogenesis by regulating expression of osteoclast regulatory factors by osteoblasts: implications for osteolytic bone metastases. J Biol Chem. 2007;282:26656–26664.
- Normanno N, De Luca A, Aldinucci D, Gefitinib inhibits the ability of human bone marrow stromal cells to induce osteoclast differentiation: implications for the pathogenesis and treatment of bone metastasis. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2005;12471–12482.
- Normanno N, Gullick WJ. Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and bone metastases: different mechanisms of action for a novel therapeutic application? Endocr Relat Cancer. 2006;13:3–6.