Effect of Dietary Chitosan on Faecal Microbiota and Faecal Metabolites of Humans

References

• Allan CR, Hadwiger LA. The fungicidal effect of chitosan on fungi of varying cell wall composition. Experimental Mycology 1979; 3: 285–287
   Google Scholar
• Baird IM, Walters RL, Davies PS, Hill MJ, Drasar BS, Southgate DAT. The effects of two dietary fibre supplements on gastrointestinal transit, stool weight and frequency, bacterial flora and faecal bile acids in normal subjects. Metabolism 1977; 26: 117–128
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benno Y, Endo K, Miyoshi H, Okuda T, Koishi H, Mitsuoka T. Effect of rice fibre on human fecal microfiora. Microbiology and Immunology 1989; 33: 435–440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bone E, Tamm A, Hill M. The production of urinary phenols by gut bacteria and their possible role in the causation of large bowel cancer. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1976; 29: 1448–1454
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings JH. Nutritional implications of dietary fiber. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1978; 31: s21–s29
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cummings JH, Hill MJ, Jenkins DJA, Pearson JR, Wiggins HS. Changes in fecal composition and colonic function due to cereal fibre. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1976; 29: 1468–1473
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drasar BS, Jenkins DJA, Cummings JH. The influence of a diet rich in wheat fibre on the human faecal flora. Journal of Medical Microbiology 1976; 9: 423–431
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endo K, Kumemura M, Nakamura K, Fujisawa T, Suzuki K, Benno Y, Mitsuoka T. Effect of high cholesterol diet and polydextrose supplementation on the microfiora, bacterial enzyme activity, putrefactive products, volatile fatty acid (VFA) profile, weight, and pH of the feces in healthy volunteers. Bifidobacteria and Microfiora 1991; 10: 53–64
   Google Scholar
• Fleming SE, Rodriguez MA. Influence of dietary fiber on fecal excretion of volatile fatty acids by human adults. Journal of Nutrition 1983; 113: 1613–1625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuchs H, Dorfman S, Floch MH. The effect of dietary fibre supplementation in man. II. Alteration in fecal physiology and bacterial flora. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1976; 29: 1443–1447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hidaka H, Eida T, Takizawa T, Tokunaga T, Tashiro Y. Effects of fructo-oligosaccharides on intestinal flora and human health. Bifidobacteria and Microflora 1986; 5: 37–50
   Google Scholar
• Kendra DF, Hadwiger LA. Characterization of the smallest chitosan oligomer that is maximally antifungal to Fusarium solani and elicits pisatin formation in Pisum sativum. Experimental Mycology 1984; 8: 276–281
   Google Scholar
• Mitsuoka T. Recent trends in research on intestinal flora. Bifidobacteria and Microflora 1982; 1: 3–24
   Google Scholar
• Mitsuoka T. Intestinal flora and aging. Nutrition Review 1992; 50: 438–446
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitsuoka T, Morishita Y, Terada A, Yamamoto S. A simple method (‘plate-in-bottle method’) for the cultivation of fastidious anaerobes. Japanese Journal of Microbiology 1969; 13: 383–385
   Google Scholar
• Mitsuoka T, Sega T, Yamamoto S. Eine verbesserte Methodik der qualitativen and Tieren Zentralblatt für Bakteriologie, Parasitenkunde, Infektionskrankheiten und Hygiene. Abteilung I, Originale 1965; A195: 455–469
   Google Scholar
• Moore WEC, Cato EP, Holdeman LV. Anaerobic bacteria of the gastrointestinal flora and their occurrence in clinical infections. Journal of Infection and Disease 1969; 119: 641–649
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagyvary JJ, Falk JD, Hill ML, Schmidt ML, Wilkins AK, Bradbury EL. The hypo-lipidemic activity of chitosan and other polysac-charides in rats. Nutrition Reports International 1979; 20: 677–684
   Google Scholar
• Nakamura R, Yonemura H, Sudo T. 6. Usino Rinsho Kensahou. Nobunkyo Co. Ltd, Tokyo 1973; 39–44, (in Japanese)
   Google Scholar
• Pietroiusti A, Caprilli R, Giuliano M, Serrano S, Vita S. Faecal pH in colorectal cancer. Italian Journal of Gastroenterology 1985; 17: 88–91
   Google Scholar
• Rowland IR, Wise A. The effect of diet on mammalian gut flora and its metabolic activities. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology 1985; 16: 31–103
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugano M, Fujikawa T, Hiratsuji Y, Hasegawa Y. Hypocholesterolemic effects of chitosan in cholesterol-fed rats. Nutrition Reports International 1978; 18: 531–537
   Google Scholar
• Sugawara M, Suzuki K, Endo K, Kumemura M, Takeuchi M, Mitsuoka T. Effect of the dietary supplementation of corn hemicellulose on fecal flora and bacterial enzyme activities in human adults. Agricultural Biological Chemistry 1990; 54: 1683–1688
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suzuki K, Okawa Y, Hashimoto K, Suzuki S, Suzuki M. Protecting effect of chitin and chitosan on experimentally induced murine candidiasis. Microbiology and Immunology 1984; 28: 903–912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tanaka R, Takayama H, Morotomi M, Kuroshima T, Ueyama S, Matsumoto K, Kuroda A, Mutai M. Effects of administration of TOS and Bifidobacterium breve 4006 on the human fecal flora. Bifidobacteria and Microflora 1983; 2: 17–24
   Google Scholar
• Terada A, Hara H, Hemmi A, Kataoka M, Mitsuoka T. A simple and rapid method for the determination of excretal ammonia using ammonia gas sensing electrode. Animal Science and Technology 1993; 64: 719–722
   Google Scholar
• Terada A, Hara H, Ikegame K, Sasaki M, Mitsuoka T. Recommended method of enumeration of lecithinase-positive clostridia in human feces. Bifidobacteria and Microflora 1994; 13: 29–32
   Google Scholar
• Terada A, Hara H, Kataoka M, Mitsuoka T. Effect of lactulose on the composition and metabolic activity of the human faecal flora. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 1992; 5: 43–50
   Google Scholar
• Terada A, Hara H, Oishi T, Matsui S, Mitsuoka T, Nakajyo S, Fujimori I, Hara K. Effect of dietary lactosucrose on faecal flora and faecal metabolites of dogs. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 1992; 5: 87–92
   Google Scholar
• Uchida Y. Antibacterial activity of chitin and chitosan. Food Chemicals 1988; 2: 22–29, (in Japanese)
   Google Scholar
• Vince A, Down PF, Murison J, Twigg FJ, Wrong OM. Generation of ammonia from non-urea sources in a fecal incubation system. Clinical Science and Molecular Medicine 1976; 51: 313–322
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yoshihara I. Isothermal gas chromato-graphic analysis of putrefactive products in gastrointestinal contents and urine using the same dual column system. Agricultural Biological Chemistry 1981; 45: 1873–1875
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zeegen R, Drinkwater JE, Fenton JCB, Vince A, Dawson AM. Some observations on the effects of treatment with lactulose on patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy. Quarterly Journal of Medicine 1970; 36: 245–263
   Google Scholar