Elevated Cytokine Levels in Synovial Fluid of Rheumatoid Arthritis Correlates with the Presence of Cytomegalovirus Genome

References

• Ford KD, Rosa MD, Schulzer M, Reid GD, Denegri JF. Persistent synovial lymphocyte responses to cytomegalovirus antigen in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1987; 30: 700–704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman HM, Pincus T, Gibilisco P, Baker D, Glozen JP, Plotkin SA, Schumacher HR. Acute monoarticular arthritis caused by herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus. Am J Med. 1980; 69: 241–247
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuchiya N, Williams RC, Jr, Hutt-Pletchcr LM. Rheumatoid factors may bear the internal image of the Fc gamma-binding protein of herpes simplex virus type 1. J Immunol. 1990; 144: 4742–4748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamerman D, Gresser I, Smith C. Isolation of cytomegalovirus from synovial cells of a patient with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1982; 9: 658–664
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuchiya N, Murayama T, Yoshinoya S, Matsuta K, Shiota M, Furukawa T, Ito K. Antibodies to human cytomegalovirus 65-kilodalton Fc binding protein in rheumatoid arthritis: idiotypic mimicry hypothesis of rheumatoid factor production. Autoimmunity. 1993; 15: 39–48
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murayama T, Jisaki F, Ayata M, Sakamuro D, Hironaka T, Hirai K, Tsuchiya N, Ito K, Furukawa T. Cytomegalovirus genomes demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction in synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Exp Rheum. 1992; 10: 161–164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirano T, Matsuda T, Turner M, Miyasaka N, Buchan G, Tang B, Sato K, Shimizu M, Maini R, Feldmann M, Kishi-Moto T. Excessive production of interleukin 6/B cell stimulatory factor-2 in rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Immunol. 1988; 18: 1797–1801
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waage A, Kaufmann C, Espevik T, Husby G. Interleukin-6 in synovial fluid from patients with arthritis. Clin Immunol Immunopathol. 1989; 50: 394–398
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brennan FM, Zacharaie OC, Chantry D, Larson CG, Turner M, Maini RN, Matsushima K, Feldmann M. Detection of interleukin 8 biological activity in synovial fluids from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and production of interleukin 8 mRNA by isolated synovial cells. Eur J Immunol. 1990; 20: 2141–2144
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Endo H, Akahoshi T, Takagishi K, Kashiwazaki S, Matsushima K. Elevation of interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in joint fluids of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the induction by IL-8 of leukocyte infiltration and synovitis in rabbit joints. Lymphokine and Cytokine Res. 1991; 10: 245–252
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Remick DG, Deforge LE, Sullivan JF, Showell HJ. Profile of cytokines in synovial fluid specimens from patients with arthritis. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-6 correlate with inflammatory arthritides. Immun Invest. 1992; 21: 321–327
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ropes MW, Bennett GA, Cobb S. 1958 revision of diagnostic criteria for rheumatoid arthritis. Bull Rheum Dis. 1958; 9: 175–176
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ruger B, Klaus S, Walla B, Albrecht J, Flekenstein B, Tomilinson P, Barrell B. Primary structure and transcription of the genes coding for the two virion phosphoproteins pp65 and pp71 of human cytomegalovirus. J Virol. 1987; 61: 446–453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yamaguchi Y, Hironaka T, Kajiwara M, Tateno E, Kita H, Hirai K. Increased sensitivity for detection of human cytomegalovirus in urine by removal of inhibitors for the polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods. 1992; 37: 209–218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demmler GJ, Buffone GJ, Connie CM, May RA. Detection of cytomegalovirus in urine from newborns by using polymerase chain reaction DNA amplification. J Infect Dis. 1988; 158: 1171–118
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furukawa T, Herold R, Plotkin SA. Application of a human osteogenic sarcoma cell culture for detection of human cytomegalovirus antibody by immunofluorescence tests. J Clin Microbiol. 1981; 13: 206–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ko Y, Mukaide N, Panyutich A, Voitenok NN, Matsushima K, Kaeai T, Kasahara T. A sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human interleukin-8. J Immunol Methods. 1992; 149: 277–235
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saez-Llorens X, Mustafa MM, Ramilo O, Fink C, Beutler B, Nelson JD. Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin IP in synovial fluid of infants and children with suppurative arthritis. Am J Dis Child 1990; 144: 353–356
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yocum DE, Esparza L, Dubry S, Benjamin JB, Volz R, Scuderi R. Characteristics of tumor necrosis factor production in rheumatoid arthritis. Cell Immunol 1989; 122: 131–145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Buchan G, Barrett K, Turner M, Chantry D, Maini RN, Feldmann M. Interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor mRNA expression in rheumatoid arthritis: prolonged production of IL-1 alpha. Clin Exp Immunol. 1988; 73: 449–455
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moses AV, Garnett HM. The effect of human cytomegalovirus on the production and biologic action of interleukin-1. J Infect Dis. 1990; 162: 381–388
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iwamoto GK, Monick MM, Clark BD, Auron PE, Stinski MF, Hunninghake GW. Modulation of interleukin 1 beta gene expression by the immediate early genes of human cytomegalovirus. J Clin Invest. 1990; 85: 1853–1857
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strieter RM, Phan SH, Showell HJ, Remick DG, Lynch JP, Genord M, Raiford C, Eskandari M, Marks RM, Kunkel SL. Monokine-induced neutrophil chemotactic factor gene express in human fibroblasts. J Biol Chem. 1989; 264: 10621–10626
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gimbrone MA, Jr, Obin MS, Brock AF, Luis EA, Hass PE, Hebert CA, Yip YK, Leung DW, Lowe DG, Kohr WJ, Darbonne WC, Bechtol KB, Baker JB. Endothelial interleukin-8: A novel inhibitor of leukocyte-endothelial interactions. Science 1989; 246: 1601–1603
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akahoshi T, Endo H, Kondo H, Kashiwazaki S, Kasahara T, Mukaide N, Harada A, Matsushima K. Essential involvement of interleukin 8 in neutrophil recruitment in rabbits with acute experimental arthritis induced by lipopolysac-charide and interleukin 1. Lymphokine and Cytokine Research 1994, in press
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Al-Janadi M, Al-Balla S, Al-Dalaan A, Raziuddin S. Cytokine production by helper T cell populations from the synovial fluid and blood in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1993; 20: 1647–1653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshioka R, Shimizu S, Fukutoku M, Tachibana J, Sugai S, Takiguchi T, Murayama T, Nakasaki S, Fukui H, Ohsugi Y, Konda S. Interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-6 receptor in synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Japan J Rheumatol. 1994; 5: 1–8
   Google Scholar
• Shimizu K, Hirano T, Ishibashi K, Nakano N, Taga T, Suganuma K, Yamamura U, Kishimoto T. Immortalization of BGDF (BCDF II)-and BCDF-producing T cells by human T cell leukemia virus (HTLV) and characterization of human BGDF (BCDF II). J Immunol. 1985; 134: 1728–1733
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slaughter L, Carson DA, Jensen FC, Holbrook TL, Vaughan JH. In vitro effects of Epstein-Barr virus on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthrites and normal subjects. J Exp Med. 1978; 148: 1429–1434
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ford DK, da Rosa DM, Schulzen M, Reid GD, Denegri JF. Persistent synovial lymphocyte responses to cytomegalovirus antigen in some patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1987; 30: 700–704
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar