Saengmaeksan inhibits inflammatory mediators by suppressing RIP-2/caspase-1 activation

References

• Wang L, Nishida H, Ogawa Y, Konishi T. Prevention of oxidative injury in PC12 cells by a traditional Chinese medicine, Shengmai San, as a model of an antioxidant-based composite formula. Biol pharm bull 2003;26:1000–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichikawa H, Wang X, Konishi T. Role of component herbs in antioxidant activity of shengmai san – a traditional Chinese medicine formula preventing cerebral oxidative damage in rat. Am J Chin Med 2003;31:509–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ichikawa H, Wang L, Konishi T. Prevention of cerebral oxidative injury by post-ischemic intravenous administration of Shengmai San. Am J Chin Med 2006;34:591–600
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang NL, Chang CK, Liou YL, et al. Shengmai San, a Chinese herbal medicine protects against rat heat stroke by reducing inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide formation. J Pharmacol Sci 2005;98:1–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang YC, Chen RM, Lu BJ, Rong YZ. Effect of Shengmai Injection on cardiac function and inflammatory reaction in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Chin J Integr Med 2008;14:107–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kiefer R, Kieseier BC, Stoll G, Hartung HP. The role of macrophages in immune-mediated damage to the peripheral nervous system. Prog Neurobiol 2001;64:109–27
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beutler B. TNF, immunity and inflammatory disease: lessons of the past decade. J Investig Med 1995;43:227–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma JN, Al-Omran A, Parvathy SS. Role of nitric oxide in inflammatory diseases. Inflammopharmacology 2007;15:252–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris SG, Padilla J, Koumas L, et al. Prostaglandins as modulators of immunity. Trends Immunol 2002;23:144–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karin M, Ben-Neriah Y. Phosphorylation meets ubiquitination: the control of NF-[kappa]B activity. Annu Rev Immunol 2000;18:621–63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tak PP, Firestein GS. NF-kappaB: a key role in inflammatory diseases. J Clin Invest 2001;107:7–11
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hacker H, Karin M. Regulation and function of IKK and IKK-related kinases. Sci STKE 2006;357:re13
   Google Scholar
• Yan J, Greer JM. NF-kappa B, a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2008;7:536–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yazdi AS, Guarda G, D’Ombrain MC, Drexler SK. Inflammatory caspases in innate immunity and inflammation. J Innate Immun 2010;2:228–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajamaki K, Lappalainen J, Oorni K, et al. Cholesterol crystals activate the NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages: a novel link between cholesterol metabolism and inflammation. PLoS one 2010;5:e11765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sarkar A, Duncan M, Hart J, et al. ASC directs NF-kappaB activation by regulating receptor interacting protein-2 (RIP2) caspase-1 interactions. J Immunol 2006;176:4979–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narumi S, Finke JH, Hamilton TA. Interferon gamma and interleukin 2 synergize to induce selective monokine expression in murine peritoneal macrophages. J Biol Chem 1990;265:7036–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim MS, Lim WK, Cha JG, et al. The activation of PI 3-K and PKC zeta in PMA-induced differentiation of HL-60 cells. Cancer Lett 2001;171:79–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green LC, Wagner DA, Glogowski J, et al. Analysis of nitrate, nitrite, and [15N]nitrate in biological fluids. Anal Biochem 1982;126:131–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murthy SN, Cooper HS, Shim H, et al. Treatment of dextran sulfate sodium-induced murine colitis by intracolonic cyclosporin. Dig Dis Sci 1993;38:1722–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghosh S, May MJ, Kopp EB. NF-kappa B and Rel proteins: evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol 1998;16:225–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woolley DE, Tetlow LC. Mast cell activation and its relation to proinflammatory cytokine production in the rheumatoid lesion. Arthritis Res 2000;2:65–74
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nishimoto N. Cytokine signal regulation and autoimmune disorders. Autoimmunity 2005;38:359–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bunikowski R, Gerhold K, Brautigam M, et al. Effect of low-dose cyclosporin a microemulsion on disease severity, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha production in severe pediatric atopic dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2001;125:344–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mima T, Nishimoto N. Clinical value of blocking IL-6 receptor. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2009;21:224–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crofford LJ, Oates JC, McCune WJ, et al. Thrombosis in patients with connective tissue diseases treated with specific cyclooxygenase 2 inhibitors. A report of four cases. Arthritis Rheum 2000;43:1891–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mastbergen SC, Marijnissen AC, Vianen ME, et al. Inhibition of COX-2 by celecoxib in the canine groove model of osteoarthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2006;45:405–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackwell TS, Christman JW. The role of nuclear factor-kappa B in cytokine gene regulation. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 1997;17:3–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopp E, Ghosh S. Inhibition of NF-kappa B by sodium salicylate and aspirin. Science 1994;265:956–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lappas M, Permezel M, Georgiou HM, Rice GE. Nuclear factor kappa B regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in human gestational tissues in vitro. Biol Reprod 2002;67:668–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kou J, Sun Y, Lin Y, et al. Anti-inflammatory activities of aqueous extract from Radix Ophiopogon japonicus and its two constituents. Biol Pharm Bull 2005;28:1234–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li N, Zhang JY, Zeng KW, et al. Anti-inflammatory homoisoflavonoids from the tuberous roots of Ophiopogon japonicus. Fitoterapia 2012;83:1042–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ci X, Ren R, Xu K, et al. Schisantherin A exhibits anti-inflammatory properties by down-regulating NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways in lipopolysaccharide-treated RAW 264.7 cells. Inflammation 2010;33:126–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh SY, Kim YH, Bae DS, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of gomisin N, gomisin J, and schisandrin C isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2010;74:285–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YJ, Park SY, Kim SG, et al. Identification of a novel compound that inhibits iNOS and COX-2 expression in LPS-stimulated macrophages from Schisandra chinensis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010;391:1687–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smolinski AT, Pestka JJ. Modulation of lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory cytokine production in vitro and in vivo by the herbal constituents apigenin (chamomile), ginsenoside Rb(1) (ginseng) and parthenolide (feverfew). Food Chem Toxicol 2003;41:1381–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chai H, Wang Q, Huang L, et al. Ginsenoside Rb1 inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression in human endothelial cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2008;31:2050–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar