37
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Helicobacter Pylori Infecn and Host Cell Responses

, , , , , , , , , & show all
Pages 803-846 | Published online: 27 Sep 2008

References

  • Staat M A, Kruszon-Moran D, McQuillan G M, Kaslow R A. A population-based serologic survey of Helicobacter pylori infection in children and adolescents in the United States. J. Infect. Dis. 1996; 174: 1120
  • Palli D, Vaira D, Menegatti M, Saieva C. A serologic survey of Helicobacter pylori infection in 3281 Italian patients endoscoped for upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The Italian Helicobacter Pylori Study Group. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 1997; 11: 719
  • Maherzi A, Fendri C, Ben Jilani S, Bousnina S. Symptomatic Helicobacter pylori infection: prospective study of epidemiological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects in children in Tunisia. Arch. Pediatr. 1996; 3: 329
  • Sonnenberg A. Temporal trends and geographical variations of peptic ulcer disease. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 1995; 9(suppl 2)3
  • Sipponen P. Helicobacter pylori gastritis- epidemiology. J. Gastroenterol. 1997; 32: 273
  • Gottrand F, Turck D. Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Arch. Pediatr 1995; 2: 573
  • Lee A. The microbiology and epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1994; 29(suppl 201)2
  • Parsonnet J, Friedman G D, Vandersteen D P, et al. Helicobacter pylori infection and the risk of gastric carcinoma. N. Engl. J. Med. 1991; 325: 1127
  • Blaser M J, Chyou P H, Nomura A. Age at establishment of Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric carcinoma, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer risk. Cancer Res. 1995; 55: 562
  • Cheli R, Crespi M, Testino G, Citarda F. Gastric cancer and Helicobacter pylori: biologic and epidemiologic inconsistencies [editorial]. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 1998; 26(1)3
  • Matysiak-Budnik T, Mégraud F. Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori infection with special reference to professional risk. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 1997; 48(suppl 4)3
  • Yamasaki K, Suematsu H, Takahashi T. Comparison of gastric lesion in dogs and cats with and without gastric spiral organisms. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 1998; 212: 529
  • Webb P M, Knight T, Elder J B, Newell D G, Forman D. Is Helicobacter pylori transmitted from cats to human?. Helicobacter 1998; 1: 79
  • Mégraud F. Transmission of Helicobacter pylori: faecal-oral versus oral-oral route. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 1995; 9(suppl 2)85
  • Grubel P., Hoffman S., Chong F. K.N. A., et al. Vector potential of houseflies (Musca domestica) for Helicobacter pylori. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1997; 35: 1300
  • Osato M S, Ayub K, Le H H, et al. Houseflies are an unlikely reservoir or vector for Helicobacter pylori. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1998; 36: 2786
  • Pretolani S, Stroffolini T, Rapicetta M, et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus and Helicobacter pylori infections in the general population of a developed European country (the San Marino study): evidence for similar pattern of spread. Eur, J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1997; 9: 1081
  • Furuta T, Kamata T, Takashima M, et al. Study of transmission routes of Helicobacter pylori in relation to seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1997; 35: 1891
  • Webb P M, Knight T, Newell D G, et al. Helicobacter pylori transmission: evidence from a comparison with hepatitis A virus. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1996; 8: 439
  • Luzza F, Maletta M, Imeneo M, et al. Evidence against an increased risk of Helicobacter pylori infection in dentists: a serological and salivary study. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1995; 7: 773
  • Vincent P. Transmission and acquisition of Helicobacter pylori infection: evidences and hypothesis. Biomed. Pharmacother. 1995; 49: 11
  • Liu W Z, Xiao S D, Jiang S J, et al. Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in medical staff in Shanghai. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1996; 31: 749
  • Tursi A, Cammarota G, Papa A, et al. The modes of transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection. Rec. Prog. Med. 1997; 88: 232
  • Mendall M. A. Transmission of Helicobacter pylori. Semin. Gastrointest. Dis. 1997; 8: 113
  • Neale K R, Logan R P. The epidemiology and transmission of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. Aliment. Pharmacol. Ther. 1996; 9(suppl 2)77
  • Morals M, Macedo E P, da Suva Junior M R, et al. Comparison between invasive tests for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infections. Arq. Gastroenterol. 1997; 34: 207
  • Soltesz V, Zeeberg B, Wadstrom T. Optimal survival of Helicobacter pylori under various transport conditions. J. Clin. Microbiol. 1992; 30: 1453
  • Kolts B E, Joseph B, Achem S R, et al. Helicobacter pylori detection: a quality and cost analysis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1993; 88: 650
  • Yamamoto Y, Fukuda Y, Mizuta T, et al. Serum anti-Helicobacter pylori antibodies and gastritis. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 1995; 21(suppl 1)S164
  • Feldman R A, Evans S JW. Accuracy of diagnostic methods used for epidemiological studies of Helicobacter pylori. Aliment. Pharmacol. Then 1995; 9(suppl 2)21
  • Luthra G K, Di Nuzzo A R, Gouriey W K, et al. Comparison of biopsy and serological methods of diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and the potential role of antibiotics. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1998; 93: 1291
  • Ohara S, Kato M, Asaka M, et al. Studies of 13C-urea breath test for diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in Japan. J. Gastroenterol. 1998; 33: 6
  • Minoli G, Prada A, Schuman R, et al. A simplified urea breath test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection using the LARA System. Laser Assisted Ratio Analyzer. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 1998; 26: 264
  • Abukhadir B A, Heneghan M A, Kearns M, et al. Evaluation of a 20 minute 14C urea breath test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Ir. Med. J. 1998; 91: 23
  • Leodolter A, DomTnguez -Muñoz J E, von Amim U. 13C-urea breath test for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. A further simplification for clinical practice. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1998; 33: 267
  • Lewis J D, Kroser J, Bevan J, et al. Urease-based tests for Helicobacter pylori gastritis. Accurate for diagnosis but poor correlation with disease severity. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 1997; 25: 415
  • Silverstein M D, Petterson T, Talley N J. Initial endoscopy or empirical therapy with or without testing for Helicobacter pylori for dyspepsia: a decision analysis. Gastroenterology 1996; 110: 72
  • Steen T, Berstad K, Meling T, et al. Reproducibility of the 14C urea breath test repeated after 1 week. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1995; 90: 2103
  • Phillips M. Breathtaking technology for the detection of Helicobacter pylori [editorial]. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1995; 90: 2089
  • Basso D, Navaglia F, Cassaro M, et al. Gastric juice polymerase chain reaction: an alternative to histology in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 1996; 1: 159
  • Notarnicola M, Russo F, Cavallini A, et al. PCR Identification of helicobacter pylori in faeces from patients with gastroduodenal pathology. Med. Sci. Res. 1996; 24: 785
  • Russo F, Notarnicola M, Di Matteo G, et al. Detection of Helicobacter pylori cagA gene by Polymerase Chain Reaction in faecal samples. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1999, in press
  • Current European concepts in the management of Helicobacter pylori infection. The Maastricht Consensus Report. European Helicobacter Pylori Study Group. Gut 1997; 41: 8
  • Malfertheiner P. Commentary: How, in Whom, and when to diagnose Helicobacter pylori. Gastroenterology 1997; 113: S118
  • Lipkin M. Proliferation and differentiation of normal and diseased gastrointestinal cells. Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract, L. R. Johnson. Raven, New York 1987; 1: 255
  • Konturek P C, Konturek S J, Brozowski T, et al. Epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-alpha: role in protection and healing of gastric mucosal lesion. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1995; 10: 993
  • Halter F. Regeneration following gastric injury. Growth of the Gastrointestinal Tract: Gastrointestinal Hormones and Growth Factors, J. M. Morisset, T. E. Solomon. CRC, New York 1991; 143
  • Konturek S J, Dembinski A, Warzecha Z, et al. Role of epidermal growth factor in healing of chronic gastroduodenal ulcers in rats. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: 1300
  • Marti U, Burwen S J, Jones A L. Biological effects of epidermal growth factor, with emphasis on the gastrointestinal tract and liver: an update. Hepatology 1989; 9: 126
  • Brown K. D. The epidermal growth factor/trasforming growth factor alpha family and their receptors. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1995; 7: 914
  • Konturek J W, Bielanski W, Konturek S J, et al. Distribution and release of epidermal growth factor in man. Gut 1989; 30: 1194
  • Konturek S. J. Role of growth factors in gastroduodenal protection and healing of peptic ulcers. Gastroenterol. Clin. N. Am. 1990; 19: 41
  • Tepperman B L, Soper B D, Morris G P. Effect of sialoadectomy on adaptive cytoprotection in the rat. Gastroenterology 1989; 97: 123
  • Olser S P, Pouisen S S, Therkelsen K, et al. Effect of sialoadenectomy and synthetic human urogastrone on healing of chronic gastric ulcers in rats. Gut 1986; 27: 1443
  • Carlidge S A, Elder J B. Transforming growth factor α and epidermal growth factor levels in normal gastrointestinal mucosa. Br. J. Cancer. 1989; 60: 657
  • Wright N A, Pike C, Elia G. Induction of a novel epidermal growth factor-secreting cell linkage by mucosal ulceration in human gastrointestinal stem cells. Nature 1990; 343: 82
  • Tarnawski A, Tanoue K, Santos A M, et al. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of gastric ulcer healing Is the quality of mucosal scar affected by treatment?. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1995; 30(suppl 210)9
  • Tarnawski A, Stachura J, Durbin T, et al. Increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor during gastric ulcer healing. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 695
  • Thomas D M, Nasim M M, Gullick W J, et al. Immunoreactivity of transforming growth factor alpha in the normal adult gastrointestinal tract. Gut 1992; 33: 628
  • Beauchamp R D, Barnard J A, McCutchen C M, et al. Localization of transforming growth factor α and its receptor in gastric mucosa cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1989; 84: 1017
  • Dempsey P J, Goldenring J R, Soroka C J, et al. Possible role of transforming growth factor α in the pathogenesis of Menetrier's disease: supportive evidence from humans and transgenic mice. Gastroenterology 1992; 103: 1950
  • Takagi H, Jhappan C, Sharp R, et al. Hypertrophic gastropathy resempling Menetrier's disease in transgenic mice overexpressing transforming growth factor α in the stomach. J. Clin. Invest. 1992; 90: 1161
  • Takahashi M, Ota S, Shimata T, et al. Hepatocyte growth factor is the most potent endogenous stimulant of rabbit gastric epithelial cell proliferation and migration in primary culture. J. Clin. Invest. 1995; 95: 1994
  • Rauws E, Langenberg W, Houthoff H, Zanen H, Tytgat G. Campylobacter pyloridis associated chronic active antral gastritis. Gastroenterology 1988; 94: 33
  • Dixon M. F. Pathophysiology of Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1994; 29(suppl 201)7
  • Forman D. An international association between Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer (The EUROGAST Study Group). Lancet 1993; 341: 1359
  • Ierardi E, Francavilla A, Balzano T, et al. Effect of Helicobacter pylori eradication on gastric epithelial proliferation. Relationship with ras oncogene p21 expression. Ital. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1997; 29: 214
  • Panella C, Lerardi E, Polimeno L, et al. Proliferative activity of gastric epithelium in progressive stages of Helicobacter pylori infection. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1996; 41: 1132
  • Cahill R J, Kilgallen C, Beattie S, et al. Gastric epithelial cell kinetic in the progression from normal mucosa to gastric carcinoma. Gut 1996; 38: 177
  • Wagner S, Beil W, Westermann J, et al. Regulation of Gastric Epithelial Cell Growth by Helicobacter pylori Evidence for a Major Role of Apoptosis. Gastroenterology 1997; 113: 1836
  • Knipp U, Birkholz S, Kaup W, et al. Partial characterization of cell proliferation-inhibiting protein produced by Helicobacter pylori. Infect. Immun. 1996; 64: 3491
  • Fan X G, Kelleher D, Fan X J, et al. Helicobacter pylori increases proliferation of gastric epithelial cells. Gut 1996; 38: 19
  • Harvard T J, Sarsfield P, Wotherspoon A C, et al. Increased gastric epithelial cell proliferation in Helicobacter pylori-associated follicular gastritis. J. Clin. Pathol. 1996; 49: 68
  • Cahill R J, Xia H, Kilgallen C, et al. Effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric epithelial cell proliferation. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1995; 40: 1627
  • Brenes F, Ruiz B, Correa P, et al. Helicobacter pylori causes hyperproliferation of the gastric epithelium: pre- and post-eradication indices of proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1993; 88: 1870
  • Cahill R J, Xia H, Kilgallen C, et al. Effect of eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection on gastric epithelial cell proliferation. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1995; 40: 1627
  • Lynch D AF, Axon A TR. Helicobacter pylori, gastric cancer and gastric epithelial kinetics: a review. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1995; 7(suppl.1)S17
  • Bechi P, Balzi M, Becciolini A, et al. Helicobacter pylori and cell proliferation of the gastric mucosa: possible implications for gastric carcinogenesis. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1996; 91: 271
  • Peek R M, Moss S F, Tham K T, et al. Helicobacter pylori cagA+ strains and dissociation of gastric epithelial cell proliferation from apoptosis. J. Nat. Cancer. Inst. 1997; 89: 863
  • Moss S F, Calam J, Agarwal B, et al. Induction of gastric epithelial apoptosis by Helicobacter pylori. Gut 1996; 38: 498
  • Fan X G, Kelleher D, Fan X J, et al. Helicobacter pylori increases proliferation of gastric epithelial cells. Gut 1996; 38: 19
  • Prosperi M T, Ferbus D, Karczinski I, et al. A human cDNA corresponding to a gene overexpressed during cell proliferation encodes a product sharing homology with amoebic and bacterial proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 1993; 268: 11050
  • Alle A, Flemstrom G, Garner A, et al. Gastroduodenal mucosal protection. Physiol. Rev. 1993; 73: 823
  • Slomiany B L, Sarosiek J, Slomiany A. Gastric mucus and the mucosal barrier. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1987; 5: 125
  • Marshall B. J. Helicobacter pylori. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1994; 89: S116
  • Fujiwara Y, Wyle F, Arakawa T, et al. Helicobacter pylori culture supernatant inhibits binding and proliferative response of human gastric cells to epidermal growth factor: Implications for H. pylori interference with ulcer healing. Digestion 1997; 58: 299
  • Konturek P CH, Bobrzynski A, Konturek S J, et al. Epidermal Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor Alpha in Duodenal Ulcer and Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia Patients before and after Helicobacter pylori Eradication. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1998; 33: 143
  • Russo F, Messa C, Amati L, et al. The Influence of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on the Gastric Mucosal Content of Epidermal Growth Factor, Transforming Growth Factor-α, and Their Common Receptor. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1998; 33: 271
  • Persico M, Suozzo R, Gesue L, et al. Decreased gastroduodenal concentration of transforming growth factor alpha in Helicobacter pylori infected patients. Gastroenterology 1996; 110: A831
  • Yasunaga Y, Shinomura Y, Kanayama S, et al. Increased production of interleukin 1 beta and hepatocyte growth factor may contribute to foveolar hyperplasia in enlarged fold gastritis. Gut 1996; 39: 787
  • Marcinkiewicz M, Van Der Linder B, Peura D A, et al. Impact of Helicobacter pylori colonisation on immunoreactive epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor alpha in gastric juice. Its potential pathogenetic implications. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1996; 41: 2150
  • Russo F, Linsalata M, Giorgio I, et al. Polyamine levels and ODC activity in intestinal-type and Diffuse Type gastric carcinoma. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1997; 42: 576
  • Romano M, Meise K S, Suozzo R, et al. Regional distribution of transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor in normal and portal hypertensive gastric mucosa in humans. Dig. Dis. Sci. 1995; 40: 263
  • Tabor C. W., Tabor H. Polyamines. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 1984; 53: 749
  • Pegg A E, McCann P P. Polyamine metabolism and function. Am. J. Physiol. 1982; 243: 0212
  • Boutwell R. K. Evidence that an elevated level of ornithine decarboxylase activity is an essential component of tumor promotion. Adv. Polyamine Res. 1983; 4: 127
  • Lorusso D, Pezzolla F, Linsalata M, et al. Duodenogastric reflux and gastric mucosal cell proliferation after cholecystectomy or Billroth II gastric resection. Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 1994; 18: 927
  • Lorusso D, Pezzolla F, Linsalata M, et al. Duodenogastric reflux, histology and cell proliferation of the gastric mucosa before and six months after cholecystectomy. Acta Gastroent. Belg. 1995; 58: 43
  • Luk G D, Baylin S B. Ornithine decarboxylase as a biological marker in familial colonic polyposis. N. Engl. J. Med. 1984; 311: 80
  • Garewal H S, Sampliner R, Alberts D, et al. Increase in ornithine decarboxylase activity associated with development of dysplasia in Barret's esophagus. Dig, Dis. Sci. 1998; 34: 312
  • Majumdar A PN, Luk G D. Gastric epithelial cell proliferation after injury. J. Clin. Gastroenterol. 1992; 14: S25
  • Linsalata M, Russo F, Cavallini A, et al. Polyamines, diamine oxidase and ornithine decarboxylase activity in colorectal cancer and in normal surrounding mucosa. Dis. Colon Rectum 1993; 36: 662
  • Di Leo A, Linsalata M, Cavallini A, et al. Sex steroid hormone receptors, epidermal growth factor receptor and polyamines in human colorectal cancer. Dis. Colon Rectum 1992; 35: 305
  • Russo F, Linsalata M, Messa C, et al. Polyamines and estrogen-receptor concentrations in human colorectal carcinomas. Ital. J. Gastroenterol. 1992; 24: 8
  • Linsalata M, Cavallini A, Di Leo A. Polyamine oxidase activity and polyamine levels in human colorectal cancer and in normal surrounding mucosa. Anticancer Res. 1997; 17: 3757
  • Linsalata M, Messa C, Russo F, et al. Estrogen receptors and polyamine levels in human gastric carcinoma. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1994; 29: 67
  • Alam K, Ariow F L, Ma C K, et al. Decrease in ornithine decarboxylase activity after eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 1994; 89: 888
  • Tjandrawinata R R, Havel I L, II, Byus C V. Regulation of putrescine export in lipopolysaccharide or IFNγ-activated murine monocytic-leukemic RAW 264 cells. J. Immunol. 1994; 152: 3039
  • Patchett S E, Katelaris P H, Zhang Z W, et al. Ornithine decarboxylase activity is a marker of premalignancy in longstanding Helicobacter pylori infection. Gut 1996; 39: 807
  • Messa C, Di Leo A, Greco B, et al. Successful eradicating treatment of Helicobacter pylori in patients with chronic gastritis: gastric levels of cytokines, epidermal growth factor and polyamines before and after therapy. Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol. 1996; 18: 1
  • Antonioli D A, Goldman H. Changes in the location and type of gastric adenocarcinoma. Cancer 1982; 50: 775
  • Linsalata M, Russo F, Notarnicola M, et al. Polyamine profile in human gastric mucosa infected by Helicobacter pylori. Ital. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1998; 30: 484
  • Yasunaga Y, Shinomura Y, Kanayama S, et al. Increased production of interieukin 1β and hepatocyte growth factor may contribute to foveolar hyperplasia in enlarged fold gastritis. Gut 1996; 39: 787
  • Borsch G, Adamek R, Sandmann M, et al. Comparison of biopsy urease test and histologic examination for the detection of Campylobacter pylori. HepatoGastroenterology 1987; 34: 236
  • Blomberg B, Jarnerot G, Kjellander J, et al. Prevalence of Campylobacter pylori in an unselected Sweedish population of patients referred for gastroscopy. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1988; 23: 358
  • Rathbone B J, Wyatt J I, Trejdosiewiz L K. Mucosal T cell subsets in normal gastric antrum and C. pylori-associated chronic gastritis. Gut 1988; 29: A1438
  • Bayerdörffer E, Lehn N, Hatz R, et al. Difference in expression in Helicobacter pylori gastritis in antrum and body. Gastroenterology 1992; 102: 1575
  • Ernst P B, Crowe S E, Reyes V E. How does Helicobacter pylori cause mucosal damage? The inflammatory response. Gastroenterology 1997; 113: 535
  • Noach L A, Bosma N B, Jnes J, et al. Mucosal tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interieukin-1-beta, and interieukin-8 production in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1994; 29: 425
  • Crabtree J E, Lindley I J. Mucosal interieukin-8 and Helicobacter pylori-associated gastroduodenal disease. Eur. J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 1994; 6(suppl. 1)S-33
  • Pece S, Fumarola D, Giuliani G, et al. Activity in the limulus amebocyte lysate assay and induction of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α by diverse Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide preparations. J. Endotoxin Res. 1995; 2: 455
  • Mai V E, Perez-Perez G I, Wahl L M, et al. Soluble surface protein from Helicobacter pylori activate monocytes/macrophages by lipopolysaccharide-independent mechanism. J. Clin. Invest. 1991; 87: 894
  • Semeraro N, Montemurro P, Piccoli C, et al. Effect of Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS derivatives on the production of tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor type-2 by human blood mononuclear cells. J. Infect. Dis. 1996; 174: 1255
  • Nielsen H, Birkholz S, Andersen L P, et al. Neutrophil activation by Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide. J. Infect. Dis. 1994; 170: 137
  • Bliss C M, Jr., Golenbock D T, Keates S, et al. Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide binds to CD14 and stimulates release of interleukin-8, epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 by human monocytes. Infect. Immun. 1998; 66: 5357
  • Sakagami T, Vella J, Dixon M F, et al. The endotoxin of Helicobacter pylori is a modulator of host-dependent gastritis. Infect. Immun. 1997; 65: 3310
  • Agnihotri N, Bhasin D K, Vohra H, et al. Characterization of lymphocytic subsets and cytokine production in gastric biopsy samples from Helicobacter pylori patients. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1998; 33: 704
  • Hatz R A, Meimarakis G, Bayerdorffer E, et al. Characterization of lymphocytic infiltrates in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1996; 31: 222
  • Bamford K B, Fan X, Crowe S E, et al. Lymphocytes in the human gastric mucosa during Helicobacter pylori have a T helper cell 1 phenotype. Gastroenterology 1998; 114: 482
  • Sommer F, Faller G, Konturek P, et al. Antrum-and corpus mucosa-infiltrating CD4+ lymphocytes in Helicobacter pylori gastritis display a Th1 phenotype. Infect. Immun. 1998; 66: 5543
  • Lindholm C, Quiding-Jarbrink M, Lonroth H, et al. Local cytokine response in Helicobacter pylori-infected subjects. Infect. Immun. 1998; 66: 5964
  • Karttunen R A, Karttunen T J, Yousfi M M, et al. Expression of mRNA for interferon-gamma, interleukin-10, and interleukin-12 (p40) in normal gastric mucosa and in mucosa infected with Helicobacter pylori. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1997; 32: 22
  • D'elios M M, Manghetti M, De Carli M, et al. T helper 1 effector cells specific for Helicobacter pylori in the gastric antrum of patients with pepetic ulcer disease. J. Immunol. 1997; 158: 962
  • Pece S, Giuliani G, Ricci P, et al. INF-γ and IL-4 release by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with Helicobacter pylori-related gastropathy. Irish J. Med. 1997; 166(suppl. 3)22
  • Mohammadi M, Nedrud J, Redline R, et al. Murine CD4 T-cell response to Helicobacter infection: Th1 cells enhance gastritis and Th2 cells reduce bacterial load. Gastroenterology 1997; 113: 1848
  • Lee C K, Weltzin R, Thomas W D, et al. Oral immunization with recombinant Helicobacter pylori urease induces secretory IgA antibodies and protects mice from challenge with Helicobacter felis. J. Infect. Dis. 1995; 172: 161
  • Whary M T, Morgan T J, Dangler C A, et al. Chronic active hepatitis induced by Helicobacter hepaticus in the A/JC2 mouse is associated with a Th1 cell-mediated immune response. Infect. Immun. 1998; 66: 3142
  • Fan X, Crowe S E, Behar S, et al. The effect of class II Major Histocompatibility Complex expression on adherence of Helicobacter pylori and induction of apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells: a mechanism for T helper cell type-1-mediated damage. J. Exp. Med. 1998; 187: 1659
  • Mattsson A, Quihing-Jarbrink M, Lonroth H, et al. Antibody secreting-cells in the stomachs of symptomatic and asymptomatic Helicobacter pylori-infected subjects. Infect. Immun. 1998; 66: 2705
  • Ando T, Kusugami K, Ohsuga M, et al. Differential normalization of mucosal interleukin-8 and interleukin-6 activity after Helicobacter pylori eradication. Infect. Immun. 1998; 65: 4742
  • Pece S, Messa C, Caccavo D, et al. Serum antibody response against Helicobacter pylori NCTC 11637 smooth-and-rough-lipopolysaccharide phenotypes in patients with H. pylori-related gastropathy. J. Endotoxin Res. 1997; 4: 384
  • Appelmek B J, Simoons-Smith I, Negrini R, et al. Potential role of molecular mimicry between Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide and host Lewis blood group antigens in autoimmunity. Infect. Immun. 1996; 64: 2037
  • Amano K-I, Hayasashi S, Kubota T, et al. Reactivity of Lewis antigen monoclonal antibodies with the lipopolysaccharides of Helicobacter pylori strains isolated from patients with gastroduodenal diseases in Japan. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 1997; 4: 540
  • Yokota S-I, Amano K-I, Hayashi S., et al. Human antibody response to Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharide: presence of an immunodominant epitope in the polysaccharide chain of lipopolysaccharide. Infect. Immun. 1998; 66: 3006
  • Blaser M J, Parsonnet J. Parisitism by “slow” bacterium Helicobacter pylori leads to altered gastric homeostatis and neoplasia. J. Clin. Invest. 1994; 94: 4
  • Zucca E, Bertonni F, Roggero E, et al. Molecular analysis of the progression from Helicobacter pylori. Associated chronic gastritis to mucosa-associated lymphoid-tissue lymphoma of the stomach. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998; 338: 804
  • Hunter T. Protein kinases and phosphates: the yin and yang of protein phosphorylation and signaling. Cell 1995; 80: 225
  • Pece S, Di Candia P S, Giuliani G, et al. In vitro induction of tyrosine-phosphorylation of host cell proteins upon H. pylori exposure. The fifth conference of the International Endotoxin Society. September, 12-15. Santa Fe, New MexicoUSA 1998; 115, abstract
  • De Bernard M, Burroni D, Papini E, et al. Identification of the Helicobacter pylori Vac A toxin domain active in the cell cytosol. Infect. Immun. 1998; 66: 6014
  • Massari P, Manetti R, Burroni D, et al. Binding of Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin to target cells. Infect. Immun. 1998; 66: 3981
  • Engstrand L. Potential animal models of Helicobacter pylori infection in immunological and vaccine research. FEMS Immunol. Med. Microbiol. 1995; 10: 265
  • Wirth H-P, Beins M H, Yang M., et al. Experimental infection of mongolian gerbils with wild-type and mutant Helicobacter pylori strains. Infect. Immun. 1998; 66: 4856

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.