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Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Volume 21, 2009 - Issue sup3
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Review Article

Health-based Provisional Advisory Levels (PALs) for homeland security

Femi AdeshinaNational Homeland Security Research Center, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, District of Columbia, USACorrespondence[email protected]
,
Cynthia Sonich-MullinNational Homeland Security Research Center, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
,
Robert H. RossToxicology and Hazard Assessment Group, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
&
Carol S. WoodToxicology and Hazard Assessment Group, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
Pages 12-16 | Published online: 09 Oct 2009

References

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  • ATSDR (Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry). 1996. Minimal Risk Levels for priority substances and guidance for derivation. Fed Reg 61:25873–25882.
  • Barnes DG, Dourson M. 1988. Reference Dose (RfD): Description and use in health risk assessments. Reg Toxicol. Pharm. 8:471–486.
  • CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). 1990. Availability of Document and request for Comments on “Results of a Workshop Meeting to Discuss Protection of Public Health and Safety During Reentry into Areas Potentially Contaminated with a Lethal Chemical Agent (GB, VX, or Mustard Agent). Fed. Reg.53:289-40–289-41.
  • Craig DK, Davis JS, Hansen DJ, Petrocchi AJ, Powell TJ, Tuccinadi TE Jr. 2000. Derivation of Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELS). J Appl Toxicol 20:11–20.
  • Dourson ML. 1993. Reference Dose of the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Scand J Work Environ Health 19(Suppl 1):115–118.
  • NRC (National Research Council). 2001. Standing Operating Procedures for Developing Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Hazardous Chemicals. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 1989. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund. Vol. 1. Human Health Evaluation Manual (Interim Final). EPA/540/1-89/002. Washington, DC.
  • Woodall GM. 2005. Acute health reference values: Overview, perspective, and current forecast of needs. J Toxicol Environ Health A 68:901–926.

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