Publication Cover
Inhalation Toxicology
International Forum for Respiratory Research
Volume 24, 2012 - Issue 5
438
Views
14
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Exposure to and deposition of fine and ultrafine particles in smokers of menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes

, , , , , & show all
Pages 255-269 | Received 21 Nov 2011, Accepted 13 Feb 2012, Published online: 10 Apr 2012

References

  • Adam T, McAughey J, McGrath C, Mocker C, Zimmermann R. 2009. Simultaneous on-line size and chemical analysis of gas phase and particulate phase of cigarette mainstream smoke. Anal Bioanal Chem 394:1193–1203.
  • Adam T, McAughey J, Mocker C, McGrath C, Zimmermann R. 2010. Influence of filter ventilation on the chemical composition of cigarette mainstream smoke. Anal Chim Acta 657:36–44.
  • Ahijevych K, Garrett BE. 2004. Menthol pharmacology and its potential impact on cigarette smoking behavior. Nicotine Tob Res 6 Suppl 1:S17–S28.
  • Ahijevych K, Parsley LA. 1999. Smoke constituent exposure and stage of change in black and white women cigarette smokers. Addict Behav 24:115–120.
  • Anderson PJ, Wilson JD, Hiller FC. 1989. Particle size distribution of mainstream tobacco and marijuana smoke. Analysis using the electrical aerosol analyzer. Am Rev Respir Dis 140:202–205.
  • Armitage AK, Dixon M, Frost BE, Mariner DC, Sinclair NM. 2004a. The effect of inhalation volume and breath-hold duration on the retention of nicotine and solanesol in the human respiratory tract and on subsequent plasma nicotine concentrations during cigarette smoking. Beitr Tabakforsch Int 21:240–249.
  • Armitage AK, Dixon M, Frost BE, Mariner DC, Sinclair NM. 2004b. The effect of tobacco blend additives on the retention of nicotine and solanesol in the human respiratory tract and on subsequent plasma nicotine concentrations during cigarette smoking. Chem Res Toxicol 17:537–544.
  • Baker RR, Dixon M. 2006. The retention of tobacco smoke constituents in the human respiratory tract. Inhal Toxicol 18:255–294.
  • Baker RR. 1999. Smoke Chemistry, in Tobacco: Production, Chemistry, and Technology. In: Davis LD, Nielsen MT, (eds). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science. pp 398–439.
  • Baumberger JP. 1923. The amount of smoke produced from tobacco and its absorption in smoking as determined by electrical precipitation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 21:47–57.
  • Benowitz NL. 2001. Compensatory smoking of low yield cigarettes. In: Risks Associated with Smoking Cigarettes with Low Machine-Yields of Tar and Nicotine. NCI Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda (MD): US Department of Health and Human Services. pp 39–63.
  • Benowitz NL, Jacob P 3rd, Herrera B. 2006. Nicotine intake and dose response when smoking reduced-nicotine content cigarettes. Clin Pharmacol Ther 80:703–714.
  • Benowitz NL, Jacob P 3rd, Bernert JT, Wilson M, Wang L, Allen F, Dempsey D. 2005. Carcinogen exposure during short-term switching from regular to “light” cigarettes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 14:1376–1383.
  • Bernert JT, Gordon SM, Jain RB, Brinkman MC, Sosnoff CS, Seyler TH, Xia Y, McGuffey JE, Ashley DL, Pirkle JL, Sampson EJ. 2009. Increases in tobacco exposure biomarkers measured in non-smokers exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke under controlled conditions. Biomarkers 14:82–93.
  • Bernstein DM. 2004. A review of the influence of particle size, puff volume, and inhalation pattern on the deposition of cigarette smoke particles in the respiratory tract. Inhal Toxicol 16:675–689.
  • Borgerding MF, Bodnar JA, Chung HL, Mangan PP, Morrison CC, Risner CH, Rogers JC, Simmons DF, Uhrig MS, Wendelboe FN, Wingate DE, Winkler LS. 1998. Chemical and biological studies of a new cigarette that primarily heats tobacco. Part 1. Chemical composition of mainstream smoke. Food Chem Toxicol 36:169–182.
  • CDC. 2002. Exposure of Nonsmokers to Sidestream Smoke in an Environmental Chamber. Task Order No. 25, Battelle Contract 200-98-0102. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
  • Chuang JC, Kuhlman MR, Wilson NK. 1990. Evaluation of methods for simultaneous collection and determination of nicotine and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in indoor air. Environ Sci Technol 24:661–665.
  • Chuang JC, Wilson NK, Lewis RG. 1999a. Methodology of ambient air monitoring for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Fresenius Envir Bull 8:547–556.
  • Chuang JC, Lyu C, Chou Y-L, Callahan PJ, Nishioka M, Andrews K, Pollard MA, Brackney L, Hines C, Davis DB, Menton R. 1999b. Evaluation and Application of Methods for Estimating Children’s Exposure to Persistent Organic Pollutants in Multiple Media. EPA/600/R-98/164a, EPA/600/R-98/164b, and EPA/600/R-98/164c (Volume I, II, and III).
  • Counts ME, Hsu FS, Laffoon SW, Dwyer RW, Cox RH. 2004. Mainstream smoke constituent yields and predicting relationships from a worldwide market sample of cigarette brands: ISO smoking conditions. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 39:111–134.
  • Daigle CC, Chalupa DC, Gibb FR, Morrow PE, Oberdörster G, Utell MJ, Frampton MW. 2003. Ultrafine particle deposition in humans during rest and exercise. Inhal Toxicol 15:539–552.
  • Dixon M, Derrick MJ. 1986. The monitoring of puffing and inhaling patterns of consumers of middle and low tar delivery cigarettes, British American Tobacco Technical Memorandum No. 86.09.011. http://tobaccodocuments.org/bat_cdc/8652.html
  • Dixon M, Derrick M. 1984. Respiratory pattern monitoring during cigarette smoking, British American Tobacco Report No. RD 1948. http://legacy.library.ucsf.edu/tid/zll13f00
  • Feng S, Plunkett SE, Lam K, Kapur S, Muhammad R, Jin Y, Zimmermann M, Mendes P, Kinser R, Roethig HJ. 2007. A new method for estimating the retention of selected smoke constituents in the respiratory tract of smokers during cigarette smoking. Inhal Toxicol 19:169–179.
  • FTC. 2000. Report of Tar, Nicotine, and Carbon Monoxide of the Smoke of 1294 Varieties of Domestic Cigarettes for the Year 1998. U.S. Federal Trade Commission.
  • FTC. 2011. Cigarette Report for 2007 and 2008. U.S. Federal Trade Commission. 2011.
  • Giovino GA, Sidney S, Gfroerer JC, O’Malley PM, Allen JA, Richter PA, Cummings KM. 2004. Epidemiology of menthol cigarette use. Nicotine Tob Res 6 Suppl 1:S67–S81.
  • Gordon SM, Wallace LA, Brinkman MC, Callahan PJ, Kenny DV. 2002. Volatile organic compounds as breath biomarkers for active and passive smoking. Environ Health Perspect 110:689–698.
  • Gordon SM, Brinkman MC, Meng RQ, Anderson GM, Chuang JC, Kroeger RR, Reyes IL, Clark PI. 2011. Effect of cigarette menthol content on mainstream smoke emissions. Chem Res Toxicol 24:1744–1753.
  • Hatsukami DK, Hecht SS, Hennrikus DJ, Joseph AM, Pentel PR. 2003. Biomarkers of tobacco exposure or harm: application to clinical and epidemiological studies. 25-26 October 2001, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Nicotine Tob Res 5:387–396.
  • Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Chen M, Dor Koch JF, Miller AT, Murphy SE, Jensen JA, Zimmerman CL, Hatsukami DK. 1999. Quantitation of urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen after smoking cessation. Cancer Res 59:590–596.
  • Heck JD. 2009. Smokers of menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes exhibit similar levels of biomarkers of smoke exposure. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:622–629.
  • Hinds W, First MW, Huber GL, Shea JW. 1983. A method for measuring respiratory deposition of cigarette smoke during smoking. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 44:113–118.
  • Hoffmann D, Hoffmann I, El-Bayoumy K. 2001. The less harmful cigarette: a controversial issue. a tribute to Ernst L. Wynder. Chem Res Toxicol 14:767–790.
  • Hughes JR, Hecht SS, Carmella SG, Murphy SE, Callas P. 2004. Smoking behaviour and toxin exposure during six weeks use of a potential reduced exposure product: Omni. Tob Control 13:175–179.
  • IARC. 2004. International Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans. Lyon (France): IARC; Vol 83.
  • ICRP. 1994. Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection. New York: Elsevier Science Ltd..
  • Ingebrethsen BJ. 1986. Evolution of the particle size distribution of mainstream cigarette smoke during a puff. Aerosol Sci Technol 5:423–433.
  • Ingebrethsen BJ. 1989. The physical properties of mainstream cigarette smoke and their relationship to deposition in the respiratory tract. In: Crapo JD, Smolko ED, Miller FJ, Graham JA, Haye AW, (eds). Extrapolation of Dosimetric Relationships for Inhaled Particles and Gases. Chapter 12. New York, U.S.A: Academic Press. pp 125–141.
  • ISO. 2009. “Workplace atmospheres − Controlling and characterizing errors in weighing collected aerosols,” ISO 15767:2009(E), second edition, 2003-06-01, 2009.
  • Jaques PA, Kim CS. 2000. Measurement of total lung deposition of inhaled ultrafine particles in healthy men and women. Inhal Toxicol 12:715–731.
  • Jarvik ME, Tashkin DP, Caskey NH, McCarthy WJ, Rosenblatt MR. 1994. Mentholated cigarettes decrease puff volume of smoke and increase carbon monoxide absorption. Physiol Behav 56:563–570.
  • Jenkins RA, Guerin MR, Tomkins BA. 2000. The Chemistry of Environmental Tobacco Smoke: Composition and Measurement; 2nd Edition. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.
  • Kane DB, Asgharian B, Price OT, Rostami A, Oldham MJ. 2010. Effect of smoking parameters on the particle size distribution and predicted airway deposition of mainstream cigarette smoke. Inhal Toxicol 22:199–209.
  • Keskinen J, Pietarinen K, Lehtimäki M. 1992. Electrical Low Pressure Impactor. J Aerosol Sci 23:353–360.
  • Lazaridis M, Broday DM, Hov O, Georgopoulos PG. 2001. Integrated exposure and dose modeling and analysis system. 3. Deposition of inhaled particles in the human respiratory tract. Environ Sci Technol 35:3727–3734.
  • Longest PW, Xi J. 2008. Condensational growth may contribute to the enhanced deposition of cigarette smoke particles in the upper respiratory tract. Aerosol Sci Technol 42:579–602.
  • Man CN, Gam LH, Ismail S, Lajis R, Awang R. 2006. Simple, rapid and sensitive assay method for simultaneous quantification of urinary nicotine and cotinine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 844:322–327.
  • Marian C, O’Connor RJ, Djordjevic MV, Rees VW, Hatsukami DK, Shields PG. 2009. Reconciling human smoking behavior and machine smoking patterns: implications for understanding smoking behavior and the impact on laboratory studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:3305–3320.
  • Melikian AA, Djordjevic MV, Chen S, Richie J Jr, Stellman SD. 2007. Effect of delivered dosage of cigarette smoke toxins on the levels of urinary biomarkers of exposure. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 16:1408–1415.
  • Mitchell RI. 1962. Controlled measurement of smoke-particle retention in the respiratory tract. Am Rev Respir Dis 85:526–533.
  • Morawska L, Barron W, Hitchins J. 1999. Experimental deposition of environmental tobacco smoke submicrometer particulate matter in the human respiratory tract. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 60:334–339.
  • Mustonen TK, Spencer SM, Hoskinson RA, Sachs DP, Garvey AJ. 2005. The influence of gender, race, and menthol content on tobacco exposure measures. Nicotine Tob Res 7:581–590.
  • Oberdörster G, Sharp Z, Atudorei V, Elder A, Gelein R, Kreyling W, Cox C. 2004. Translocation of inhaled ultrafine particles to the brain. Inhal Toxicol 16:437–445.
  • Pankow JF. 2001. A consideration of the role of gas/particle partitioning in the deposition of nicotine and other tobacco smoke compounds in the respiratory tract. Chem Res Toxicol 14:1465–1481.
  • Polydorová M. 1961. An attempt to determine the retention of tobacco smoke by means of membrane filters. In: Davies CN, (ed). Inhaled Particles and Vapours. Oxford: U.K. Pergamon. pp 142–147.
  • Polzin GM, Wu W, Yan X, McCraw JM, Abdul-Salaam S, Tavakoli AD, Zhang L, Ashley DL, Watson CH. 2009. Estimating smokers’ mouth-level exposure to select mainstream smoke constituents from discarded cigarette filter butts. Nicotine Tob Res 11:868–874.
  • Robinson RJ, Yu CP. 2001. Deposition of cigarette smoke particles in the human respiratory tract. Aerosol Sci Technol 34:202–215.
  • Roethig HJ, Munjal S, Feng S, Liang Q, Sarkar M, Walk RA, Mendes PE. 2009. Population estimates for biomarkers of exposure to cigarette smoke in adult U.S. cigarette smokers. Nicotine Tob Res 11:1216–1225.
  • Sarkar M, Kapur S, Frost-Pineda K, Feng S, Wang J, Liang Q, Roethig H. 2008. Evaluation of biomarkers of exposure to selected cigarette smoke constituents in adult smokers switched to carbon-filtered cigarettes in short-term and long-term clinical studies. Nicotine Tob Res 10:1761–1772.
  • Scherer G. 2005. Biomonitoring of inhaled complex mixtures–ambient air, diesel exhaust and cigarette smoke. Exp Toxicol Pathol 57 Suppl 1:75–110.
  • Scherer G. 1999. Smoking behaviour and compensation: a review of the literature. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 145:1–20.
  • Shepperd CJ, Eldridge AC, Mariner DC, McEwan M, Errington G, Dixon M. 2009. A study to estimate and correlate cigarette smoke exposure in smokers in Germany as determined by filter analysis and biomarkers of exposure. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 55:97–109.
  • Siegel M, Nelson DE, Peddicord JP, Merritt RK, Giovino GA, Eriksen MP. 1996. The extent of cigarette brand and company switching: results from the Adult Use-of-Tobacco Survey. Am J Prev Med 12:14–16.
  • Stratton K, Shetty P, Wallace R, Bondurant S, (eds.). 2001. Clearing the Smoke: Assessing the Science Base for Tobacco Harm Reduction. Institute of Medicine (IOM). Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
  • Swauger JE, Steichen TJ, Murphy PA, Kinsler S. 2002. An analysis of the mainstream smoke chemistry of samples of the U.S. cigarette market acquired between 1995 and 2000. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 35:142–156.
  • van Dijk WD, Gopal S, Scheepers PT. 2011. Nanoparticles in cigarette smoke; real-time undiluted measurements by a scanning mobility particle sizer. Anal Bioanal Chem 399:3573–3578.
  • Xia Y, Bernert JT, Jain RB, Ashley DL, Pirkle JL. 2011. Tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in smokers in the United States: NHANES 2007-2008. Biomarkers 16:112–119.
  • Xia Y, McGuffey JE, Bhattacharyya S, Sellergren B, Yilmaz E, Wang L, Bernert JT. 2005. Analysis of the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in urine by extraction on a molecularly imprinted polymer column and liquid chromatography/atmospheric pressure ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 77:7639–7645.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.