Efficiency of log wood combustion affects the toxicological and chemical properties of emission particles

References

• Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pober JS. (2007). Cellular and molecular immunology. 5th edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company.
   Google Scholar
• Allen RW, Mar T, Koenig J, Liu LJ, Gould T, Simpson C, Larson T. 2008. Changes in lung function and airway inflammation among asthmatic children residing in a woodsmoke-impacted urban area. Inhal Toxicol 20:423–433.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bari MA, Baumbach G, Brodbeck J, Struschka M, Kuch B, Dreher W, Scheffknecht G. 2011. Characterisation of particulates and carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in wintertime wood-fired heating in residential areas. Atmos Environ 45:7627–7634.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Becker S, Dailey LA, Soukup JM, Grambow SC, Devlin RB, Huang YC. 2005. Seasonal variations in air pollution particle-induced inflammatory mediator release and oxidative stress. Environ Health Perspect 113:1032–1038.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belleudi V, Faustini A, Stafoggia M, Cattani G, Marconi A, Perucci CA, Forastiere F. 2010. Impact of fine and ultrafine particles on emergency hospital admissions for cardiac and respiratory diseases. Epidemiology 21:414–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boman BC, Forsberg AB, Järvholm BG. 2003. Adverse health effects from ambient air pollution in relation to residential wood combustion in modern society. Scand J Work Environ Health 29:251–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brook RD, Rajagopalan S, Pope CA 3rd, Brook JR, Bhatnagar A, Diez-Roux AV, Holguin F, Hong Y, Luepker RV, Mittleman MA, Peters A, Siscovick D, Smith SC Jr, Whitsel L, Kaufman JD; American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention, Council on the Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease, and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism. 2010. Particulate matter air pollution and cardiovascular disease: An update to the scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation 121:2331–2378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danielsen PH, Loft S, Kocbach A, Schwarze PE, Møller P. 2009. Oxidative damage to DNA and repair induced by Norwegian wood smoke particles in human A549 and THP-1 cell lines. Mutat Res 674:116–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Danielsen PH, Møller P, Jensen KA, Sharma AK, Wallin H, Bossi R, Autrup H, Mølhave L, Ravanat JL, Briedé JJ, de Kok TM, Loft S. 2011. Oxidative stress, DNA damage, and inflammation induced by ambient air and wood smoke particulate matter in human A549 and THP-1 cell lines. Chem Res Toxicol 24:168–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Darzynkiewicz Z, Bruno S, Del Bino G, Gorczyca W, Hotz MA, Lassota P, Traganos F. 1992. Features of apoptotic cells measured by flow cytometry. Cytometry 13:795–808.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Delfino RJ, Sioutas C, Malik S. 2005. Potential role of ultrafine particles in associations between airborne particle mass and cardiovascular health. Environ Health Perspect 113:934–946.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson K, Mills N, MacNee W, Robinson S, Newby D. 2005. Role of inflammation in cardiopulmonary health effects of PM. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 207:S483–S488.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Frey AK, Tissari J, Saarnio KM, Timonen HJ, Tolonen-Kivimäki O, Aurela MA, Saarikoski SK, Makkonen U, Hytönen K, Jokiniemi J, Salonen RO, Hillamo REJ. 2009. Chemical composition and mass size distribution of fine particulate matter emitted by a small masonry heater. Boreal Environ Res 14:225–271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fuentes-Mattei E, Rivera E, Gioda A, Sanchez-Rivera D, Roman-Velazquez FR, Jimenez-Velez BD. 2010. Use of human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) to study immunological markers resulting from exposure to PM(2.5) organic extract from Puerto Rico. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 243:381–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghio AJ. 2008. Mechanism of asthmatic exacerbation by ambient air pollution particles. Expert Rev Respir Med 2:109–118.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Halliwell B, Cutteridge JMC, editors. (2007). Free radicals in biology and medicine. 4th edition. New York: Oxford University Press Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Hänninen O, Knol A. 2011. EBoDE-Report. Environmental Perspectives on Environmental Burden of Disease. Estimates for Nine Stressors in Six European Countries., Helsinki, Finland.
   Google Scholar
• Happo MS, Hirvonen MR, Halinen AI, Jalava PI, Pennanen AS, Sillanpaa M, Hillamo R, Salonen RO. 2008. Chemical compositions responsible for inflammation and tissue damage in the mouse lung by coarse and fine particulate samples from contrasting air pollution in Europe. Inhal Toxicol 20:1215–1231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Happo MS, Salonen RO, Hälinen AI, Jalava PI, Pennanen AS, Kosma VM, Sillanpää M, Hillamo R, Brunekreef B, Katsouyanni K, Sunyer J, Hirvonen MR. 2007. Dose and time dependency of inflammatory responses in the mouse lung to urban air coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles from six European cities. Inhal Toxicol 19:227–246.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalava P, Salonen RO, Hälinen AI, Sillanpää M, Sandell E, Hirvonen MR. 2005. Effects of sample preparation on chemistry, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory responses induced by air particulate matter. Inhal Toxicol 17:107–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalava PI. 2012. In vitro toxicological characterization of particulate emissions from residential biomass heating systems based on old and new technologies. Atmos Environ 50:24–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalava PI, Salonen RO, Hälinen AI, Penttinen P, Pennanen AS, Sillanpää M, Sandell E, Hillamo R, Hirvonen MR. 2006. In vitro inflammatory and cytotoxic effects of size-segregated particulate samples collected during long-range transport of wildfire smoke to Helsinki. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 215:341–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalava PI, Salonen RO, Pennanen AS, Happo MS, Penttinen P, Hälinen AI, Sillanpää M, Hillamo R, Hirvonen MR. 2008. Effects of solubility of urban air fine and coarse particles on cytotoxic and inflammatory responses in RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 229:146–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalava PI, Salonen RO, Pennanen AS, Sillanpää M, Hälinen AI, Happo MS, Hillamo R, Brunekreef B, Katsouyanni K, Sunyer J, Hirvonen MR. 2007. Heterogeneities in inflammatory and cytotoxic responses of RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line to urban air coarse, fine, and ultrafine particles from six European sampling campaigns. Inhal Toxicol 19:213–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalava PI, Tapanainen M, Kuuspalo K, Markkanen A, Hakulinen P, Happo MS, Pennanen AS, Ihalainen M, Yli-Pirilä P, Makkonen U, Teinilä K, Mäki-Paakkanen J, Salonen RO, Jokiniemi J, Hirvonen MR. 2010a. Toxicological effects of emission particles from fossil- and biodiesel-fueled diesel engine with and without DOC/POC catalytic converter. Inhal Toxicol 22 Suppl 2:48–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jalava PI, Salonen RO, Nuutinen K, Pennanen AS, Happo MS, Tissari J, Frey A, Hillamo R, Jokiniemi J, Hirvonen MR. 2010b. Effect of combustion condition on cytotoxic and inflammatory activity of residential wood combustion particles. Atmos Environ 44:1691–1698.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karlsson HL, Ljungman AG, Lindbom J, Möller L. 2006. Comparison of genotoxic and inflammatory effects of particles generated by wood combustion, a road simulator and collected from street and subway. Toxicol Lett 165:203–211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knaapen AM, Borm PJ, Albrecht C, Schins RP. 2004. Inhaled particles and lung cancer. Part A: mechanisms. Int J Cancer 109:799–809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocbach A, Herseth JI, Låg M, Refsnes M, Schwarze PE. 2008a. Particles from wood smoke and traffic induce differential pro-inflammatory response patterns in co-cultures. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 232:317–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kocbach A, Namork E, Schwarze PE. 2008b. Pro-inflammatory potential of wood smoke and traffic-derived particles in a monocytic cell line. Toxicology 247:123–132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamberg H, Nuutinen K, Tissari J, Ruusunen J, Yli-Pirilä P, Sippula O, Tapanainen M, Jalava P, Makkonen U, Teinilä K, Saarnio K, Hillamo R, Hirvonen MR, Jokiniemi J. 2011. Physicochemical characterization of fine particles from small-scale wood combustion. Atmos Environ 45:7635–7643.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leonard SS, Wang S, Shi X, Jordan BS, Castranova V, Dubick MA. 2000. Wood smoke particles generate free radicals and cause lipid peroxidation, DNA damage, NFκB activation and TNF-α release in macrophages. Toxicology 150:147–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lucas M, Stuart LM, Savill J, Lacy-Hulbert A. 2003. Apoptotic cells and innate immune stimuli combine to regulate macrophage cytokine secretion. J Immunol 171:2610–2615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merolla L, Richards RJ. 2005. In vitro effects of water-soluble metals present in UK particulate matter. Exp Lung Res 31:671–683.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills PR, Davies RJ, Devalia JL. 1999. Airway epithelial cells, cytokines, and pollutants. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 160:S38–S43.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mirabelli MC, Künzli N, Avol E, Gilliland FD, Gauderman WJ, McConnell R, Peters JM. 2009. Respiratory symptoms following wildfire smoke exposure: airway size as a susceptibility factor. Epidemiology 20:451–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mosmann T. 1983. Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65:55–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh SM, Kim HR, Park YJ, Lee SY, Chung KH. 2011. Organic extracts of urban air pollution particulate matter (PM2.5)-induced genotoxicity and oxidative stress in human lung bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells). Mutat Res 723:142–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pakkanen TA, Loukkola K, Korhonen CH, Aurela M, Mäkelä T, Hillamo RE, Aarnio P, Koskentalo T, Kousa A, Maenhaut, W. 2001. Sources and chemical composition of atmospheric fine and coarse particles in the Helsinki area. Atmos Environ 35:5381–5391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risom L, Møller P, Loft S. 2005. Oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by particulate air pollution. Mutat Res 592:119–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruusunen J, Tapanainen M, Sippula O, Jalava PI, Lamberg H, Nuutinen K, Tissari J, Ihalainen M, Kuuspalo K, Mäki-Paakkanen J, Hakulinen P, Pennanen A, Teinilä K, Makkonen U, Salonen RO, Hillamo R, Hirvonen MR, Jokiniemi J. 2011. A novel particle sampling system for physico-chemical and toxicological characterization of emissions. Anal Bioanal Chem 401:3183–3195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh NP. 1998. A rapid method for the preparation of single-cell suspensions from solid tissues. Cytometry 31:229–232.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tapanainen M, Jalava PI, Mäki-Paakkanen J, Hakulinen P, Happo MS, Lamberg H, Ruusunen J, Tissari J, Nuutinen K, Yli-Pirilä P, Hillamo R, Salonen RO, Jokiniemi J, Hirvonen MR. 2011. In vitro immunotoxic and genotoxic activities of particles emitted from two different small-scale wood combustion appliances. Atmos Environ 45:7546–7554.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teinilä K, Kerminen VM, Hillamo R. 2000. A study of size-segregated aerosol chemistry in the Antarctic atmosphere. J Geophys Res 105:3893–3904.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tekpli X, Rissel M, Huc L, Catheline D, Sergent O, Rioux V, Legrand P, Holme JA, Dimanche-Boitrel MT, Lagadic-Gossmann D. 2010. Membrane remodeling, an early event in benzo[a]pyrene-induced apoptosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 243:68–76.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tice RR, Agurell E, Anderson D, Burlinson B, Hartmann A, Kobayashi H, Miyamae Y, Rojas E, Ryu JC, Sasaki YF. 2000. Single cell gel/comet assay: guidelines for in vitro and in vivo genetic toxicology testing. Environ Mol Mutagen 35:206–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tissari J, Lyyränen J, Hytönen K, Sippula O, Tapper U, Frey A, Saarnio K, Pennanen AS, Hillamo R, Salonen RO, Hirvonen MR, Jokiniemi J. 2008. Fine particle and gaseous emissions from normal and smouldering wood combustion in a conventional masonry heater. Atmos Environ 42:7862–7873.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2009, U.S. EPA. Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter (Final Report), Washigton, DC.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 2003. Health Aspects of Air Pollution with Particulate Matter, Ozone and Nitrogen Dioxide. Report on a WHO working group, Bonn, Germany.
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. 1998. Selected non-heterocyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Environmental Health Criteria 202. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO International Program on Chemical Safety (IPCS).
   Google Scholar