Egilman’s assessment regarding exposures of auto mechanics to amphiboles is not accurate

References

• ACGIH. 1955. Report of the Commitee on Thresholds Limits in Transactions of the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Buffalo, NY. April 23–26, pp. 44–46.
   Google Scholar
• Addison J, McConnell EE. 2008. A review of carcinogenicity studies of asbestos and non-asbestos tremolite and other amphiboles. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 52:S187–S199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson AE, Gealer RL, McCune RC, Sprys JW. 1973. Asbestos emissions from brake dynamometer tests. SAE Paper No. 730549. New York, NY: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Anderson A. 2003. In the Superior Court of the State of Washington in and for the County of King. Judy Arndt, as Personal Representative for the Estate of Chris Hilsenbeck, Plaintiff, vs. Alliedsignal, Inc., et al., Defendants. The Videotaped Deposition of Arnold Anderson, Taken at 3022 Rosemond Drive, Franklin, Michigan, Commencing at 1:40 p.m., Saturday, February 8, 2003, before Susan L. Lowry, CSR-2636.
   Google Scholar
• ATS (American Thoracic Society). 1990. Health effects of tremolite. Am Rev Respir Dis 142:1453–1458.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• ATSDR. 2001. Toxicological profile for asbestos. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), Public Health Service, Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry.
   Google Scholar
• Blake CL, Dotson GS, Harbison RD. 2006. Assessment of airborne asbestos exposure during the servicing and handling of automobile asbestos-containing gaskets. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 45:214–222.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blake CL, Van Orden DR, Banasik M, Harbison RD. 2003. Airborne asbestos concentration from brake changing does not exceed permissible exposure limit. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 38:58–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boelter F, Spencer J. 2003. Caterpillar equipment study: An evaluation of airborne asbestos exposure during maintenance and repair of Caterpillar equipment. Peoria, IL.
   Google Scholar
• Boelter FW, Crawford GN, Podraza DM. 2002. Airborne fiber exposure assessment of dry asbestos-containing gaskets and packings found in intact industrial and maritime fittings. AIHA J 63:732–740.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borg Warner. 1992. Borg Warner Interrogatories: Letter to C. Andrew Waters, Re: All Asbestos-Related Personal Injury or Death Cases Filed or To Be Filed in Dallas County, Texas, From Elizabeth L. Phifer. Dallas, Texas.
   Google Scholar
• Borg Warner. 1995. Borg Warner Corporation’s First Amended Responses to Plaintiffs’ Master Interrogatories and Request for Production to Defendants, In Re: All Asbestos-Related Personal Injury or Death Cased Filed or to be Filed in Dallas County, Texas. Dallas, Texas.
   Google Scholar
• Borg Warner. 2006. Amended responses to interrogatories regarding Borg-Warner’s use of crocidolite asbestos fibers in automatic transmission parts. In reply: All asbestos litigation filed by SimmonaCooper, LLC, Plaintiffs-A.W. Chesterton, et al. In the Circuit Court Thurd Judicial Circuit Madison County, Illinois In: Re: All Asbestos Litigation Field by Simmons Cooper LLC, Plaintiffs, A.W. Chesterton, et al. defendants. In the Circuit Court, Third Judicial Circuit, Madison County, IL, Interrogatory Response No. 2, March 31, 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Butnor KJ, Sharma A, Sporn TA, Roggli VL. 2002. Malignant mesothelioma and occupational exposure to asbestos: An analysis of 1445 Cases. Ann Occup Hyg 46:150–153.
   Google Scholar
• Candela P, Crumpett D, Earnest D, Frank M, Wylie A. 2007. Low-presure decomposition of chrysotile as a function of time and temperature. Amer Mineral 92:1704–1713.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng RT, McDermott HJ. 1991. Exposure to asbestos from asbestos gaskets. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 6:588–591.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen HJ, Van Orden DR. 2008. Asbestos exposures of mechanics performing clutch service on motor vehicles. J Occup Environ Hyg 5:148–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• CPSC (Consumer Product Safety Commission). 1988. Briefing package of the CPSC Office of the Secretary on a petition to ban play sand with non-asbestiform tremolite. U.S. Product Safety (ed.).
   Google Scholar
• Egilman D. 2012. Report of a recent “brake” through in the fiber burden-mesothelioma dialogue. Inhal Toxicol 24:136–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrell EA. 1970. Marketing of Asbestos. Soc Mining Engineers 247:128–132.
   Google Scholar
• Finley B, Galbraith D, Paustenbach D. 2011. Asbestos litigation today: The top five fallacies perpetuated by experts. For the Defense March: 24–82.
   Google Scholar
• Fowler DP. 2000. Exposures to asbestos arising from bandsawing gasket material. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 15:404–408.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hatfield R, Longo W, Newton L, Templin J. 2003. Letter to the Editor: Asbestos exposure from gasket removal. AIHA J (Fairfax, Va) 64:595–597.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hickish DE. 1968. Exposure to asbestos during the servicing of brakes of passenger cars. Allen Park, MI: Ford Motor Company.
   Google Scholar
• Hickish DE, Knight KL. 1970. Exposure to asbestos during brake maintenance. Ann Occup Hyg 13:17–21.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer). 2012. Asbestos (chrysotile, amosite, crocidolite, tremolite, actinolite, and anthophyllite. In: IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans: A Review of Human Carcinogens: Arsenic, Metals, Fibres, and Dusts, Volume 100-C. Lyon, France: IARC. pp. 219–295.
   Google Scholar
• Ilgren EB. 2004. The biology of cleavage fragments: A brief synthesis and analysis of current knowledge. Indoor Built Environ 13:343–356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacko MG, DuCharme RT, Somers JH. 1973. Brake and clutch emissions generated during vehicle operation, SAE Paper No. 730548. New York, NY: Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Jiang GC, Madl AK, Ingmundson KJ, Murbach DM, Fehling KA, Paustenbach DJ, Finley BL. 2008. A study of airborne chrysotile concentrations associated with handling, unpacking, and repacking boxes of automobile clutch discs. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 51:87–97.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashansky SV, Domnin SG, Kochelayev VA, Monakhov DD, Kogan FM. 2001. Retrospective view of airborne dust levels in workplace of a chrysotile mine in Ural, Russia. Ind Health 39:51–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer AM, McCaughey WT. 1982. Mesothelioma in a brake repair worker. Lancet 2:1101–1103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liukonen LR, Weir FW. 2005. Asbestos exposure from gaskets during disassembly of a medium duty diesel engine. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 41:113–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longo WE, Egeland WB, Hatfield RL, Newton LR. 2002. Fiber release during the removal of asbestos-containing gaskets: a work practice simulation. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 17:55–62.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lynch JR. 1968. Brake lining decomposition products. J Air Pollut Control Assoc 18:824–826.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Madl AK, Clark K, Paustenbach DJ. 2007. Exposure to airborne asbestos during removal and installation of gaskets and packings: a review of published and unpublished studies. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 10:259–286.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Madl AK, Scott LL, Murbach DM, Fehling KA, Finley BL, Paustenbach DJ. 2008. Exposure to chrysotile asbestos associated with unpacking and repacking boxes of automobile brake pads and shoes. Ann Occup Hyg 52:463–479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangold C, Clark K, Madl A, Paustenbach D. 2006. An exposure study of bystanders and workers during the installation and removal of asbestos gaskets and packing. J Occup Environ Hyg 3:87–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh GM, Youk AO, Roggli VL. 2011. Asbestos fiber concentrations in the lungs of brake repair workers: commercial amphiboles levels are predictive of chrysotile levels. Inhal Toxicol 23:681–688.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKinnery W, Moore R. 1992. Evaluation of airborne asbestos fiber levels during removal and installation of valve gaskets and packing. AIHA J 53:531–532.
   Google Scholar
• Millette JR. 2008a. Analysis of Chrysler brake for asbestos. Report of Results MVA7380. Edited by MVA Scientific Consultants.
   Google Scholar
• Millette JR. 2008b. Analysis of Ford & Delco brakes for asbestos. Report of Results MVA7040. Edited by MVA Scientific Consultants.
   Google Scholar
• Millette JR. 2008c. Analysis of Ford brakes for asbestos. Report of Results MVA7380. Edited by MVA Scientific Consultants.
   Google Scholar
• Millette JR. 2008d. Analysis of General Motors brakes for asbestos. Report of Results MVA7380. Edited by MVA Scientific Consultants.
   Google Scholar
• Millette JR. 2008e. Analysis of Mercedes Brake Parts for Asbestos. Edited by MVA Scientific Consultants.
   Google Scholar
• Millette JR. 2008f. Fiber release during the sanding of brakes. Report of Results MVA7040. Edited by MVA Scientific Consultants.
   Google Scholar
• NIOSH. 1994. NIOSH Method 9002: Asbestos bulk by polarized light microscopy (PLM). NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods. DHHS Publication No. 94–113. Washington, DC: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
   Google Scholar
• OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration). 1992. 29 CFR Parts 1910 and 1926, Occupational exposure to asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite and actinolite; Final rule. 57 FR 24310–24331.
   Google Scholar
• Paustenbach DJ, Madl AK, Donovan E, Clark K, Fehling K, Lee TC. 2006. Chrysotile asbestos exposure associated with removal of automobile exhaust systems (ca. 1945-1975) by mechanics: results of a simulation study. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 16:156–171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paustenbach DJ, Richter RO, Finley BL, Sheehan PJ. 2003. An evaluation of the historical exposures of mechanics to asbestos in brake dust. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 18:786–804.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• RJ Lee Group Inc. 2004. Observations during inspection of manual transmissions. Project: LSH307891.
   Google Scholar
• Rosato DV. 1959. Friction Materials (Chapter 7). In Asbestos: Its industrial applications. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation.
   Google Scholar
• Sheehy JW, Cooper TC, O’Brien DM, McGlothlin JD, Froehlich PA. 1989. Control of asbestos exposure during brake drum service. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Services (DHHS), Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
   Google Scholar
• Sherr JH. 2011. Deposition testimony as Corporate Designee of Maremont Corporation. Edward Neff, et al. vs. American Honda Motor Company, Inc., et al. Case Number: 24-X-09-000185. In the Circuit Court for Baltimore City, May 6, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Spence SK, Rocchi PS. 1996. Exposure to asbestos fibres during gasket removal. Ann Occup Hyg 40:583–588.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Orden DR. 2009. Brake Pad Testing. Edited by RJ Lee Group.
   Google Scholar
• Virta RLAsbestos: Geology, Mineralogy, Mining, and Uses. Reston, VA: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS).
   Google Scholar
• Vu VT. 1993. Regulatory Approaches to Reduce Human Health Risks Associated With Exposures to Mineral Fibers. In: Guthrie JR, GD and Mossman, BT. (eds.) Health Effects of Mineral Dusts. Washington DC: Mineralogical Society of America.
   Google Scholar
• Weir FW, Tolar G, Meraz LB. 2001. Characterization of vehicular brake service personnel exposure to airborne asbestos and particulate. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 16:1139–1146.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• WTO (World Trade Organization). 2001. European Communities-Measures Affecting Asbestos and Asbestos-Containing Products (WT/DS135) In: Dispute Setttlement Reports 2001: Cambridge University Press. page 3622.
   Google Scholar
• Yeung P, Patience K, Apthorpe L, Willcocks D. 1999. An Australian study to evaluate worker exposure to chrysotile in the automotive service industry. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 14:448–457.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar