Toxicological evaluation of aerosols of a tobacco extract formulation and nicotine formulation in acute and short-term inhalation studies

References

• Bridges AB, Hill A, Belch JJ. (1993). Cigarette smoking increases white blood cell aggregation in whole blood. J R Soc Med 86:139–40
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burger GT, Renne RA, Sagartz JW, et al. (1989). Histologic changes in the respiratory tract induced by inhalation of xenobiotics: physiologic adaptation or toxicity? Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 101:521–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmines EL, Gaworski CL. (2005). Toxicological evaluation of glycerin as a cigarette ingredient. Food Chem Toxicol 43:1521–39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmines EL, Lemus R, Gaworski CL. (2005). Toxicologic evaluation of licorice extract as a cigarette ingredient. Food Chem Toxicol 43:1303--22
   Google Scholar
• Coggins CR, Ayres PH, Mosberg AT, et al. (1989). Ninety-day inhalation study in rats, comparing smoke from cigarettes that heat tobacco with those that burn tobacco. Fundam Appl Toxicol 13:460–83
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ernst E. (1995). Haemorheological consequences of chronic cigarette smoking. J Cardiovasc Risk 2:435–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Flouris AD, Poulianiti KP, Chorti MS, et al. (2012). Acute effects of electronic and tobacco cigarette smoking on complete blood count. Food Chem Toxicol 50:3600–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenspan BJ, Moss OR, Wehner AP, et al. (1988). Inhalation studies of humectant aerosols in rats (abstract only). Toxicologist 8:255
   Google Scholar
• Gupta R, Hindle M, Byron PR, et al. (2003). Investigation of a novel aerosol condensation generator: solute and solvent effects. Aerosol Sci Technol 37:672–81
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Howell TM, Sweeney WR. (1998). Aerosol and a method and apparatus for generating an aerosol. US Patent 5,743,251. Philip Morris Incorporated, New York, NY. April 28, 1998
   Google Scholar
• Kyerematen GA, Taylor LH, deBethizy JD, Vesell ES. (1988). Pharmacokinetics of nicotine and 12 metabolites in the rat. Application of a new radiometric high performance liquid chromatography assay. Drug Metab Dispos 16:125–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melekhov MG, Liukova TK, Aref'eva TI. (2006). Nicotine effect on cell immunity in rats with adjuvant induced monoarthritis. Ross Fiziol Zh Im I M Sechenova 92:799–805
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Menache MG, Miller FJ, Raabe OG. (1995). Particle inhalability curves for humans and small laboratory animals. Ann Occup Hyg 39:317--28
   Google Scholar
• Mikura S, Wada H, Higaki M, et al. (2011). Erythromycin prevents the pulmonary inflammation induced by exposure to cigarette smoke. Transl Res 158:30–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Research Council, The National Academy of Sciences (NRC). (2001). Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press
   Google Scholar
• Nichols WA, Cox KA, Nguyen TT. (2004). Dual capillary fluid vaporizing device. US Patent 6715487
   Google Scholar
• OECD. (1981). Test Guideline 403. OECD guideline for testing of chemicals. Acute inhalation toxicity testing, Paris, France
   Google Scholar
• O’Flynn RP, de Pace DM. (1987). The effects of noradrenalin on reticulocytes in albino rats. J Auton Pharmacol 7:33–9
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Oloris SC, Frazer-Abel AA, Jubala CM, et al. (2010). Nicotine-mediated signals modulate cell death and survival of T lymphocytes. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 242:299–309
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pham S, Nguyen TN. (2005). The aerosolization of cromolyn sodium using a capillary aerosol generator. WIPO Patent PCT/US2004/013897. March 7, 2005
   Google Scholar
• Raabe OG, Al-Bagati MA, Teague SV, Rasolt A. (1988). Regional deposition of inhaled monodisperse coarse and fine aerosol particles in small laboratory animals. Ann Occup Hyg 32(Suppl. 1):53--63
   Google Scholar
• Renne R. (1992). Two-week and 13-week inhalation studies of aerosolized glycerol in rats. Inhal Toxicol 4:95–111
   Google Scholar
• Renne RA, Gideon KM. (2006). Types and patterns of response in the larynx following inhalation. Toxicol Pathol 34:281--5
   Google Scholar
• Renne RA, Yoshimura H, Yoshino K, et al. (2006). Effects of flavoring and casing ingredients on the toxicity of mainstream cigarette smoke in rats. Inhal Toxicol 18:685--706
   Google Scholar
• Robertson OH, Loosli CG, Puck TT, et al. (1947). Tests for the chronic toxicity of propylene glycol and triethylene glycol on monkeys and rats by vapor inhalation and oral administration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 91:52–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen X, Hindle M, Byron PR. (2004). Effect of energy on propylene glycol aerosols using the capillary aerosol generator. Int J Pharmaceutics 275:249–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suber RL, Deskin R, Nikiforov I, et al. (1989). Subchronic nose-only inhalation study of propylene glycol in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Chem Toxicol 27:573–83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Miert E, Vanscheeuwijck P, Meurrens K, et al. (2008). Evaluation of the micronucleus assay in bone marrow and peripheral blood of rats for the determination of cigarette mainstream-smoke activity. Mutation Res 652:131–8
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vanscheeuwijck PM, Teredesai A, Terpstra PM, et al. (2002). Evaluation of the potential effects of ingredients added to cigarettes. Part 4: subchronic inhalation toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 40:113–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanVunakis H, Gjika HB, Langone JJ. (1987). Method 16 – radioimmunoassay for nicotine and cotinine, environmental carcinogens, methods of analysis and exposure measurement. Vol. 9, Passive smoking, international agency for research on cancer. Scientific Publications No. 81. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press
   Google Scholar
• Wan WY, Morris A, Kinnear G, et al. (2010). Pharmacological characterisation of anti-inflammatory compounds in acute and chronic mouse models of cigarette smoke-induced inflammation. Respir Res 11:126--36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Werley MS, McDonald P, Lilly P, et al. (2011). Non-clinical safety and pharmacokinetic evaluations of propylene glycol aerosol in Sprague–Dawley rats and Beagle dogs. Toxicology 287:76–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar