252
Views
7
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Paper

Growth without growth hormone: can growth and differentiation factor 5 be the mediator?

, , , &
Pages 309-318 | Received 02 Jun 2015, Accepted 10 Aug 2015, Published online: 22 Sep 2015

References

  • Al-Qattan MM, Al-Motairi MI, Al Balwi MA. 2015. Two novel homozygous missense mutations in the GDF5 gene cause brachydactyly type C. Am J Med Genet A 167:1621--1626
  • Asahina I, Sampath TK, Hauschka PV. 1996. Human osteogenic protein-1 induces chondroblastic, osteoblastic, and/or adipocytic differentiation of clonal murine target cells. Exp Cell Res 222:38–47
  • Ben-Eliezer M, Phillip M, Gat-Yablonski G. 2007. Leptin regulates chondrogenic differentiation in ATDC5 cell-line through JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways. Endocrine 32:235–244
  • Berendsen AD, Olsen BR. 2014. Osteoblast-adipocyte lineage plasticity in tissue development, maintenance and pathology. Cell Mol Life Sci 71:493--497
  • Burton GR, Nagarajan R, Peterson CA, McGehee RE Jr. 2004. Microarray analysis of differentiation-specific gene expression during 3T3-L1 adipogenesis. Gene 329:167–185
  • Buxton P, Edwards C, Archer CW, Francis-West P. 2001. Growth/differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) and skeletal development. J Bone Joint Surg Am 83-A:S23–S30
  • Chagin AS, Karimian E, Sundstrom K, Eriksson E, Savendahl L. 2010. Catch-up growth after dexamethasone withdrawal occurs in cultured postnatal rat metatarsal bones. J Endocrinol 204:21–29
  • Chen X, Zankl A, Niroomand F, Liu Z, Katus HA, Jahn L, Tiefenbacher C. 2006. Upregulation of ID protein by growth and differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) through a smad-dependent and MAPK-independent pathway in HUVSMC. J Mol Cell Cardiol 41:26–33
  • Chomczynski P, Sacchi N. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal Biochem 162:156–159
  • Coleman CM, Tuan RS. 2003. Growth/differentiation factor 5 enhances chondrocyte maturation. Dev Dyn 228:208–216
  • De Luca F, Uyeda JA, Mericq V, Mancilla EE, Yanovski JA, Barnes KM, Zile MH, Baron J. 2000. Retinoic acid is a potent regulator of growth plate chondrogenesis. Endocrinology 141:346–353
  • Douzgou S, Lehmann K, Mingarelli R, Mundlos S, Dallapiccola B. 2008. Compound heterozygosity for GDF5 in Du Pan type chondrodysplasia. Am J Med Genet A 146:2116–2121
  • Ducy P, Karsenty G. 2000. The family of bone morphogenetic proteins. Kidney Int 57:2207–2214
  • Elinav E, Niv-Spector L, Katz M, Price TO, Ali M, Yacobovitz M, Solomon G, et al. 2009. Pegylated leptin antagonist is a potent orexigenic agent: Preparation and mechanism of activity. Endocrinology 150:3083–3091
  • Erlacher L, McCartney J, Piek E, ten Dijke P, Yanagishita M, Oppermann H, Luyten FP. 1998. Cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins and osteogenic protein-1 differentially regulate osteogenesis. J Bone Miner Res 13:383–392
  • Even-Zohar N, Jacob J, Amariglio N, Rechavi G, Potievsky O, Phillip M, Gat-Yablonski G. 2008. Nutrition-induced catch-up growth increases hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha RNA levels in the growth plate. Bone 42:505–515
  • Everman DB, Bartels CF, Yang Y, Yanamandra N, Goodman FR, Mendoza-Londono JR, Savarirayan R, et al. 2002. The mutational spectrum of brachydactyly type C. Am J Med Genet 112:291–296
  • Faiyaz-Ul-Haque M, Ahmad W, Wahab A, Haque S, Azim AC, Zaidi SH, Teebi AS, et al. 2002. Frameshift mutation in the cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein 1 (CDMP1) gene and severe acromesomelic chondrodysplasia resembling Grebe-type chondrodysplasia. Am J Med Genet 111:31–37
  • Gat-Yablonski G, Lazar L, Bar M, de Vries L, Weintrob N, Phillip M. 2009. Growth without growth hormone and similar dysmorphic features in three patients with sporadic combined pituitary hormone deficiencies. Horm Res 72:302–309
  • Gat-Yablonski G, Phillip M. 2008. Leptin and regulation of linear growth. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 11:303–308
  • Geffner ME. 1996. The growth without growth hormone syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 25:649–663
  • Green H, Kehinde O. 1975. An established preadipose cell line and its differentiation in culture. II. Factors affecting the adipose conversion. Cell 5:19–27
  • Green H, Meuth M. 1974. An established pre-adipose cell line and its differentiation in culture. Cell 3:127–133
  • Havel PJ. 2002. Control of energy homeostasis and insulin action by adipocyte hormones: Leptin, acylation stimulating protein, and adiponectin. Curr Opin Lipidol 13:51–59
  • Hinoi E, Iezaki T, Fujita H, Watanabe T, Odaka Y, Ozaki K, Yoneda Y. 2014a. PI3K/Akt is involved in brown adipogenesis mediated by growth differentiation factor-5 in association with activation of the Smad pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 450:255–260
  • Hinoi E, Iezaki T, Ozaki K, Yoneda Y. 2014b. Nuclear factor-kappaB is a common upstream signal for growth differentiation factor-5 expression in brown adipocytes exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines and palmitate. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 452:974–979
  • Hinoi E, Nakamura Y, Takada S, Fujita H, Iezaki T, Hashizume S, Takahashi S, et al. 2014c. Growth differentiation factor-5 promotes brown adipogenesis in systemic energy expenditure. Diabetes 63:162–175
  • Itoh S, Kanno S, Gai Z, Suemoto H, Kawakatsu M, Tanishima H, Morimoto Y, et al. 2008. Trps1 plays a pivotal role downstream of Gdf5 signaling in promoting chondrogenesis and apoptosis of ATDC5 cells. Genes Cells 13:355–363
  • Jenner JM, van Eijk F, Saris DB, Willems WJ, Dhert WJ, Creemers LB. 2007. Effect of transforming growth factor-beta and growth differentiation factor-5 on proliferation and matrix production by human bone marrow stromal cells cultured on braided poly lactic-co-glycolic acid scaffolds for ligament tissue engineering. Tissue Eng 13:1573–1582
  • Lazar L, Dan S, Phillip M. 2003. Growth without growth hormone: Growth pattern and final height of five patients with idiopathic combined pituitary hormone deficiency. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 59:82–88
  • Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. 2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods 25:402–408
  • Maor G, Rochwerger M, Segev Y, Phillip M. 2002. Leptin acts as a growth factor on the chondrocytes of skeletal growth centers. J Bone Miner Res 17:1034–1043
  • Mikic B, Clark RT, Battaglia TC, Gaschen V, Hunziker EB. 2004. Altered hypertrophic chondrocyte kinetics in GDF-5 deficient murine tibial growth plates. J Orthop Res 22:552–556
  • Miyamoto Y, Mabuchi A, Shi D, Kubo T, Takatori Y, Saito S, Fujioka M, et al. 2007. A functional polymorphism in the 5' UTR of GDF5 is associated with susceptibility to osteoarthritis. Nat Genet 39:529–533
  • Molina H, Yang Y, Ruch T, Kim JW, Mortensen P, Otto T, Nalli A, et al. 2009. Temporal profiling of the adipocyte proteome during differentiation using a five-plex SILAC based strategy. J Proteome Res 8:48–58
  • Nakamura K, Shirai T, Morishita S, Uchida S, Saeki-Miura K, Makishima F. 1999. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase functionally contributes to chondrogenesis induced by growth/differentiation factor-5 in ATDC5 cells. Exp Cell Res 250:351–363
  • Nickel J, Kotzsch A, Sebald W, Mueller TD. 2005. A single residue of GDF-5 defines binding specificity to BMP receptor IB. J Mol Biol 349:933–947
  • Norman D, Isidori AM, Frajese V, Caprio M, Chew SL, Grossman AB, Clark AJ, et al. 2003. ACTH and alpha-MSH inhibit leptin expression and secretion in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: Model for a central-peripheral melanocortin-leptin pathway. Mol Cell Endocrinol 200:99–109
  • Pei Z, Yang Y, Kiess W, Sun C, Luo F. 2014. Dynamic profile and adipogenic role of growth differentiation factor 5 (GDF5) in the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 560:27–35
  • Pelleymounter MA, Cullen MJ, Baker MB, Hecht R, Winters D, Boone T, Collins F. 1995. Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice. Science 269):540–543
  • Phillip M, Moran O, Lazar L. 2002. Growth without growth hormone. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 15:1267–1272
  • Pond CM. 2005. Adipose tissue and the immune system. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 73:17–30
  • Reynard LN, Bui C, Syddall CM, Loughlin J. 2014. CpG methylation regulates allelic expression of GDF5 by modulating binding of SP1 and SP3 repressor proteins to the osteoarthritis susceptibility SNP rs143383. Hum Genet 133:1059–1073
  • Sammar M, Stricker S, Schwabe GC, Sieber C, Hartung A, Hanke M, Oishi I, et al. 2004. Modulation of GDF5/BRI-b signalling through interaction with the tyrosine kinase receptor Ror2. Genes Cells 9:1227–1238
  • Seemann P, Schwappacher R, Kjaer KW, Krakow D, Lehmann K, Dawson K, Stricker S, et al. 2005. Activating and deactivating mutations in the receptor interaction site of GDF5 cause symphalangism or brachydactyly type A2. J Clin Invest 115:2373–2381
  • Somjen D, Tordjman K, Waisman A, Mor G, Amir-Zaltsman Y, Kohen F, Kaye AM. 1997. Estrogen stimulation of creatine kinase B specific activity in 3T3L1 adipocytes after their differentiation in culture: Dependence on estrogen receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 62:401–408
  • Soukas A, Socci ND, Saatkamp BD, Novelli S, Friedman JM. 2001. Distinct transcriptional profiles of adipogenesis in vivo and in vitro. J Biol Chem 276:34167–34174
  • Storm EE, Huynh TV, Copeland NG, Jenkins NA, Kingsley DM, Lee SJ. 1994. Limb alterations in brachypodism mice due to mutations in a new member of the TGF beta-superfamily. Nature 368:639–643
  • Tsumaki N, Tanaka K, Arikawa-Hirasawa E, Nakase T, Kimura T, Thomas JT, Ochi T, et al. 1999. Role of CDMP-1 in skeletal morphogenesis: Promotion of mesenchymal cell recruitment and chondrocyte differentiation. J Cell Biol 144:161–173
  • Turner RT, Kalra SP, Wong CP, Philbrick KA, Lindenmaier LB, Boghossian S, Iwaniec UT. 2013. Peripheral leptin regulates bone formation. J Bone Miner Res 28:22–34
  • Yoon BS, Pogue R, Ovchinnikov DA, Yoshii I, Mishina Y, Behringer RR, Lyons KM. 2006. BMPs regulate multiple aspects of growth-plate chondrogenesis through opposing actions on FGF pathways. Development 133:4667–4678
  • Zeng Q, Li X, Beck G, Balian G, Shen FH. 2007. Growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) stimulates osteogenic differentiation and increases vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in fat-derived stromal cells in vitro. Bone 40:374–381

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.