Differential Inhibition by Cyclosporin A Reveals two Pathways for Activation of Lymphokine Synthesis in T Cells

References

• Barlow D. P., Bucan M., Lehrach H., Hogan B. L. M., Gough N. M. Close genetic and physical linkage between the murine haemopoietic growth factor genes GMCSF and Multi-CSF (IL3). EMBO J. 1987; 6: 617–623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benedict S. H., Mills G. B., Gelfand E. W. Interleukin 2 activates a receptor-associated protein kinase. J. Immunol. 1987; 139: 1694–1697
   Google Scholar
• Bickel M., Tsuda H., Amstad P., Evequoz V., Mergenhagen S. E., Wahl S. M., Pluznik D. H. Differential regulation of colony-stimulating factors and interleukin 2 production by cyclosporin A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1987; 84: 3274–3277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Britton S., Palacios R. Cyclosporin A—usefulness, risks and mechanism of action. Immunol. Rev. 1982; 65: 5–22
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chan J. Y., Slamon D J., Nimer S. D., Golde D. W., Gasson J. C. Regulation of expression of human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1986; 83: 8669–8673
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeLamarter J. F., Mermod J.-J., Liang C.-M., Eliason J. F., Thatcher D. R. Recombinant murine GM-CSF from E coli has biological activity and is neutralised by a specific antiserum. EMBO J. 1985; 4: 2575–2581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dunn D. E., Herold K. C., Otten G. R., Lancki D. W., Gajewski T., Vogel S. N., Fitch F. W. Interleukin 2 and concanavalin A stimulate interferon-γ production in a murine cytolytic T cell clone by different pathways. J. Immunol. 1987; 139: 3942–3948
   Google Scholar
• Elliott J F., Lin Y., Mizel S. B., Bleackley R. C., Harnish D. G., Paetkau V. Induction of interleukin 2 messenger RNA inhibited by cyclosporin A. Science 1984; 226: 1439–1441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farrar W. L., Taguchi M. Interleukin 2 stimulation of protein kinase C membrane association: evidence for IL-2 receptor phosphorylation. Lymphokine Res. 1985; 4: 87–93
   Google Scholar
• Farrar W. L., Birchenall-Sparks M. C., Young H. B. Interleukin 2 induction of interferon-γ mRNA synthesis. J. Immunol. 1986; 137: 3836–3840
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fujita T., Shibuya H., Ohashi T., Yamanishi K., Taniguchi T. Regulation of human interleukin-2 gene: functional DNA sequences in the 5′ flanking region for the gene expression in activated T lymphocytes. Cell 1986; 46: 401–407
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gaulton G. N., Eardley D. D. Interleukin 2-dependent phosphorylation of interleukin 2 receptors and other T cell membrane proteins. J. Immunol. 1986; 136: 2470–2477
   Google Scholar
• Gough N. M. Rapid and quantitative preparation of cytoplasmic RNA from small numbers of cells. Anal Biochem. 1988; 173: 93–95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gough N. M., Metcalf D., Gough J., Grail D., Dunn A. R. Structure and expression of the mRNA for murine granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor. EMBO J. 1985; 4: 645–653
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Granelli-Piperno A., Inaba K., Steinman R. M. Stimulation of lymphokine release from T lymphoblasts. Requirement for mRNA synthesis and inhibition by cyclosporin A. J. Exp. Med. 1984; 160: 1792–1802
   Google Scholar
• Gray P. W., Goeddel D. V. Cloning and expression of murine immune interferon cDNA. Proc. Nail. Acad. Sci. USA 1983; 80: 5842–5846
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haeuptle M.-T., Flint N., Gough N. M., Dobberstein B. A tripartite structure of the signals that determine protein insertion into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. J. Cell. Biol. 1989, in press
   Google Scholar
• Harris D. T., Kozumbo W. J., Cerutti P. A., Cerottini J.-C. Mechanism of cyclosporin A-induced immunosuppression. Cyclosporin A inhibits receptor-mediated and non-receptor-mediated lymphokine production as well as interleukin-2-induced proliferation in cloned T lymphocytes. Cell. Immunol. 1987; 109: 104–114
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Harris D. T., Kozumbo W. J., Testa J. E., Cerutti P. A., Cerottini J.-C. Molecular mechanisms involved in T cell activation. Ill. The role of extracellular calcium in antigen-induced lymphokine production and interleukin 2-induced proliferation of cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 1988; 140: 921–927
   Google Scholar
• Hecht T. T., Longo D. L., Matis L. A. The relationship between immune interferon production and proliferation in antigen-specific, MHC-restricted T cell lines and clones. J. Immunol. 1983; 131: 1049–1055
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heckford S. E., Gelmann E. P., Agnor C. L., Jacobson S., Zinn S., Matis L. A. Distinct signals are required for proliferation and lymphokine gene expression in murine T cell clones. J. Immunol. 1986; 137: 3652–3663
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herold K. C., Lancki D. W., Moldwin R. L., Fitch F. W. Immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporin A on cloned T cells. J. Immunol. 1986; 136: 1315–1321
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Imboden J. B., Stobo J. D. Transmembrane signalling by the T cell antigen receptor. Perturbation of the T3-antigen receptor complex generates inositol phosphates and releases calcium ions from intracellular stores. J. Exp. Med. 1985; 161: 446–456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kasahara T., Hooks J. J., Dougherty S. F., Oppenheim J. J. Interleukin 2-mediated immune interferon (IFN-γ) production by human T cells and T cell subsets. J. Immunol. 1983; 130: 1784–1789
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelso A., Owens T. Production of two hemopoietic growth factors is differentially regulated in single T lymphocytes activated with an anti-T cell receptor antibody. J. Immunol. 1988; 140: 1159–1167
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelso A., Metcalf D., Gough N. M. Independent regulation of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and multi-lineage colony-stimulating factor production in T lymphocyte clones. J. Immunol. 1986; 136: 1718–1725
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelso A., Gough N. M., Metcali D. Production of hemopoietic colony stimulating factors by murine T lymphocytes. Lymphokines and the Immune Response, S. Cohen. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL 1989, in press
   Google Scholar
• Kindler V., Thorens B., de Kossodo S., Allet B., Eliason J. F., Thatcher D., Farber N., Vassalli P. Stimulation of hematopoiesis in vivo by recombinant bacterial murine interleukin 3. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1986; 83: 1001–1005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kozumbo W. J., Harris D. T., Gromkowski S., Cerottini J.-C., Cerutti P. A. Molecular mechanisms involved in T cell activation. II. The phosphatidylinositol signal-transducing mechanism mediates antigen-induced lymphokine production but not interleukin 2-induced proliferation in cloned cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Immunol. 1987; 138: 606–612
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krönke M., Leonard W. J., Depper J. M., Arya S. K., Wong-Staal F., Gallo R. C., Waldmann T. A., Greene W. C. Cyclosporin A inhibits T-cell growth factor gene expression at the level of mRNA transcription. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1984; 81: 5214–5218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leo O., Foo M., Sachs D. H., Samelson L. E., Bluestone J. A. Identification of a monoclonal antibody specific for a murine T3 polypeptide. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1987; 84: 1374–1378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manger B., Hardy K. J., Weiss A., Stobo J. D. Differential effect of cyclosporin A on activation signaling in human T cell lines. J. Clin. Invest. 1986; 77: 1501–1506
   Google Scholar
• Metcalfe S. Cyclosporine does not prevent cytoplasmic calcium changes associated with lymphocyte activation. Transplantation 1984; 38: 161–164
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mills G. B., Cheung R. K., Grinstein S., Gelfand E. Interleukin 2-induced lymphocyte proliferation is independent of increases in cytosolic-free calcium concentrations. J. Immunol. 1985; 134: 2431–2435
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mills G. B., Stewart D. J., Mellors A., Gelfand E. W. Interleukin 2 does not induce phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis in activated T cells. J. Immunol 1986; 136: 3019–3024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishizuka Y. Studies and perspectives of protein kinase C. Science 1986; 233: 305–312
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Orosz C. G., Roopenian D. C., Widmer M. B., Bach F. H. Analysis of cloned T cell function. II. Differential blockade of various cloned T cell functions by cyclosporine. Transplantation 1983; 36: 706–711
   Google Scholar
• Owens T., Miller J. F. A.P. Interaction in vivo between hapten-specific suppressor T cells and an in vitro cultured helper T cell line. J. Immunol. 1987; 138: 1687–1692
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parnes J. R., Seidman J. G. Structure of wild-type and mutant mouse β,-microglobulin genes. Cell 1982; 29: 661–669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quesniaux V. F. J., Schreier M. H., Wenger R. M., Hiestand P. C., Harding M. W., Van Regenmortel M. H. V. Cyclophilin binds to the region of cyclosporine involved in its immunosuppressive activity. Eur. J. Immunol. 1987; 17: 1359–1365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenberg S. A., Grimm E. A., McGrogan M., Doyle M., Kawasaki E., Koths K., Mark D. F. Biological activity of recombinant human interleukin-2 produced in Escherichia coli. Science 1984; 223: 1412–1415
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Samelson L. E., Harford J., Schwartz R. H., Klausner R. D. A 20-KDa protein associated with the murine T-cell antigen receptor is phosphorylated in response to activation by antigen or concanavalin A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1985; 82: 1969–1973
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shackelford D. A., Trowbridge I. S. Induction of expression and phosphorylation of the human interleukin 2 receptor by a phorbol diester. J. Biol. Chem. 1984; 259: 11706–11712
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shannon M. F., Gamble J. R., Vadas M. A. Nuclear proteins interacting with the promoter region of the human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1988; 85: 674–678
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staerz U. D., Rammensee H.-G., Benedetto J. D., Bevan M. J. Characterization of a murine monoclonal antibody specific for an allotypic determinant on T cell antigen receptor. J. Immunol. 1985; 134: 3994–4000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor M. V., Metcalfe J. C., Hesketh T. R., Smith G. A., Moore J. P. Mitogens increase phosphorylation of phosphoinositides in thymocytes. Nature 1984; 312: 462–465
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Truneh A., Albert F., Golstein P., Schmitt-Verhulst A. Early steps of lymphocyte activation bypassed by synergy between calcium ionophores and phorbol ester. Nature 1985; 313: 318–320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss A., Imboden J., Shoback D., Stobo J. Role of T3 surface molecules in human T-cell activation: T3-dependent activation results in an increase in cytoplasmic free calcium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1984; 81: 4169–4173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiskocil R., Weiss A., Imboden J., Kamin-Lewis R., Stobo J. Activation of a human T cell line: a two-stimulus requirement in the pretranslational events involved in the coordinate expression of interleukin 2 and γ-interferon genes. J. Immunol. 1985; 134: 1599–1603
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang Y.-C., Kovacic S., Kriz R., Wolf S., Clark S. C., Wellems T. E., Nienhuis A., Epstein N. The human genes for GM-CSF and IL-3 are closely linked in tandem on chromosome 5. Blood 1988; 71: 958–961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar