12
Views
24
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Multiple Transcription Start Sites in the Rat Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Gene Give Rise to IGF-I mRNAs that Encode Different IGF-I Precursors and are Processed Differently In Vitvo

, , &
Pages 205-221 | Received 17 Mar 1993, Accepted 25 Apr 1993, Published online: 11 Jul 2009

References

  • Adamo M., Lowe W., LeRoith D., Roberts C. Insulin-like growth factor I messenger ribonucleic acids with alternative 5′-untranslated regions are differentially expressed during development of the rat. Endocrinology 1989; 124: 2737–2744
  • Adamo M. L., Ben-Hur H., Roberts C. T., Jr., LeRoith D. (a) Regulation of start site usage in the leader exons of the rat insulin-like growth factor-1 gene by development, fasting, and diabetes. Mol. Endocrinol. 1991; 5: 1677–1686
  • Adamo M. L., Ben-Hur H., LeRoith D., Roberts C. T. (b) Transcription initiation in the two leader exons of the rat IGF-I gene occurs from disperse versus localized sites. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1991; 176: 887–893
  • Anderson C. W., Strauss J. W., Dudock B. S. Preparation of a cell-free protein-synthesizing system from wheat germ. Methods Enzymol. 1983; 101: 635–644
  • Bach M., Roberts C., Smith E., LeRoith D. Altemative splicing produces messenger RNAs encoding insulin-like growth factor-I prohormones that are differentially glycosy-lated. in vitro. Mol. Endocrinol. 1990; 4: 899–904
  • Beato M. Gene regulation by steroid hormones. Cell 1989; 56: 335–344
  • Benton W. D., Davis E. W. Screening Lgt recombinant clones by hybridization to single plaques. in situ. Science 1977; 196: 180–182
  • Berger S. L. Direct mapping of rare messenger RNAs by means of oligomer-directed ribonuclease H cleavage. Anal. Biochem. 1987; 161: 272–279
  • Bucci C., Mallucci P., Roberts C., Frunzio R., Bruni C. Nucleotide sequence of a genomic fragment of the rat IGF-I gene spanning an alternate 5′ non coding exon. Nucleic Acids Rex. 1989; 17: 3596
  • Casella S. J., Smith E. P., Van Wyk J. J., Joseph D. R., Hynes M. A., Hoyt E. C., Lund P. K. Isolation of rat testis cDNA encodmg an insulin-like growth factor I precursor. DNA 1987; 6: 325–330
  • Daughaday W. H., Rotwein P. Insulin-like growth factors I and II. Peptide, messenger ibonucleic acid and gene structures, serum, and tissue concentrations. Endocr. Rev. 1989; 10: 68–91
  • Frohman M. A., Dush M. K., Martin G. R. Rapid production of full-length cDNAs from rare transcripts: Amplification using a single gene-specific oligonucleotide primer. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1988; 85: 8998–9002
  • Hall L. J., Kajimoto Y., Bichell D., Kim S. W., James P. L., Counts D., Nixon L. J., Tobin G., Rotwein P. Functional analysis of the rat insulin-like growth factor I gene and identification of an IGF-I gene promoter. DNA and Cell Biol. 1992; 11: 301–312
  • Hepler J. E., Lund P. K. Molecular biology of the insulin-like growth factors: relevance to nervous system function. Molecular Neurobiology 1991; 2: 93–127
  • Holthuizen E., LeRoith D., Roberts C., Rotwein P., Spencer E. M., Sussenbach J. S. Revised nomenclature for the insulin-like growth factor genes and transcripts. Modern Concepts of Insulin-Like Growth Factors, E. M. Spencer, 1991; 733–736
  • Hoyt E. C., Van Wyk J. J., Lund P. K. Structural characterization of exon 6 of the rat IGF-I gene. DNA and Cell Biol. 1992; 11: 433–441
  • Hoyt E., Van Wyk J., Lund P. Tissue and development specific regulation of a complex family of rat insulin-like growth factor I messenger ribonucleic acids. Mol. Endocrinol. 1988; 2: 1077–1086
  • Hudgins W. R., Hampton B., Burgess W. H., Perdue J. F. Evidence for O-glycosylation of insulin-like growth factor II precursors. Modern Concepts of Insulin-Like Growth Factors, E. M. Spencer, 1991; 253–263
  • Hudgins W. R., Hampton B., Burgess W. H., Perdue J. F. The identification of o-glycosylated precursors of insulin-like growth factor 11. J. Biol. Chem. 1992; 267: 8153–8160
  • Humbel R. E. Insulin-like growth factors I and II. Eur. J. Biochem. 1990; 190: 445–462
  • Hynes M. A., Van Wyk J. J., Brooks P. J., D'Ercole A. J., Jansen M., Lund P. K. Growth hormone dependence of somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I and insulin-like growth factor II messenger ribonucleic acids. Mol. Endocrinol. 1987; 1: 233–242
  • Jansen E., Steenbergh P. H., LeRoith D., Roberts C. T., Sussenbach J. S. Identification of multiple transcription start sites in the human insulin-like growth factor-I gene. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 1991; 78: 115–125
  • Kajimoto Y., Rotwein P. Structure and expression of a chicken insulin-like growth factor I precursor. Mol. Endocrinol. 1989; 3: 1907–1913
  • Kajimoto Y., Rotwein P. Evolution of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) precursor from xenopus laevis. Mol. Endocrinol. 1990; 4: 217–226
  • Kato H., Miura Y., Okoshi A., Umezawa T., Takahashi S., Noguchi T. Dietary and hormonal factors affecting the mRNA level of IGF-I in rat liver in vivo and in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Molecular and Cellular Biology of Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Their Receptors, D. LeRoith, M. K. Raizada. Plenum Press. 1989; 125–128
  • Krawetz S. A., Narayanan A. S., Anwar R. A. In vitro translation of elastin mRNA and processing of the translated products and the signal sequence of elastin a. Can. J. Biochem Cell Biol. 1983; 61: 274–286
  • Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 1970; 227: 680–685
  • Lowe W. L., Roberts C. T., Jr., Lasky S. R., LeRoith D. Differential expression of alternative 5′ untranslated regions in mRNAs encoding rat insulin-like growth factor I. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1987; 84: 8946–8950
  • Lund P. K., Moats-Staats B. M., Hynes M. A., Simmons J. G., Jansen M., D'Ercole A. J., Van Wyk J. J. Somatomedin-C/IGF-I and IGF-II mRNAS in rat fetal and adult tissues. J. Biol. Chem. 1986; 261: 14539–14544
  • Lund P. K., Hoyt E. C., Van Wyk J. J. The size of heterogeneity of rat IGF-I mRNAs is due primarily to differences in the length of 3′ untranslated sequence. Mol. Endocrinol. 1989; 3: 2054–2061
  • Maurothalassitis G. J., Watson D. K., Papas T. S. Molecular and functional characterization of the promoter of ETS2, the human c-ets-2 gene. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1990; 87: 1047–1051
  • Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. A new method for sequencing DNA. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 1977; 74: 560–564
  • Muller M., Brem G. Nucleotide sequence of porcine insulin-like growth factor I:5′ untranslated region, exons 1 and 2 and mRNA. Nucl. Acids Res. 1990; 18: 364
  • Murphy L. J. Impaired estrogen-induced uterine insulin-like growth factor-I gene expression in the streptozotocin diabetic rat. Diabetologia 1988; 31: 842–847
  • Nielsen D., Shapiro D. Preparation of capped RNA transcripts using T7 RNA polymerase. Nucl. Acids Res. 1986; 14: 5936
  • Norrander J., Kempe T., Messing J. Construction of improved M13 vectors using oligodeoxyribonucleotide-duected mutagenesis. Gene 1983; 26: 101–106
  • Frats H., Kaghad M., Prats A. C., Klagsbrun M, Lelias J. M., Liauzun P., Chalon P., Tauber J. P., Amalric F., Smith J. A., Caput D. High molecular mass forms of basic fibroblast growth factor are intiated by alternative CUG codons. Proc. Natl Acud. Sci. USA 1989; 86: 1836–1840
  • Roberts C. T., Jr., Lasky S. R., Lower W. L., Jr., Seaman W. T., LeRoith D. (a) Molecular cloning of rat insulin-like growth factor I complementary deoxyribonucleic acids: differential messenger ribonucleic acid processing and regulation by growth hormone in extrahepatic tissues. Mol. Endocrinol. 1987; 1: 243–248
  • Roberts C. T., Jr., Lasky S. R., Lowe W. L., Jr., LeRoith D. (b) Rat IGF-I cDNAs contain multiple 5′-untranslated regions. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1987; 146: 1154–1159
  • Rotwein P., Folz R. J., Gordon J. I. Biosynthesis of human insulin-lie growth factor I (IGF-I). J Biol. Chem. 1987; 262: 11807–11812
  • Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc. Nut1 Acud. Sci. USA 1977; 74: 5463–5467
  • Shimatsu A., Rotwein P. Sequence of two rat insulin-like growth factor I mRNAs differing with the 5′ untranslated region. Nucl. Acids Res. 1987; 15: 7196
  • Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J. Mol. Biol. 1975; 98: 503–517
  • Tobin G., Yee D., Brunner N., Rotwein P. A novel human insulin-like growth factor I messenger RNA is expressed in normal and tumor cells. Mol. Endocrinol. 1990; 4: 1914–1920
  • Trimble R. B., Maley F. Optimizing hydrolysis of N-linked high-mannose oligosaccharides by endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H. Anal. Biochem. 1984; 141: 515–522
  • Walter P., Blobel G. Preparation of microsomal membranes for cotranslational protein translocation. Methods Enzymol. 1983; 96: 84–93
  • Wong E. A., Ohlsen S. M., Godfredson J. A., Dean D. M., Wheaton J. E. Cloning of ovine insulin-like growth factor-I cDNAs: Heterogeneity in the mRNA population. DNA 1989; 8: 649–657
  • Yoon J. B., Berry S. A., Seelig S., Towle H. C. An inducible nuclear factor binds to a growth hormone-regulated gene. J. Biol. Chem. 1990; 265: 19947–19954

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.