Tissue-specific and Ontogenetic Regulation of LIF Protein Levels Determined by Quantitative Enzyme Immunoassay

References

• Abe E., Tanaka H., Ishimi Y., Miyaura C., Hayashi T., Nagasawa H., Tomida M., Yamaguchi Y., Hozumi M., Suda T. Differentiation-inducing factor purified from conditioned medium of mitogen-treated spleen cell cultures stimulates bone resorption. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1986; 83: 5958–5962
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aloisi F., Rosa S., Testa U., Bonsi P., Russo G., Peschle C., Levi G. Regulation of leukemia inhibitory factor synthesis in cultured human astrocytes. J. Immunol. 1994; 152: 5022–5031
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Biology Dara Book, P. L. Altman, D. S. Dittmer. Fed. Am. SOC. Exp. Biol., Washington, D.C. 1964
   Google Scholar
• Anegon I., Moreau J.-F., Godard A., Jacques Y., Peyrat M.-A., Hallet M.-M., Wong G., Soulillou J. P. Production of human interleukin for DA cells (HILDA)/leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) by activated monocytes. Cell. Immunol. 1990; 130: 50–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asdell S. A. Patterns of Mammalian Reproduction. 2nd ed. Cornell Univ. Press, Ithaca, New York 1964
   Google Scholar
• Banner L. R., Patterson P. H. Tissue distribution, developmental expression and response to injury of rat CDFLIF and its receptor. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr. 1993; 19: 8–10
   Google Scholar
• Banner L. R., Patterson P. H. Major changes in the expression of the mRNAs for cholinergic differentiation factodleukemia inhibitory factor and its receptor after injury to adult peripheral nerves and ganglia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994; 91: 7109–7113
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banes B. A., Schmid R., Sendtner M., Raff M. C. Multiple extracellular signals are required for long-term oligodendrocyte survival. Development 1993; 118: 283–295
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bazan J. F. Neuropoietic cytokines in the hematopoietic fold. Neuron. 1991; 7: 197–208
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatt H., Brunet L. J., Stewart C. L. Uterine expression of leukemia inhibitory factor coincides with the onset of blastocyst implantation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991; 88: 11408–11412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boling J. L., Blandau R. J., Rundlett B., Young W. C. Factors underlying the failure of cyclic mating behavior in the albino rat. Anat. Rec. 1941; 80: 155–171
   Google Scholar
• Bolton A. E., Hunter W. M. The labelling of proteins to high specific radioactivities by conjugation to a 125I-containing acylating agent. Biochem. J. 1973; 133: 529–539
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown M. A., Metcalf D., Gough N. M. Leukemia inhibitory factor and interleukin 6 are expressed at very low levels in the normal adult mouse and are induced by inflammation. Cytokine 1994; 6: 300–309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carstairs J. R., Edwards D. C., Pearce F. L., Vernon C. A., Walter S. J. Immunogenic contaminants in mouse nerve-growth factor. Eur. J. Biochem. 1977; 77: 311–317
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carter D. A. Leukaemia inhibitory factor expression in cultured rat anterior pituitary is regulated by glucocorti-coids. J. Neuroendocrinol. 1995; 7: 623–628
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Charnock-Jones D. S., Sharkey A. M., Fenwick P., Smith S. K. Leukemia inhibitory factor mRNA concentration peaks in human endometrium at the time of implantation and the blastocyst contains rnRNA for the receptor at this time. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1994; 101: 421–426
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheema S. S., Richards L., Murphy M., Bartlett P. F. Leukemia inhibitory factor rescues motoneurones from axotomy-induced cell death. NeuroReport 1994a; 5: 989–992
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cheema S. S., Richards L., Murphy M., Bartlett P. F. Leukemia Inhibitory Factor prevents the death of axotomised sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia of the neonatal rat. J. Neurosci. Res. 1994b; 37: 213–218
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Conquet F., Brijlet P. Developmental expression of myeloid leukemia inhibitory factor gene in preimplantation blastocysts and in extraembryonic tissue of mouse embryos. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1990; 10: 3801–3805
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Croy B. A., Guilbert L. J., Browne M. A., Gough N. M., Stinchcomb D. T., Reed N., Wegmann T. G. Characterization of cytokine production by the metrial gland and granulated metrial gland cells. J. Reprod. Immunol. 1991; 19: 149–166
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Curtis R., Scherer S. S., Somogyi R., Adryan K. M., Ip N. Y., Zhu Y., Lindsay R. M., DiStefano P. S. Retrograde zonal transport of LIF is increased by peripheral nerve injury: correlation with increased LIF expression in distal nerve. Neuron. 1994; 12: 191–204
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis S., Aldrich T. H., Stahl N., Pan L., Taga T., Kishi-Moto T., Ip N. Y., Yancopoulos G. D. LIFRH and gp130 as heterodimerizing signal transducers of the tripartite CNTF receptor. Science 1993; 260: 1805–1808
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckenstein F. P., Shipley G. D., Nishi R. Acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors in the nervous system: distribution and differential alteration of levels after injury of central versus peripheral nerve. J. Neurosci. 1991; 11: 412–419
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Escary J-L., Perreau J., Dumtnil D., Ezine S., Brlet P. Leukemia inhibitory factor is necessary for maintenance of haematopoietic stem cells and thyrnocyte stimulation. Nature 1993; 363: 361–364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukada K. Hormonal control of neurotransmitter choice in sympathetic neurone cultures. Nature 1980; 287: 553–555
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fukada K. Purification and partial characterization of a cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1985; 82: 8795–8799
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fukada K., Rushbrook J. I., Towle M. F. Immuno-affinity purification and dose-response of cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor. Dev. Brain Res. 1991; 62: 203–214
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fukada K., Towle M. F. Function-blocking antibodies against cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor. NeuroReport 1992; 3: 157–160
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Card A. L., Williams II W. C., Burrell M. R. Oligo-dendroblasts distinguished from 0–2A glial progenitors by surface phenotype (04+GalC-) and response to cytokines using signal transducer LIFRβ. Dev. Biol. 1995; 167: 596–608
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gascan H., Anegon I., Praloran V., Naulet J., Godard A., Soulillou J.-P., Jacques Y. Constitutive production of human interleukin for DA cellsfleukemia inhibitory factor by human tumor cell lines derived from various tissues. J. Immunol. 1990; 144: 2592–2598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gearing D. P. The leukemia inhibitory factor and its receptor. Adv. Immunol. 1993; 53: 31–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gearing D. P., Comeau M. R., Friend D. J., Gimpel S. D., Thut C. J., McGourty J., Brasher K. K., King I. A., Gillis S., Mosley B., Ziegler S. F., Cosman D. The IL-6 signal transducer, gp130: an oncostatin M receptor and affinity converter for the LIF receptor. Science 1992; 255: 1434–1437
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Godard A., Heymann D., Raher S., Anegon I., Peyrat M.-A., Mauff B. L., Mouray E., Gregoire M., Virdee K., Soulillou J.-P., Moreau J-F., Jacques Y. High and low affinity receptors for human interleukin for DA cellsfleukemia inhibitory factor on human cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1992; 267: 3214–3222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gough N. M., Williams R. L. The pleiotropic actions of leukemia inhibitory factor. Cancer Cells 1989; 1: 77–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gough N. M., Wilson T. A., Stahl J., Brown M. A. Molecular biology of the leukemia inhibitory factor genes. Ciba. Found. Symp. (Polyfunctional Cytokines: IL-6 and LIF). 1992. 167: 24–46
   Google Scholar
• Hartner A., Sterzel R. B., Reindl N., Hocke G. M., Fey G. H., Coppelt-Struebe M. Cytokine-induced expression of leukemia inhibitory factor in renal mesangial cells. Kidney Int. 1994; 45: 1562–1571
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hellweg R., Hock C., Hartung H.-D. An improved rapid and highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay for nerve growth factor. Technique — a Journal of Methods in Cell and Molecular Biology 1989; 1: 43–48
   Google Scholar
• Hendry I. A., Murphy M., Hilton D. J., Nicola N. A., Bartlett P. F. Binding and retrograde transport of leukemia inhibitory factor by the sensory nervous system. J. Neurosci. 1992; 12: 3427–3434
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Heumann R., Korsching S., Scott J., Thoenen H. Relationship between levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its messenger RNA in sympathetic ganglia and peripheral target tissues. EMBO J. 1984; 3: 3183–3189
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hibi M., Murakami M., Saito M., Hirano T., Taga T., Kishimoto T. Molecular cloning and expression of an IL-6 signal transducer, gp130. Cell 1990; 63: 1149–1157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilton D. J., Gough N. M. Leukemia inhibitory factor: abiological perspective. J. Cell. Biochem. 1991; 46: 21–26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilton D. J., Nicola N. A., Metcalf D. Distribution and comparison of receptors for leukemia inhibitory factor on rnurine hernopoietic and hepatic cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 1991a; 146: 207–215
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilton D. J., Nicola N. A., Waring P. M., Metcalf D. Clearance and fate of leukemia-inhbitory factor (LIF) after injection into mice. J. Cell. Physiol. 1991b; 148: 430–439
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Hilton D. J., Hilton A. A., Raicevic A., Rakar S., Harrison-Smith M., Gough N. M., Begley C. G., Metcalf D., Nicola N. A., Willson T. A. Cloning of a murine IL-11 receptor a-chain; requirement for gp130 for high affinity binding and signal transduction. EMBO J. 1994; 13: 4765–4775
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes R. A., Sendtner M., Thoenen H. Members of several gene families influence survival of rat motoneurons in vitro and in vivo. J. Neurosci. Res. 1993; 36: 663–671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ip N. Y., Nye S. H., Boulton T. G., Davis S., Taga T., Li Y., Birren S. J., Yasukawa K., Kishimoto T., Anderson D. J, Stahl N., Yancopoulos G. D. CNTF and LIF act on neuronal cells via shared signaling pathways that involve the IL-6 signal transducing receptor component gp 130. Cell 1992; 69: 1121–1132
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishikawa R., Nishikori K., Furukawa S. Developmental changes in distribution of acidic fibroblast growth factor in rat brain evaluated by a sensitive two-site enzyme immunoassay. J Neurochem. 1991; 56: 836–841
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jonakait G. M. Neural-immune interactions in sympathetic ganglia. Trends Neurosci. 1993; 16: 419–423
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Katoh-Semba R., Kaisho Y., Shintani A., Nagahama M., Kato K. Tissue distribution and immunocytochemi-cal localization of neurotrophin-3 in the brain and peripheral tissues of rats. J. Neurochem. 1996; 66: 330–337
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keller J. R., Gooya J. M., Ruscetti F. W. Direct synergistic effects of leukemia inhibitory factor on hematopoietic progenitor cell growth: comparison with other hematopoietins that use the gp130 receptor subunit. Blood 1996; 88: 863–869
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korsching S., Thoenen H. Nerve growth factor in sympathetic ganglia and corresponding target organs of the rat: correlation with density of sympathetic innervation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1983a; 80: 3513–3516
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korsching S., Thoenen H. Quantitative demonstration of the retrograde axonal transport of endogenous nerve growth factor. Neurosci. Lett. 1983b; 39: 1–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Korschmg S., Auburger G., Heumann R., Scott J., Thoenen H. Levels of nerve growth factor and its mRNA in the central nervous system of the rat correlate with cholinergic innervation. EMBO J. 1985; 4: 1389–1393
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Korsching S., Thoenen H. Two-site enzyme immunoassay for nerve growth factor. Methods Enzymol. 1987; 147: 167–185
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laemmli U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature 1970; 227: 680–685
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Landis S. C., Keefe D. Evidence for neurotransmit-ter plasticity in vivo: developmental changes in properties of cholinergic sympathetic neurons. Dev. Bid. 1983; 98: 349–372
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Le P. T., Lazorick S., Whichard L. P., Yang Y.-C., Clark S. C., Haynes B. F., Singer K. H. Human thymic epithelial cells produce IL-6, granulocyte-monocyte-CSF, and leukemia inhibitory factor. J. Immunol. 1990; 145: 3310–3315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leblanc G., Landis S. Development of choline acetyltransferase (CAT) in the sympathetic innervation of rat sweat. glands. J. Neurosci. 1986; 6: 260–265
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Leung D. W., Parent A. S., Cachianes G., Esch F., Coulombe J. N., Nikolics K., Eckenstein F. P., Nishi R. Cloning, expression during development, and evidence for release of a trophic factor for ciliary ganglion neurons. Neuron 1992; 8: 1045–1053
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Long J. A., Evans H. M. The oestrous cycle in the rat and its associated phenomena. Mem. Univ. Calif. 1922; 6: 1–148
   Google Scholar
• Mayer M., Bhakoo K., Noble M. Ciliary neu-rotrophic factor and leukemia inhibitory factor promote the generation, maturation and survival of oligodendrocytes in vitro. Development 1994; 120: 143–153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald N. Q., Panayotatos N., Hendrickson W. A. Crystal structure of dimeric human ciliary neurotrophic factor determined by MAD phasing. EMBO J. 1995; 14: 2689–2699
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalf D. The leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Int. J. Cell Cloning. 1991; 9: 95–108
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ciba Found. Symp. (Polyfunctional Cytokines; IL-6 and LIF), D. Metcalf. John Wiley and Sons, New York 1992; 167
   Google Scholar
• Metcalf D., Gearing D. P. Fatal syndrome in mice engrafted with cells producing high levels of the leukemia inhibitory factor. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA 1989; 86: 5948–5952
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Metcalf D., Nicola N. A., Gearing D. P. Effects of injected leukemia inhibitory factor on hematopoietic and other tissues in mice. Blood 1990; 76: 50–56
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minami M., Kuraishi Y., Satoh M. Effects of kainic acid on messenger RNA levels of IL-ID, IL-6, TNFa and LIF in the rat brain. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1991; 176: 593–598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murase K., Igarashi K., Hayashi K. Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) levels in the developing rat nervous system and in human samples. Clin. Chim. Acta 1994; 227: 23–36
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murphy M., Reid K., Hilton D. J., Bartlett P. F. Generation of sensory neurons is stimulated by leukemia inhibitory factor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991; 88: 3498–3501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murphy M., Reid K., Brown M. A., Bartlett P. F. Involvement of leukemia inhibitory factor and nerve growth factor in the development of dorsal root ganglion neurons. Development 1993; 117: 1173–1182
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murray R., Lee F., Chiu C.-P. The genes for leukemia inhibitory factor and interleulun-6 are expressed in mouse blastocysts prior to the onset of hemopoiesis. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1990; 10: 4953–4956
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nawa H., Yamamori T., Le T., Patterson P. H. Generation of neuronal diversity: analogies and homologies with hematopoiesis. Cold Spring Harb. Symp. Quanr. Biol. 1991; 55: 247–253
   Google Scholar
• Nawa H., Carnahan J., Gall C. BDNF protein measured by a novel enzyme immunoassay in normal brain and after seizure: partial disagreement with mRNA levels. Eur. J. Neurosci. 1995; 7: 1527–1535
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nicholas J. S. Experimental methods and rat embryo. The Rat in Laboratoly Investigation 2nd ed., E. J. Fanis, J. Q. Griffith, Jr. J. B. Lippincott Co., Philadelphia 1949; 51–67
   Google Scholar
• Patterson P. H. 'The emerging neuropoietic cytokine family: first CDFLIF, CNTF and IL-6; next ONC, MGF, GCSF?. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 1992; 2: 94–97
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patterson P. H. Leukemia inhibitory factor, a cytokine at the interface between neurobiology and immunology. Proc. Natl. Acud. Sci. USA 1994; 91: 7833–7835
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patterson P. H., Chun L. L. Y. The induction of acetylcholine synthesis in primary cultures of dissociated rat sympathetic neurons. I. Effects of conditioned medium. Dev. Biol. 1977; 56: 263–280
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Patterson P. H., Fann M.-J. Further studies of the distribution of CDFLIF mRNA. Ciba Found. Symp. (Poly-functional cytokines: IL-6 and LIF) 1992; 167: 125–140
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pennica D., Shaw K. J., Swanson T. A., Moore M. W., Shel-Ton D. L., Zioncheck K. A., Rosenthal A., Taga T., Paoni N. F., Wood W. I. Cardiotrophin-I. J. Biol. Chem. 1995; 270: 10915–10922
   Google Scholar
• Potter D. D., Landis S. C., Matsumoto S. G., Furshpan E. J. Synaptic functions in rat sympathetic neurons in niicrocultures. II. adrenergic/chohnergic dual status and plasticity. J. Neurosci. 1986; 6: 1080–1098
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qiu L., Bernd P., Fukada K. Cholinergic neuronal differentiation factor (CDF)/leukemia inhibitory factor (LtF) binds to specific regions of the developing nervous system. in V/VO. Dev. Biol. 1994; 163: 516–520
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Qiu L., Towle M. F., Bernd P., Fukada K. Distribution of cholinergic neuronal differentiation factorileukemia inhibitory factor (CDF/LIF) binding sites in the developing and adult rat nervous system in vivo. J. Neurohiol. 1997; 32: 163–192
   Google Scholar
• Rao M. S., Landis S. C. Characterization of a taget-derived neuronal cholinergic differentiation factor. Nertron 1990; 5: 899–910
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rao M. S., Patterson P. H., Landis S. C. Multiple cholinergic differentiation factors are present in footpad extracts: comparison with known cholinergic factors. Development 1992; 116: 731–744
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rao M. S., Landis S. C. Cell interactions that determine sympathetic neuron transmitter phenotype and the neu-rokines that mediate them. J. Neurohioi. 1993; 24: 215–232
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rao M. S., Sun Y., Escary J. L., Perreau J., Tresser S., Patterson P. H., Zigmond R. E., Bdet P., Landis S. C. Leukemia inhibitory factor mediates an injury response but not a target-directed developmental transmitter switch in sympathetic neurons. Neuron. 1993; 11: 1175–1185
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rathjen P. D., Toth S., Willis A., Heath J. K., Smith A. G. Differentiation inhibiting activity is produced in matrix-associated and diffusible forms that are generated by alternate promoter usage. Cell 1990; 62: 1105–1114
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robertson M., Chambers I., Rathjen P., Nichols J., Smith A. Expression of alternative forms of differentiation inhibiting activity (DIALIF) during niurine embryogenesis and in neonatal and adult tissues. Dev. Genetics 1993; 14: 165–173
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Robinson R. C., Grey L. M., Staunton D., Vankelecom H., Vernallis A. B., Moreau J.-F., Stuart D. I., Heath J. K., Jones E. Y. The crystal structure and biological function of leukemia inhibitory factor: implications for receptor binding. Cell 1994; 77: 1101–1116
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohrer H. Cholinergic neuronal differentiation factors: evidence for the presence of both CNTF-like and non-CNTF-like factors in developing rat footpad. Development 1992; 114: 689–698
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rose T. M., Bruce A. G. Oncostatin M is a member of cytokine family that includes leukemia-inhibitory factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and interleukin 6. Proc. Natl. Acud. Sci. USA 1991; 88: 8641–8645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saadat S., Sendtner M., Rohrer H. Ciliary neuro-trophic factor induces cholinergic differentiation of rat sympathetic neurons in culture. J. Cell. Biol. 1989; 108: 1807–1816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sakata T., Iwagami S., Tsuruta Y., Yamaguchi M., Michi-Shita M., Nagata K., Takai Y., Ogata M., Teraoka H., Fujiwara H. Constitutive expression of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) mRNA and production of LIF by a cloned murine thymic stromal cell line. Thymus 1992; 19: 89–95
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Schecterson L. C., Bothwell M. Novel roles for neurotrophins are suggested by BDNF and NT-3 mRNA expression in developing neurons. Neuron 1992; 9: 449–463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen M. M., Leder P. Leukemia inhibitory factor is expressed by the preimplantation uterus and selectively blocks primitive ectoderm formation. in vitro. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1992; 89: 8240–824
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen M. M., Skoda R. C., Cardiff R. D., Campos-Torres J., Leder P., Ornitz D. M. Expression of LIF in transgenic mice results in altered thymic epitheliurn and apparent interconversion of thymic and lymph node morphologies. EMBO J. 1994; 13: 1375–1385
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart C. L., Kasper P., Brunet L. J., Bhatt H., Cadi I., Kontgen F., Abbondanm S. J. Blastocyst implantation depends on malernal expression of leukemia inhibitory factor. Nature 1992; 359: 76–79
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun Y., Rao M. S., Zigmond R. E., Landis S. C. Regulation of vasoactive intestinal peptide exprebsion in yympathetic neurons in culture and after axotorny: the role of cholinergic differentiation Iactorfleukemia inhibitory factor. J. Neurohiol. 1994; 25: 415–430
   Google Scholar
• Sun Y., Landis S. C., Zigmond K. E. Signals triggering the induction of leukemia inhibitory factor in sympathetic superior cervical ganglia and their nerve trunks after axonal injury. Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 1996; 7: 152–163
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Taga T., Hibi M., Hirata Y., Yamasaki K., Yasukawa K., Mat-Suda T., Hirano T., Kishimoto T. Interleukin-6 triggers the association of its receptor with a possible signal transducer, gpl30. Cell 1989; 58: 573–581
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tomida M., Yamamoto-Yamaguchi Y., Hozumi M. Purification of a factor inducing differentiation of mouse myeloid leukemic MI cells from conditioned medium of mouse fibroblast L929 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 1984; 259: 10978–10982
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulich T. R., Fann M.-J., Patterson P. H., Williams J. H., Sdmal B., del Castillo J., Yin S., Guo K., Remick D. G. Tntratracheal injection of LPS and cytokines. V. LPS induces expression of LIF and LIF inhibits acute inflammation. Am. J. Physiol. 1994; 267: L442–L446, Lung Cell. Mol. Physiol., 11)
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z., Ren S.-G., Melmed S. Hypothalamic and pituitary leukemia inhibitory factor gene expression in vivo: a novel endotoxin-inductble neuro-endocrine interface. Endocrinol. 1996; 137: 2947–2953
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wesselingh S. L., Gough N. M., Finlay-Jones J. J., McDonald P. J. Detection of cytokine mRNA in astrocyte cultures using the polymerase chain reaction. Lymphokirne Res. 1990; 9: 177–185
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Willson T. A., Metcalf D., Gough N. M. Cross-spieces comparison of the sequence of the leukaemia inhibitory factor gene and its protein. Eur. J. Biorhem. 1992; 204: 21–30
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yamamon T. Localization of cholinergic differentiation factor/leukemia inhibitory factor mRNA in the rat brain and peripheral tissues. Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991; 88: 7298–7302
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yang Z.-M., Le S.-P., Chen D.-B., Harper M. J. K. Temporal and spatial expression of leukemia inhibitory factor in rabbit uterus during early pregnancy. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1994; 38: 148–152
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang Z.-M., Le S.-P., Chen D.-B., Cota J., Siero V., Yasukawa K., Harper M. J. K. Leukemia inhibitory factor, LIF receptor, and gpl30 in the mouse uterus during early pregnancy. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1995; 42: 407–414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young W. C., Boling J. L., Blandau R. J. The vaginal smear picture, sexual receptivity and time of ovulation in the albino rat. Anar. Rec. 1941; 80: 37–45
   Google Scholar