18
Views
9
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Article

Preclinical and Clinical Experience with Liposome-Encapsulated Mitoxantrone

, , , , &
Pages 605-639 | Published online: 28 Sep 2008

References

  • Von Hoff D.D., Pollard E., Kuhn J., Murray E., Coltman C.A.J. Phase I clinical investigation of 1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis (((2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl) amino))-9,10-anthracenedione dihydrochloride (NSC 301739), a new anthracenedione. Cancer Res. 1980; 40: 1516
  • White R.J., Durr F.E. Development of mitoxantrone. Invest.New Drugs 1985; 3: 85
  • Hagenberg L., Loynds P., Nagel G.A. [Mitoxantrone HCl (1,4-dihydroxy-4, 8-bis[[2-(hydroxyethyl)-amino-ethyl)]amino 9,10-anthracenedione dihydrochloride (NSC 301739) - a new cytostatic]. Onkologie. 1980; 3: 322
  • Alberts D.S., Peng Y.M., Bowden G.T., Dalton W.S., Mackel C. Pharmacology of mitoxantrone: mode of action and pharmacokinetics. Invest.New Drugs 1985; 3: 101
  • Birchall L.A., Bailey N.P., Blackledge G.R. An overview of mitozantrone. Br.J.Clin.Pract. 1991; 45: 208
  • Faulds D., Balfour J.A., Chrisp P., Langtry H.D. Mitoxantrone. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential in the chemotherapy of cancer. Drugs 1991; 41: 400
  • Posner L.E., Dukart G., Goldberg J., Bernstein T., Cartwright K. Mitoxantrone: an overview of safety and toxicity. Invest.New Drugs 1985; 3: 123
  • Shenkenberg T.D., Von Hoff D.D. Mitoxantrone: a new anticancer drug with significant clinical activity. Ann.Intern.Med. 1986; 105: 67
  • Smyth J.F., Macpherson J.S., Warrington P.S., Leonard R.C., Wolf C.R. The clinical pharmacology of mitozantrone. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol. 1986; 17: 149
  • Allegra J.C., Woodcock T., Woolf S., Henderson I.C., Bryan S., Reisman A., Dukart G. A randomized trial comparing mitoxantrone with doxorubicin in patients with stage IV breast cancer. Invest.New Drugs 1985; 3: 153
  • Astone A., Cassano A., Fontana T., Noviello M.R., Pozzo C., Barone C. Salvage chemotherapy with mitoxantrone and mitomycin with or without methotrexate in advanced breast cancer. Anticancer Drugs 1992; 3: 471
  • Bontenbal M., Planting A.S., Rodenburg C.J., Dees A., Verweij J., Bartels C.C., Alexieva Figusch J., van Putten W.L., Klijn J.G. Weekly low-dose mitoxantrone plus doxorubicin as second-line chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 1992; 21: 133
  • Broun E.R., Sledge G.W., Einhorn L.H., Tricot G.J. High-dose carboplatin and mitoxantrone with autologous bone marrow support in the treatment of advanced breast cancer. Am.J.Clin.Oncol. 1993; 16: 9
  • Leiby J.M., Unverfurth D.V., Neidhart J.A. High-dose mitoxantrone in metastatic breast cancer: a phase I-II trial. Cancer Treat.Rep. 1986; 70: 899
  • Robertson J.F., Williams M.R., Todd J.H., Blarney R.W. Mitoxantrone - a useful palliative therapy in advanced breast cancer. Am.J.Clin.Oncol. 1989; 12: 393
  • Shpall E.J., Jones R.B., Holland J.F., Bhardwaj S., Paciucci P.A., Wilfinger C.L., Strashun A. Intensive single-agent mitoxantrone for metastatic breast cancer. J.Natl.Cancer Inst. 1988; 80: 204
  • ten Bokkel Huinink W.W., Clavel M., Rodenhuis S., Guastalla J.P., Franklin H.R., Koier J.J., Vlasveld T., Dalesio O., van Tinteren H., Pinedo H.M. Mitoxantrone and GM-CSF: a phase I study with an escalated dose of mitoxantrone in breast cancer. Pathol.Biol.Paris. 1992; 39: 962
  • Arlin Z.A., Silver R., Cassileth P., Armentrout S., Gams R., Daghestani A., Coleman M., Schoch I., Dukart G. Phase I-II trial of mitoxantrone in acute leukemia. Cancer Treat.Rep. 1985; 69: 61
  • Amadori S., Arcese W., Isacchi G., Meloni G., Petti M.C., Monarca B., Testi A.M., Mandelli F. Mitoxantrone, etoposide, and intermediate-dose cytarabine: an effective and tolerable regimen for the treatment of refractory acute myeloid leukemia. J.Clin.Oncol. 1991; 9: 1210
  • Archimbaud E., Leblond V., Michallet M., Cordonnier C., Fenaux P., Travade P., Dreyfus F., Jaubert J., Devaux Y., Fiere D. Intensive sequential chemotherapy with mitoxantrone and continuous infusion etoposide and cytarabine for previously treated acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1991; 77: 1894
  • Bezwoda W.R., Bernasconi C., Hutchinson R.M., Winfield D.A., de Bock R., Mandelli F. Mitoxantrone for refractory and relapsed acute leukemia. Cancer 1990; 66: 418
  • Hiddemann W., Aul C., Maschmeyer G., Schonrock Nabulsi R., Ludwig W.D., Bartholomaus A., Bettelheim P., Becker K., Balleisen L., Lathan B. High-dose versus intermediate-dose cytarabine combined with mitoxantrone for the treatment of relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukemia: results of an age-adjusted randomized comparison. Semin.Hematol. 1991; 28: 35
  • Hiddemann W., Kreutzmann H., Straif K., Ludwig W.D., Donhuijsen Ant R., Lengfelder E., Arlin Z., Buchner T. High-dose cytosine-arabinoside and mitoxantrone in refractory acute myeloid leukemia: a clinical phase I/II-study. Onkologie. 1986; 9: 144
  • Wahlin A., Hornsten P., Hedenus M., Malm C. Mitoxantrone and cytarabine versus daunorubicin and cytarabine in previously untreated patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol. 1991; 28: 480
  • Bajetta E., Buzzoni R., Valagussa P., Bonadonna G. Mitoxantrone: an active agent in refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Am. J.Clin.Oncol. 1988; 11: 100
  • Ho A.D., Del Valle F., Engelhard M., Hiddemann W., Ruckle H., Schlimok G., Haas R., Thiel E., Andreesen R., Fiedler W. Mitoxantrone/high-dose Ara-C and recombinant human GM-CSF in the treatment of refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. A pilot study. Cancer 1990; 66: 423
  • Hiddemann W., Schmitz N., Pfreundschuh M., Pfluger K.H., Ollech Chwoyka J., Tirier C., Maschmeyer G., Kirchner H., Wagner T., Koch P. Treatment of refractory Hodgkin's disease with high-dose cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone in combination. Results of a clinical phase II study of the German Hodgkin Study Group. Cancer 1990; 66: 838
  • Lim S.H., Baglin T.P., Flavell D.J., Flavell S.U., Wimperis J.Z., Marcus R.E. High-dose mitoxantrone and etoposide conditioning in autologous bone marrow transplantation for relapsed Hodgkin's disease. Eur.J.Haematol. 1992; 48: 110
  • Gams R.A., Bryan S., Dukart G., Weiss A., Case D., Jones S., Stein R. Mitoxantrone in malignant lymphoma. Invest.New Drugs 1985; 3: 219
  • Hansen S.W., Nissen N.I., Hansen M.M., Hou Jensen K., Pedersen Bjergaard J. High activity of mitoxantrone in previously untreated low-grade lymphomas. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol. 1988; 22: 77
  • Alberts D.S., Balcerzak S.P., Bonnet J.D., Stephens R.L. Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in multiple myeloma: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Cancer Treat.Rep. 1985; 69: 1321
  • Hiddemann W., Buchner T., Heil G., Schumacher K., Diedrich H., Maschmeyer G., Ho A.D., Planker M., Gerith Stolzenburg S., Donhuijsen Ant R. Treatment of refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults with high dose cytosine arabinoside and mitoxantrone (HAM). Leukemia 1990; 4: 637
  • Arlin Z.A., Feldman E.J., Finger L.R., Ahmed T., Mittelman A., Cook P., Puccio C., Baskind P., Arnold P., Razis E.D. Short course high dose mitoxantrone with high dose cytarabine is effective therapy for adult lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 1991; 5: 712
  • Arlin Z., Case D.C.J., Moore J., Wiernik P., Feldman E., Saletan S., Desai P., Sia L., Cartwright K. Randomized multicenter trial of cytosine arabinoside with mitoxantrone or daunorubicin in previously untreated adult patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL). Lederle Cooperative Group. Leukemia 1990; 4: 177
  • Behar C., Bertrand Y., Rubie H., Vilmer E., Babin A., Brock P., Boutard P., Solbu G., Suciu S., Robert A. Mitoxantrone and high dose Ara-C for the treatment of ANLL in childhood: a pilot study of the EORTC CLCG (EORTC 58 872). Leukemia 6, Suppl 1992; 2: 63
  • Dutcher J.P., Eudey L., Wiernik P.H., Paietta E., Bennett J.M., Arlin Z., Kellermeyer R., Rowe J., O'Connell M., Oken M. Phase II study of mitoxantrone and 5-azacytidine for accelerated and blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukemia: a study of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Leukemia 1992; 6: 770
  • Hansen M.M., Hansen S.W., Pedersen Bjergaard J., Nissen N.I. Mitoxantrone in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk.Lymphoma. 1992; 7: 305
  • Arseneau J.C., Schoenfeld D.A., Borden E.C. A phase II study of dihydroxyanthracenedione (DHAD, mitoxantrone, NSC 301739) in advanced malignant melanoma. Invest.New Drugs 1986; 4: 53
  • Sridhar K.S., Hussein A.M., Benedetto P., Waldman S.M., Feun L.G., Savaraj N., Richman S.P., Ardalan B., Desai P. Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in head and neck carcinoma. AmJ.Clin.Oncol. 1991; 14: 298
  • Bull F.E., Von Hoff D.D., Balcerzak S.P., Stephens R.L., Panettiere F.J. Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in advanced sarcomas: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Cancer Treat.Rep. 1985; 69: 231
  • Gams R.A., Nelson O., Birch R. Phase II evaluation of mitoxantrone in advanced renal cell carcinoma: a Southeastern Cancer Study Group Trial. Cancer Treat.Rep. 1986; 70: 921
  • Taylor S.A., Fleming T., Von Hoff D.D., McCracken J.D., Bukowski R.M., Talley R.W., Natale R.B., Guy J.T., Samlowski W.E., Costanzi J.H. Phase II evaluation of mitoxantrone in advanced pancreatic carcinoma: a Southwest Oncology Group study. Invest.New Drugs 1990; 8: 77
  • Coleman R., Clarke J., Gore M., Wiltshaw E., Slevin M., Harper P. A phase II study of mitozantrone in advanced carcinoma of the ovary. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol. 1989; 24: 200
  • Hording U., Rose C., Jakobsen K., Dirksen H. Mitoxantrone in advanced cervical carcinoma: a phase II study in patients not previously treated with chemotherapy. Cancer Treat.Rep. 1986; 70: 1239
  • Osborne C.K., Blumenstein B.A, Crawford E.D., Weiss G.R., Bukowski R.M., Larrimer N.R. Phase II study of platinum and mitoxantrone in metastatic prostate cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Eur.J.Cancer 1992; 28: 477
  • Colleoni M., Nole F., Di Bartolomeo M., de Braud F., Bajetta E. Mitoxantrone in patients affected by hepatocellular carcinoma with unfavorable prognostic factors. Oncology 1992; 49: 139
  • Dunk A.A., Scott S.C., Johnson P.J., Melia W., Lok A.S., Murray Lyon I., Williams R., Thomas H.C. Mitozantrone as single agent therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma. A phase II study. J.Hepatol. 1985; 1: 395
  • Lai K.H., Tsai Y.T., Lee S.D., Ng W.W., Teng H.C., Tarn T.N., Lo G.H., Lin H.C., Lin H.J., Wu J.C. Phase II study of mitoxantrone in unresectable primary hepatocellular carcinoma following hepatitis B infection. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol. 1989; 23: 54
  • Yoshida T., Okazaki N., Yoshino M., Ohkura H., Miyamoto K., Shimada Y. Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur.J.Cancer Clin.Oncol. 1988; 24: 1897
  • Davis R.B., Van Echo D.A., Leone L.A., Henderson E.S. Phase II trial of mitoxantrone in advanced primary liver cancer: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study. Cancer Treat.Rep. 1986; 70: 1125
  • Falkson G., Coetzer B.J. Phase II studies of mitoxantrone in patients with primary liver cancer. Invest.New Drugs 1985; 3: 187
  • O'Reilly S.M., Coleman R.E., Rubens R.D. Phase II study of mitoxantrone for liver metastases from breast cancer. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol. 1989; 25: 73
  • Sharifi R., Lee M., Clayton M., Lamb D., Siami P., Strub M., Albert D., Sarosdy M. Phase I-II evaluation of intravesical novantrone (mitoxantrone) in superficial bladder cancer. Anticancer Drugs 1991; 2: 153
  • Stewart D.J., Green R., Futter N., Walsh W., McKay D., Verma S., Maroun J.A., Redmond D. Phase I and pharmacology study of intravesical mitoxantrone for recurrent superficial bladder tumors. J.Urol. 1990; 143: 714
  • Blochl Daum B., Eichler H.G., Rainer H., Jakesz R., Salzer H., Steger G., Schuller J., Gunther E., Proksch B., Ehninger G. Escalating dose regimen of intraperitoneal mitoxantrone: phase I study - clinical and pharmacokinetic evaluation. Eur.J.Cancer Clin.Oncol. 1988; 24: 1133
  • Dufour P., Maloisel F., Bergerat J.P., Barats J.C., Dellenbach P., Renaud R., Ritter P., Herbrecht R., Wendling C., Audhuy B. Intraperitoneal mitoxantrone as consolidation treatment for stage III ovarian carcinoma: a pilot study. Bull.Cancer Paris. 1991; 78: 273
  • Groth G., Gatzemeier U., Haussingen K., Heckmayr M., Magnussen H., Neuhauss R., Pavel J.V. Intrapleural palliative treatment of malignant pleural effusions with mitoxantrone versus placebo (pleural tube alone). Ann.Oncol. 1991; 2: 213
  • Markman M., Hakes T., Reichman B., Lewis J.L.J., Rubin S., Jones W., Almadrones L., Hoskins W. Phase II trial of weekly or biweekly intraperitoneal mitoxantrone in epithelial ovarian cancer. J.Clin.Oncol. 1991; 9: 978
  • Shepherd F.A., Evans W.K., Blackstein M.E., Fine S., Heathcote J., Langer B., Taylor B., Habal F., Kutas G., Pritchard K.I. Hepatic arterial infusion of mitoxantrone in the treatment of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. J.Clin.Oncol. 1987; 5: 635
  • Torsten U., Opri F., Weitzel H. Local therapy of malignant pleural effusion with mitoxantrone. Anticancer Drugs 1992; 3: 17
  • van Breukelen F.J., Mattson K., Giaccone G., van Zandwijk N., Planteydt H.T., Kirkpatrick A., Dalesio O. Mitoxantrone in malignant pleural mesothelioma: a study by the EORTC Lung Cancer Cooperative Group. Eur.J.Cancer 1991; 27: 1627
  • Henderson I.C., Allegra J.C., Woodcock T., Wolff S., Bryan S., Cartwright K., Dukart G., Henry D. Randomized clinical trial comparing mitoxantrone with doxorubicin in previously treated patients with metastatic breast cancer. J.Clin.Oncol. 1989; 7: 560
  • Stewart D.J., Perrault D.J., Maroun J.A., Lefebvre B.M. Combined mitoxantrone plus doxorubicin in the treatment of breast cancer. Am. J.Clin. Oncol. 1987; 10: 335
  • Cowan J.D., Neidhart J., McClure S., Coltman C.A.J., Gumbart C., Martino S., Hutchins L.F., Stephens R.L., Vaughan C.B., Osborne C.K. Randomized trial of doxorubicin, bisantrene, and mitoxantrone in advanced breast cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group study. J.Natl.Cancer Inst. 1991; 83: 1077
  • Greidanus J., de Vries E.G., Mulder N.H., Sleijfer D.T., Uges D.R., Oosterhuis B., Willemse P.H. A phase I pharmacokinetic study of 21-day continuous infusion mitoxantrone. J.Clin.Oncol. 1989; 7: 790
  • Kreisle W.H., Alberts D.S., List A.F., McCloskey T., Plezia P., Peng Y.M., George M. A phase I trial of 14-day continuous intravenous infusion mitoxantrone. Anticancer Drugs 1991; 2: 251
  • Dukart G., Iatropoulos M.J., Yacobi A. Comment on mitoxantrone. Drug Intell.Clin.Pharm. 1985; 19: 216
  • Fisher G.R., Patterson L.H. DNA strand breakage by peroxidase-activated mitoxantrone. J.Pharm.Pharmacol. 1991; 43: 65
  • Heinemann V., Murray D., Walters R., Meyn R.E., Plunkett W. Mitoxantrone-induced DNA damage in leukemia cells is enhanced by treatment with high-dose arabinosylcytosine. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol. 1988; 22: 205
  • Hubalek F. Detection of single-strand breaks in DNA induced by mitoxantrone in experimental tumors after in vivo treatment. Neoplasma. 1991; 38: 101
  • Novak R.F., Kharasch E.D. Mitoxantrone: propensity for free radical formation and lipid peroxidation—implications for cardiotoxicity. Invest.New Drugs 1985; 3: 95
  • Smith P.J., Morgan S.A., Fox M.E., Watson J.V. Mitoxantrone-DNA binding and the induction of topoisomerase II associated DNA damage in multi-drug resistant small cell lung cancer cells. Biochem.Pharmacol. 1990; 40: 2069
  • Jensen P.B., Vindelov L., Roed H., Demant E.J., Sehested M., Skovsgaard T., Hansen H.H. In vitro evaluation of the potential of aclarubicin in the treatment of small cell carcinoma of the lung (SCCL). Br.J Cancer 1989; 60: 838
  • Wallace R.E., Lindh D., Durr F.E. Development of resistance and characteristics of a human colon carcinoma subline resistant to mitoxantrone in vitro. Cancer Invest. 1987; 5: 417
  • Ehninger G., Schuler U., Proksch B., Zeller K.P., Blanz J. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of mitoxantrone. A review. Clin.Pharmacokinet. 1990; 18: 365
  • Blanz J., Mewes K., Ehninger G., Proksch B., Greger B., Waidelich D., Zeller K.P. Isolation and structure elucidation of urinary metabolites of mitoxantrone. Cancer Res. 1991; 51: 3427
  • Balazsovits J.A., Mayer L.D., Bally M.B., Cullis P.R., McDonell M., Ginsberg R.S., Falk R.E. Analysis of the effect of liposome encapsulation on the vesicant properties, acute and cardiac toxicities, and antitumor efficacy of doxorubicin. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol. 1989; 23: 81
  • Gabizon A., Shiota R., Papahadjopoulos D. Pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of doxorubicin encapsulated in stable liposomes with long circulation times. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 1989; 81: 1484
  • Gabizon A., Amselem S., Goren D., Cohen R., Druckmann S., Fromer I., Chisin R., Peretz T., Sulkes A., Barenholz Y. Preclinical and clinical experience with a doxorubicin-liposome preparation. J.Liposome Res. 1990; 1: 491
  • Gabizon A., Peretz T., Sulkes A., Amselem S., Ben Yosef R., Ben Baruch N., Catane R., Biran S., Barenholz Y. Systemic administration of doxorubicin-containing liposomes in cancer patients: a phase I study. Eur. J. Cancer Clin. Oncol. 1989; 25: 1795
  • Gabizon A., Chisin R., Amselem S., Druckmann S., Cohen R., Goren D., Fromer I., Peretz T., Sulkes A., Barenholz Y. Pharmacokinetic and imaging studies in patients receiving a formulation of liposome-associated adriamycin. Br.J. Cancer 1991; 64: 1125
  • Gabizon A.A. Selective tumor localization and improved therapeutic index of anthracyclines encapsulated in long-circulating liposomes. Cancer Res. 1992; 52: 891
  • Rahman A., Fumagalli A., Barbieri B., Schein P.S., Casazza A.M. Antitumor and toxicity evaluation of free doxorubicin and doxorubicin entrapped in cardiolipin liposomes. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol. 1986; 16: 22
  • Forssen E.A., Coulter D.M., Proffitt R.T. Selective in vivo localization of daunorubicin small unilamellar vesicles in solid tumors. Cancer Res. 1992; 52: 3255
  • Mayhew E.G., Lasic D., Babbar S., Martin F.J. Pharmacokinetics and antitumor activity of epirubicin encapsulated in long-circulating liposomes incorporating a polyethylene glycol-derivatized phospholipid. Int.J.Cancer 1992; 51: 302
  • Schwendener R.A., Fiebig H.H., Berger M.R., Berger D.P. Evaluation of incorporation characteristics of mitoxantrone into unilamellar liposomes and analysis of their pharmacokinetic properties, acute toxicity, and antitumor efficacy. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol. 1991; 27: 429
  • Pestalozzi B., Schwendener R., Sauter C. Phase I/II study of liposome-complexed mitoxantrone in patients with advanced breast cancer. Ann.Oncol. 1992; 3: 445
  • Madden T.D., Harrigan P.R., Tai L.C., Bally M.B., Mayer L.D., Redelmeier T.E., Loughrey H.C., Tilcock C.P., Reinish L.W., Cullis P.R. The accumulation of drugs within large unilamellar vesicles exhibiting a proton gradient: a survey. Chem.Phys.Lipids 1990; 53: 37
  • Law S.L., Chang P., Lin C.H. Characteristics of mitoxantrone loading on liposomes. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 1991; 70: 1
  • Beck P., Kreuter J., Reszka R., Fichtner I. Influence of polybutylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles and liposomes on the efficacy and toxicity of the anticancer drag mitoxantrone in murine tumor models. J.Microencaps. 1993; 10: 101
  • Rubas W., Supersaxo A., Weder H.G., Hartmann H.R., Hengartner H., Schott H., Schwendener R.A. Treatment of murine L1210 lymphoid leukemia and melanoma B16 with lipophilic cytosine arabinoside prodrugs incorporated into unilamellar liposomes. Int.J. Cancer 1986; 37: 149
  • Schwendener R.A., Schott H. Treatment of L1210 murine leukemia with liposome - incorporated N4-hexadecyl-1-β-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine. Int.J. Cancer 1992; 51: 466
  • Schwendener R.A. The preparation of large volumes of homogenous, sterile liposomes containing various lipophilic cytostatic drugs by the use of a capillary dialyzer. Cancer Drug Deliv. 1986; 3: 123
  • Schwendener R.A. The preparation of large volumes of sterile liposomes for clinical applications. Liposome Technology Vol. I, 2nd Edition, G. Gregoriadis. CRC Press, Cleveland 1992; 487
  • Allen T.M., Hansen C. Pharmacokinetics of stealth versus conventional liposomes: effect of dose. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1991; 1068: 133
  • Sommerman E.F., Pritchard P.H., Cullis P.R. 125-labeled inulin: a convenient marker for deposition of liposomal contents in vivo. Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. 1984; 122: 319
  • Allen T.M. Stealth-liposomes: Avoiding reticuloendothelial uptake. Liposomes in the therapy of infectious diseases and cancer, G. Lopez-Berenstein, I.J. Fidler. Alan R. Liss, New York 1989; 405
  • Hänseler E., Rentsch K., Horber D.H., Schwendener R.A., Sauter Chr. Pharmacokinetics of free and liposomal formulations of mitoxantrone in mice and patients with advanced breast cancer. Proc.AACR 1993; 34: 346
  • Eichler H.G., Mader R., Blochl Daum B., Steger G., Rainer H. Poly(I).poly(C), a potential drug carrier for the antitumor agent mitoxantrone: in vitro drug binding study. Cancer Chemother.Pharmacol. 1987; 20: 81
  • Bally M.B., Nayar R., Masin D., Hope M.J., Cullis P.R., Mayer L.D. Liposomes with entrapped doxorubicin exhibit extended blood residence times. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 1990; 1023: 133
  • Gabizon A., Papahadjopoulos D. The role of surface charge and hydrophilic groups on liposome clearance in vivo. Biochim.Biophys.Acta 1992; 1103: 94

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.