Birth Order and Myopia

References

• Saw SM, Gazzard G, Shih-Yen EC, Chua WH. Myopia and associated pathological complications. Ophthalmic Physiolog Optics 2005;25(5):381–391
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wojciechowski R. Nature and nurture: the complex genetics of myopia and refractive error. Clin Genet 2011;79(4):301–320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones LA, Sinnott LT, Mutti DO, et al. Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48(8):3524–3532
   Google Scholar
• Ip JM, Huynh SC, Robaei D, et al. Ethnic differences in refraction and ocular biometry in a population-based sample of 11–15-year-old Australian children. Eye 2007;22(5):649–656
   Google Scholar
• Chen Y-P, Hocking PM, Wang L, et al. Selective breeding for susceptibility to myopia reveals a gene-environment interaction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:4003–4011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenfield M, Gilmartin B. Myopia and nearwork: Causation or merely association? In: Myopia and nearwork. Rosenfield M, Gilmartin B, eds. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1998
   Google Scholar
• Mutti DO, Zadnik K. Has near work’s star fallen? Optometry Vision Sci 2009;86(2):76–78
   Google Scholar
• Mutti DO, Mitchell GL, Moeschberger ML, et al. Parental myopia, near work, school achievement, and children’s refractive error. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43(12):3633–3640
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ip JM, Saw SM, Rose KA, et al. Role of near work in myopia: findings in a sample of Australian school children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49(7):2903–2910
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose KA, Morgan IG, Ip J, et al. Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children. Ophthalmology 2008;115(8):1279–1285
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saw S-M, Hong C-Y, Chia K-S, et al. Nearwork and myopia in young children. Lancet 2001;357(February 3):390
   Google Scholar
• Dirani M, Tong L, Gazzard G, et al. Outdoor activity and myopia in Singapore teenage children. Br J Ophthalmol 2009;93:997–1000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahi JS, Cumberland PM, Peckham CS. Myopia over the lifecourse: prevalence and early life influences in the 1958 British Birth Cohort. Ophthalmology 2011;118(5):797–804
   Google Scholar
• Rudnicka AR, Owen CG, Richards M, et al. Effect of breastfeeding and sociodemographic factors on visual outcome in childhood and adolescence. Am J Clin Nutr 2008;87(5):1392–1399
   Google Scholar
• Stone RA, Wilson LB, Ying GS, et al. Associations between childhood refraction and parental smoking. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006;47(10):4277–4287
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saw SM, Chia KS, Lindstrom JM, et al. Childhood myopia and parental smoking. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88(7):934–937
   Google Scholar
• Ip JM, Robaei D, Kifley A, et al. Prevalence of hyperopia and associations with eye findings in 6- and 12-year-olds. Ophthalmology 2007;115(4):678–685
   Google Scholar
• Douglas JWB, Ross JM, Simpson HR. The ability and attainment of short-sighted pupils. J Royal Stat Soc Series A (General) 1967;130(4):479–504
   Google Scholar
• Peckham CS, Gardiner PA, Goldstein H. Acquired myopia in 11-year-old children. Br Med J 1977;1(6060):542–545
   Google Scholar
• Becker G. Visual-acuity, birth-order, achievement versus affiliation, and other Edwards personal preference schedule scores. J Psychosomatic Res 1965;9(3):277–283
   Google Scholar
• Basu SK, Jindal A. Genetic aspects of myopia among the Shia Muslin Dawoodi Bohras of Udaipur, Rajsthan. Human Heredity 1983;33:163–169
   Google Scholar
• Hibbeln JR, Davis JM, Steer C, et al. Maternal seafood consumption in pregnancy and neurodevelopmental outcomes in childhood (ALSPAC study): an observational cohort study. Lancet 2007;369(9561):578–585
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leary S, Smith GD, Ness A, Alspac Study T. Smoking during pregnancy and components of stature in offspring. Am J Human Biol 2006;18(4):502–512
   Google Scholar
• Zylbermann R, Landau D, Berson D. The influence of study habits on myopia in Jewish teenagers. J Pediatric Ophthalmol Strabismus 1993;30:319–322
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guggenheim JA, Northstone K, McMahon G, et al. Time outdoors and physical activity as predictors of incident myopia in childhood: a prospective cohort study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012;53:2856–2865
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones-Jordan LA, Mitchell GL, Cotter SA, et al. Visual activity prior to and following the onset of juvenile myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011;52:1841–1850
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams C, Miller LL, Gazzard G, Saw SM. A comparison of measures of reading and intelligence as risk factors for the development of myopia in a UK cohort of children. Br J Ophthalmol 2008;92(8):1117–1121
   Google Scholar
• Golding J, Pembrey M, Jones R, the ALSPAC Study Team. ALSPAC – The Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. I. Study methodology. Paediatr Perinatal Epidemi 2001;15(1):74–87
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saw SM, Tong L, Chua WH, et al. Incidence and progression of myopia in Singaporean school children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46(1):51–57
   Google Scholar
• Saw SM, Tan SB, Fung D, et al. IQ and the association with myopia in children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004;45(9):2943–2948
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mandel Y, Grotto I, El-Yaniv R, et al. Season of birth, natural light, and myopia. Ophthalmology 2008;115(4):686–692
   Google Scholar
• Bar Dayan Y, Levin A, Morad Y, et al. The changing prevalence of myopia in young adults: a 13-year series of population-based prevalence surveys. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005;46(8):2760–2765
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan CW, Ramamurthy D, Saw SM. Worldwide prevalence and risk factors for myopia. Ophthalmic Physiolog Optics 2012;32(1):3–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davey Smith G, Leary S, Ness A, Lawlor DA. Challenges and novel approaches in the epidemiological study of early life influences on later disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2009;646:1–14
   Google Scholar
• Cardwell CR, Stene LC, Joner G, et al. Birth order and childhood type 1 diabetes risk: a pooled analysis of 31 observational studies. Int J Epidemiol 2011;40(2):363–374
   Google Scholar
• Kemppainen L, Veijola J, Jokelainen J, et al. Birth order and risk for schizophrenia: a 31-year follow-up of the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2001;104(2):148–152
   Google Scholar
• Ohfuji S, Miyake Y, Arakawa M, et al. Sibship size and prevalence of allergic disorders in Japan: the Ryukyus Child Health Study. Pediatric Allergy Immunol 2009;20(4):377–384
   Google Scholar
• Von Behren J, Spector LG, Mueller BA, et al. Birth order and risk of childhood cancer: a pooled analysis from five US States. Int J Cancer 2011;128(11):2709–2716
   Google Scholar
• Magnus P, Berg K, Bjerkedal T. The association of parity and birth-weight – Testing the sensitization hypothesis. Early Human Develop 1985;12(1):49–54
   Google Scholar
• Ong KK, Dunger DB. Birth weight, infant growth and insulin resistance. Eur J Endocrinol 2004;151(Suppl. 3):U131–139
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ong KKL, Ahmed ML, Emmett PM, et al. Association between postnatal catch-up growth and obesity in childhood: prospective cohort study. Br Med J 2000;320(7240):967–971
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong KKL, Preece MA, Emmett PM, et al. Size at birth and early childhood growth in relation to maternal smoking, parity and infant breast-feeding: longitudinal birth cohort study and analysis. Pediatric Res 2002;52(6):863–867
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu X, Wallman J. Glucagon and insulin have opposite effects on compensation for spectacle lenses in chicks. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009;50:24–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldkaemper MP, Neacsu I, Schaeffel F. Insulin acts as a powerful stimulator of axial myopia in chicks. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009;50:13–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• He M, Zheng Y, Xiang F. Prevalence of myopia in urban and rural children in mainland China. Optometry Vision Sci 2009;86(1):40–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ip JM, Rose K, Morgan I, et al. Myopia and the urban environment: findings for a sample of 12-year old Australian school children. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008;49(9):3858–3863
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shih YF, Chiang TH, Hsiao CK, et al. Comparing myopic progression of urban and rural Taiwanese schoolchildren. Jap J Ophthalmol 2010;54(5):446–451
   Google Scholar