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Original Article

Topical retinol improves cellulite

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Pages 119-125 | Received 20 Apr 1998, Accepted 04 Nov 1998, Published online: 12 Jul 2009

References

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  • Nurnberger F, Muller G (1974) Architectural structure of the subcutaneous layer and morphokinetics of “cellulite”. Proceedings of the XIV International Congress of Dermatology, Padua-Venice, 22–27 May, 1972. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, 868–9
  • Schwartz E, Crueckshank F A, Mezick J A, Kligman A M. Topical all-trans retinoic acid stimulates collagen synthesis in vivo. J Invest Dermatol 1991; 96: 975–8
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  • Kurlandsky S B, Xiao J A, Duell E A, et al. Biological activity of all-trans retinol requires metabolic conversion to all-trans retinoic acid and is mediated through activation of nuclear retinoid receptors in human keratinocytes. J Biol Chem 1994; 269: 32821–7
  • Duell E A, Kang S, Voorhees J J. Unoccluded retinol penetrates human skin in vivo more effectively than unoccluded retinyl palmitate or retinoic acid. J Invest Dermatol 1997; 109: 301–5
  • Kang J, Duell E A, Fisher G J, et al. Application of retinol to human skin in vivo induces epidermal hyperplasia and cellular retinoid binding proteins characteristic of retinoic acid but without measurable retinoic acid levels or irritation. J Invest Dermatol 1995; 105: 549
  • Kligman A M, Dogadkina D, Lavker R M. Effects of topical tretinoin on non-sun-exposed protected skin of the elderly. J Am Acad Derm 1993; 29: 25–33

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