300
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Nerve Cell Loss in the Developing Cerebellum

The effect of mobile phone on the number of Purkinje cells: A stereological study

, , , , &
Pages 548-554 | Received 10 Jul 2009, Accepted 06 Feb 2010, Published online: 15 Jun 2010

References

  • Aalto S, Haarala C, Brück A, Sipilä H, Hämäläinen H, Rinne JO. 2006. Mobile phone affects cerebral blood flow in humans. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 26:885–890.
  • Albert EN, Sherif MF, Papadopoulos NJ, Slaby FJ, Monahan J. 1981a. Effect of non-ionizing radiation on the Purkinje cells of the rat cerebellum. Bioelectromagnetics 2:247–257.
  • Albert EN, Sherif MF, Papadopoulos NJ. 1981b. Effect of non-ionizing radiation on the Purkinje cells of the uvula in squirrel monkey cerebellum. Bioelectromagnetics 2:241–246.
  • Alder J, Cho NK, Hatten ME. 1996. Embryonic precursor cells from the rhombic lib are specified to cerebellar granular neuron identity. Neuron 17:389–399.
  • Altman J. 1972. Postnatal development of the cerebellar cortex in the rat 3: Maturation of the components of the granular layer. The Journal of Comparative Neurology 145:465–513.
  • Aydinlioglu A, Arslan K, Cengiz N, Ragbetli M, Erdogan E. 2006. The relationships of dog hippocampus to sex and paw preference. International Journal of Neuroscience 116:77–88.
  • Barcal J, Vozeh F. 2007. Effect of whole-body exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic field on the brain cortical neuron and hippocampal activity in mouse experimental model. NeuroQuantology 3:292–303.
  • Bossenmeyer-Pourie C, Chihab R, Schroeder H, Daval JL. 1999. Transient hypoxia may lead to neuronal proliferation in the developing mammalian brain: From apostosis to cell cycle completion. Neuroscience 91:221–231.
  • Brillaud E, Piotrowski A, Seze R. 2007. Effect of an acute 900MHz GSM exposure on glia in the rat brain: A time-dependent study. Toxicology 238:23–33.
  • D'Costa H, Trueman G, Tang L, Abdel-rahman U, Abdel-rahman W, Ong K, Cosic I. 2003. Human brain wave activity during exposure to radiofrequency fields emissions from mobile phones. Australasian Physical and Engineering Sciences in Medicine 26:162–167.
  • Eliyahu I, Luria R, Hareuveny R, Margaliot M, Merian N, Shani G. 2006. Effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted by cellular telephones on cognitive functions on the humans. Bioelectromagnetics 27:119–126.
  • Ferreri F, Curcio G, Pasqualetti P, De Gennaro L, Fini R, Rossini PM. 2006. Mobile phone emissions and human excitability. Annals of Neurology 60:188–196.
  • Finnie JW, Cai Z, Blumbergs PC, Manavis J, Kuchel TR. 2006. Expression of the immediate early gene c-fos in fetal brain after whole gestation exposure of pregnant mice to global system for mobile communication microwaves. Pathology 38:333–335.
  • Friedman DR, Hatch EE, Tarone R, Kaune WT, Kleinerman RA, Wacholder S, Boice JD Jr, Linet MS. 1996. Childhood exposure to magnetic fields: Residential area measurements compared to personal dosimetry. Epidemiology 7:151–155.
  • Gökcimen A, Rağbetli MC, Bas O, Turc AT, Aslan H, Yazici C, Kaplan S. 2007. Effect of prenatal exposure to an anti-inflammatory drug on neuron number in cornu ammonis and dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus: A stereological study. Brain Research 1127:185–192.
  • Gundersen HJG. 1986. Stereology of arbitrary particles. A review of unbiased number and size estimators and the presentation of some new ones in memory of William R Thomson. Journal of Microscopy 143:3–45.
  • Gundersen HJG, Jensen EB. 1987. The efficacy of systematic sampling in stereology and its prediction Journal of Microscopy 147:229–263.
  • Hamblin DL, Wood AW. 2002. Effects of mobile phone emissions on human brain activity and sleep variables. International Journal of Radiation Biology 78:659–669.
  • Howard CV, Reed MG. 1998. Unbiased stereology three-dimensional measurements in microscopy, Oxford: BIOS Scientific Publishers.
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) Standards Board. 1992. IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, 3 kHz to 300 GHz. Technical report IEEE C95.1–1991, New York: IEEE.
  • Kheifets L, Repacholi M, Saunders R, van Deventer E. 2005. The sensitivity of children to electromagnetic fields. Pediatrics 116:303–313.
  • Koivisto M, Krause CM, Revonsuo A, Laine M, Hämäläinen H. 2000. The effects of electromagnetic field emitted by GSM phones on working memory. Neuroreport 11:1642–1643.
  • Krause CM, Haarala C, Sillanmaki L, Koivisto M, Alanko K, Revonsuo A, Laine M, Hamalainen H. 2004. Effects of electromagnetic field emitted by cellular phones on EEG during an auditory memory task: A double blind replication study. Bioelectromagnetics 25:33–40.
  • Kumlin T, Iivonen H, Miettinen P, Juvenen A, van Groen T, Puranen L, Pitäaho R, Juutilainen J, Tanila H. 2007. Mobile phone radiation and the developing brain: Behavioral and morphological effect in juvenile rats. Radiation Research 168:471–479.
  • Lee GM, Neutra RR, Hristova L, Yost M, Hiatt RA. 2002. A nested case-control study of residential and personal magnetic field measures and miscarriages. Epidemiology 13:21–31.
  • Li DK, Odouli R, Wi S, Janevic T, Golditch I, Bracken TD, Senior R, Rankin R, Iriye R. 2002. A population-based prospective cohort study of personal exposure to magnetic fields during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage. Epidemology 13:9–20.
  • Li P, McLaughlin J, Infante-Rivard C. 2009. Maternal occupational exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields and the risks of brain cancer in the offspring. Cancer Causes and Controls 20:945–955.
  • Maier R, Greter SE, Maier N. 2004. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on cognitive processes. A pilot study on pulsed field interference with cognitive regeneration. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica 110:46–52.
  • Mausset-Bonnefont AL, Hirbec H, Bonnefont X, Privat A, Vignon J, de Sèze R. 2004. Acute exposure to GSM 900-MHz electromagnetic fields induces glial reactivity and biochemical modifications in the rat brain. Neurobiology of Disease 17:445–454.
  • Mezei G, Gadallah M, Kheifets L. 2008. Residential magnetic field exposure and childhood brain cancer. Epidemiology 19:424–430.
  • Miller DB, Blackman CF, O'Callaghan JP. 1987. An increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein follows brain hyperthermia in rats. Brain Research 415:371–374.
  • Nittby H, Grafström G, Tian DP, Malmgren L, Brun A, Persson BR, Salford LG, Eberhardt J. 2008. Cognitive impairment in rats after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 29:219–232.
  • Ono T, Saito Y, Komura J, Ikehata H, Tarusawa Y, Nojima T, Goukon K, Ohba Y, Wang J, Fujiwara O, Sato R. 2004. Absence of mutagenic effects of 245 GHz radiofrequency exposure in spleen liver brain and testis of lacZ-transgenic mouse exposed in utero. The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 202:93–103.
  • Parkins EJ. 1997. Cerebellum and cerebrum in adaptive control and cognition: A review. Biological Cybernetics 77:79–87.
  • Preece AW, Iwi G, Davies-Smith A, Wesnes K, Butler S, Lim E, Varey A. 1999. Effect of a 915-MHz simulated mobile phone signal on cognitive function in man. International Journal of Radiation Biology 75:447–456.
  • Pugliese M, Gangitano C, Ceccariglia S, Lluis C, Fa AD, Rodriguez MJ, Michetti F, Mascort J, Mahy N. 2007. Canine cognitive dysfunction and cerebellum: Acetylcholinesterase reduction neuronal and glial changes. Brain Research 1139:85–94.
  • Rağbetli MC, Ozyurt B, Aslan H, Odaci E, Gökcimen A, Sahin B, Kaplan S. 2007. Effect of prenatal exposure to diclofenac sodium on Purkinje cell numbers in rat cerebellum: A stereological study. Brain Research 1174:130–135.
  • Rağbetli MC, Aydinlioglu A, Koyun N, Rağbetli C, Karayel M. 2009. Effect of prenatal exposure to mobile phone on pyramidal cell numbers in the mouse hippocampus: A stereological study. International Journal of Neuroscience 119:1031–1041.
  • Regel SJ, Tinguely G, Schderer J, Adam M, Kuster N, Landolt HP, Achermann P. 2007. Pulsed radio-frequency electromagnetic fields: Dose-dependent effects on sleep, the sleep EEG and cognitive performance. Journal of Sleep Research 16:253–258.
  • Reister H, Dimpfel W, Schober F. 1995. The influence of electromagnetic field on human brain activity. European Journal of Medical Research 1:27–32.
  • Rodier PM. 1980. Chronology of neuron development: Animal studies and their clinical implications. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 22:525–545.
  • Saito T, Nitta H, Kubo O, Yamamoto S, Yamaguchi N, Akiba S, Honda Y, Hagihara J, Isaka K, Ojima T, Nakamura Y, Mizoue T, Ito S, Eboshida A, Yamazaki S, Sokejima S, Kurokawa Y, Kubuto M. 2010. Power-frequency magnetic fields and childhood brain tumors: A case-control study in Japan. Journal of Epidemiology 20:54–61.
  • Salford LG, Brun A, Sturesson K, Eberhardt JL, Persson BR. 1994. Permeability of the blood-brain barrier induced by 915 MHz electromagnetic radiation continuous wave and modulated at 8, 16, 50, and 200 Hz. Microscopy Research and Technique 27:535–542.
  • Salford LG, Brun AE, Eberhardt JL, Malmgren L, Persson BRR. 2003. Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Environmental Health Perspectives 111:881–883.
  • Schmitz C, Born M, Dolezel P, Rutten BPF, De Saint-Georges L, Hof PR, Korr H. 2005. Prenatal protracted irradiation at very low dose rate induces severe neuronal loss in rat hippocampus and cerebellum. Neuroscience 130:935–948.
  • Takashima S, Onaral B, Schwan HP. 1979. Effect of modulated RF energy on the EEG of mammalian brains. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 16:15–27.
  • Thorlin T, Rouquette JM, Hamnerius Y, Hansson E, Persson M, Björklund U, Rosengren L, Rönnbäck L, Persson M. 2006. Exposure of cultured astroglial and microglial brain cells to 900 MHz microwave radiation. Radiation Research 166:409–421.
  • Wallace VA. 1999. Purkinje-cell-derived Sonic hedgehog regulates granule neuron precursor cell proliferation in developing mouse cerebellum. Current Biology 9:445–448.
  • West MJ, Slomianka L, Gundersen HJG. 1991. Unbiased stereological estimation of the total number of neurons in the subdivisions of the rat hippocampus using the optical fractionator. The Anatomical Record 231:482–497.
  • World Health Organisation (WHO) Workshop. 2004. Sensitivity of children to electromagnetic fields, June 9–10; Istanbul, Turkey.
  • Xu S, Ning W, Xu Z, Zhou S, Chiang H, Luo J. 2006. Chronic exposure to GSM 1800-MHz microwaves reduces excitatory synaptic activity in cultured hippocampal neurons. Neuroscience Letters 398:253–257.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.