Elastic scattering cross section models used for Monte Carlo simulation of electron tracks in media of biological and medical interest

References

• Aouchiche H, Champion C, Oubaziz D. 2008. Electron and positron elastic scattering in gaseous and liquid water: A comparative study. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 77:107–114.
   Google Scholar
• Bote D, Salvat F, Jablonski A, Powell CJ. 2009. The effect of inelastic absorption on the elastic scattering of electrons and positrons in amorphous solids. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 175:41–54.
   Google Scholar
• Bousis C, Emfietzoglou D, Nikjoo H, Hadjidoukas P, Pathak A. 2009. The effects of energy-loss straggling and elastic scattering models on Monte Carlo calculations of dose distribution functions for 10 keV to 1 MeV incident electrons in water. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 267:1725–1732.
   Google Scholar
• Brenner DJ, Zaider M. 1983. A computationally convenient parameterization of experimental angular distributions of low energy electrons elastically scattered off water vapour. Physics in Medicine and Biology 29:443–447.
   Google Scholar
• Buckman S, Elford M, Brunger M. 2003. Integral cross sections for elastic scattering from molecules (Chapter 6.2). Itikawa Y. Landolt-Börnstein, Numerical Data and Functional Relationships in Science and Technology. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Caprasecca S, Gorfinkiel J, Bouchiha D, Caron LG. 2009. Multiple scattering approach to elastic electron collisions with molecular clusters. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 42(095205):1–7.
   Google Scholar
• Caron L, Sanche L, Tonzani S, Greene CH. 2008. Diffraction in low-energy electron scattering from DNA: Bridging gas-phase and solid-state theory. Physical Review A 78(042710):1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Champion C, Incerti S, Aouchiche H, Oubaziz D. 2009. A free-parameter theoretical model for describing the electron elastic scattering in water in the GEANT4 toolkit. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 78:745–750.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho H, Park YS, Tanaka H, Buckman SJ. 2004. Measurements of elastic electron scattering by water vapour extended to backward angles. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 37:625–634.
   Google Scholar
• Danjo A, Nishimura H. 1985. Elastic scattering of electrons from H2O molecule. Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 54:1224–1227.
   Google Scholar
• Dingfelder M, Anderson T, McLawhoen RA, Shinpaugh JL, Toburen LH. 2008. Electron emission from foils and biological materials after proton impact. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 77:1213–1217.
   Google Scholar
• Emfietzoglou D, Karava K, Papamichael G, Moscovitch M. 2003. Monte Carlo simulation of the energy loss of low-energy electrons in liquid water. Physics in Medicine and Biology 48:2355–2371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernandez-Varea JM, Mayol R, Salvat F. 1993. Cross sections for elastic scattering of fast electrons and positrons by atoms. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 82:39–45.
   Google Scholar
• Fitting H, Reinhardt J. 1985. Monte-Carlo simulation of keV-electron scattering in solid targets. Physica Status Solidi A – Applied Research 88:245–259.
   Google Scholar
• Furlan M, Hubin-Franskin M, Delwiche J, Collin JE. 1991. Absolute vibrational differential cross sections of water vapor by 30 and 50 eV electron impact. The Journal of Chemical Physics 95:1671–1675.
   Google Scholar
• Gote M, Ehrhardt H. 1995. Rotational excitation of diatomic molecules at intermediate energies: Absolute differential state-to-state transition cross sections for electron scattering from N2, Cl2, CO and HCl. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 28:3957–3986.
   Google Scholar
• Grosswendt B, Waibel E. 1978. Transport of low energy electrons in nitrogen and air. Nuclear Instruments and Methods 155:145–156.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ICRU Report 77: Elastic Scattering of Electrons and Positrons. Journal of the ICRU (2007) 7:1. (Oxford University Press, http://jicru.oxfordjournals.org/)
   Google Scholar
• Itikawa Y, Mason N. 2005. Cross sections for electron collisions with water molecules. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 34:1–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Itikawa Y. 2006. Cross sections for electron collisions with nitrogen molecules. Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 35:31–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnstone W, Newell W. 1991. Absolute vibrationally elastic cross sections for electrons scattered from water molecules between 6 eV and 50 eV. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 24:3633–3643.
   Google Scholar
• Katase A, Ishibashi K, Matsumoto Y, Sakae T, Maezono S, Murakami E, Watanbe K, Maki H. 1986. Elastic scattering of electrons by water molecules over the range 100–1000 eV. Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 19:2715–2734.
   Google Scholar
• Khakoo MA, Silva H, Muse J, Lopes MCA, Winstead C, McKoy V. 2008. Electron scattering from H2O: Elastic scattering. Physical Review A 78(052710):1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Liljequist D. 2008. A study of errors in trajectory simulation with relevance for 0.2–50 eV electrons in liquid water. Radiation Physics and Chemistry 77:835–853.
   Google Scholar
• Liljequist D, Salvat F, Mayol R, Ismail M, Martinez JD. 1990. Transport mean free path tabulated for the multiple elastic scattering of electrons and positrons at energies ≤20 MeV. Journal of Applied Physics 68:3061–3065.
   Google Scholar
• Michaud M, Wen A, Sanche L. 2003. Cross sections for low-energy (1–100 eV) electron elastic and inelastic scattering in amorphous ice. Radiation Research 159:3–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mott NF, Massey HSW. 1965. The theory of atomic collisions. 2nd Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Neuefeind J, Benmore CJ, Tomberli B, Egelstaff PA. 2002. Experimental determination of the electron density of liquid H2O and D2O. Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 14:L429–433.
   Google Scholar
• Nikjoo H, Uehara S, Emfietzoglou D, Cucinotta FA. 2006. Track structure codes in radiation research. Radiation Measurements 41 (9–10):1052–1074.
   Google Scholar
• National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database 64. 2003. NIST Electron Elastic-Scattering Cross-Section Database: Version 3.1. Gaithersburg, MD: NIST.
   Google Scholar
• Salvat F. 2003. Optical-model potential for electron and positron elastic scattering by atoms. Physical Review A 68(012708):1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Salvat F, Jablonski A, Powell CJ. 2005. ELSEPA – Dirac partial-wave calculation of elastic scattering of electrons and positrons by atoms, positive ions and molecules. Computer Physics Communications 165:157–190.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shyn TW, Carignan GR. 1980. Angular distribution of electrons elastically scattered from gases: 1.5–400 eV on N2. II. Physical Review A 22:923–929.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shyn TW, Grafe A. 1992. Angular distribution of electrons elastically scattered from water vapor. Physical Review A 46:4406–4409.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silva H, Muse J, Lopes MCA, Khakoo MA. 2008. Low energy elastic differential electron scattering from H2O. Physical Review Letters 101(033201):1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Tabata T, Shirai T, Sataka M, Kubo H. 2006. Analytic cross sections for electron impact collisions with nitrogen molecules. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables 92:375–406.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uehara S, Nikjoo H, Goodhead T. 1992. Cross-sections for water vapour for the Monte Carlo electron track structure code from 10 eV to the MeV region. Physics in Medicine and Biology 37:1841–1858.
   Google Scholar
• Yalcin S, Gurler O, Gultekin A, Gunogdu O. 2006. An analytical expression for electron elastic scattering cross section from atoms and molecules in 1.0 keV to 1.0 MeV energy range. Physics Letters A 356:138–145.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang R, Faure A, Tennyson J. 2009. Electron and positron collisions with polar molecules: Studies with the benchmark water molecule. Physica Scripta 80(015301):1–7.
   Google Scholar