Spatial memory and learning performance and its relationship to protein synthesis of Swiss albino mice exposed to 10 GHz microwaves

References

• Agarwal A, Prabakaran SA. 2005. Mechanism, measurement and prevention of oxidative stress in male reproductive physiology. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 43:963–974.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ammari M, Jacquet A, Lecomte A, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H, Seze RD. 2008. Effect of head-only sub-chronic and chronic exposure to 900-MHz GSM electromagnetic fields on spatial memory in rats. Brain Injury 22:1021–1029.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ballardin M, Tusa I, Fontana N, Monorchio A, Pelletti C, Rogovich A, Barale R, Scarpato R. 2011. Non-thermal effects of 2.45 GHz microwaves on spindle assembly, mitotic cells and viability of Chinese hamster V-79 cells. Mutation Research 716:1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baste V, Rise T, Moen BE. 2003. Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields; male infertility and sex ratio of offspring. European Journal of Epidemiology 23:369–377.
   Google Scholar
• Belyaev IY, Koch CB, Terenius O, Roxstrom-Lindquist K, Malmgren LO, Sommer WH, Salford LG, Persson BR. 2006. Exposure of rat brain to 915 MHz GSM microwaves induces changes in gene expression but not double stranded DNA breaks or effects on chromatin conformation. Bioelectromagnetics 27:295–306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bise W. 1978. Low power radio-frequency and microwave effects on human electroencephalogram and behavior. Physiological Chemistry and Physics 10:387–398.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bradford MM. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principal of protein-by binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72:248–254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brandeis R, Dachir S, Sapir M, Levy A, Fisher A. 1990. Reversal of age-related cognitive impairments by an M1 cholinergic agonist, AF102B. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behaviour 36:89–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calabrò E, Condello, S, Currò M, Ferlazzo N, Caccamo D, Magazù S, Lentile R. 2012. Modulation of HSP response in SH-SY5Y cells following exposure to microwaves of a mobile phone. World Journal of Biological Chemistry 3:34–40.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Calabrò E, Magazù S. 2010. Inspections of mobile phone microwaves effects on proteins secondary structure by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2:607–617.
   Google Scholar
• D’Andrea JA. 1991. Microwave radiation absorption: Behavioral effects. Health Physics 61:29–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels WM, Pitout IL, Afullo TJ, Mabandla MV. 2009. The effect of electromagnetic radiation in the mobile phone range on the behaviour of the rat. Metabolic Brain Disease 24:629–641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deshmukh P, Megha K, Banerjee BD, Abegaonkar MP, Ahmed RS, Tripathi AK, Mediratta PK. 2012. Modulation of heat shock protein level and cognitive impairment in Fischer rats exposed to low level microwave radiation. Asiatic Journal of Biotech Research 3: 1391–1399.
   Google Scholar
• Durney CH, Iskander MF, Massoudi H, Durney CH, Iskander MF, Massoudi H, Johnson CC. 1984. An empirical formula for broad band SAR calculations of prolate spheroidal models of humans and animal. In: Osepchuk JM, editor. Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Radiation. New York: IEEE Press. pp 85–90.
   Google Scholar
• Fragopoulou AF, Samara A, Antonelou MH, Xanthopoulou A, Papadopoulou A, Vougas K, Koutsogiannopoulou E, Anastasiadou E, Stravopodis DJ, Tsangaris GT, Lukas H. 2012. Brain proteome response following whole body exposure of mice to mobile phone or wireless DECT base radiation. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 31:250–274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gallagher M, Pelleymounter MA. 1988. Spatial learning deficits in old rats: A model for memory decline in the aged. Neurobiology of Aging 9:549–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galli F, Piroddi M, Annetti C, Aisa C, Floridi E, Floridi A. 2005. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species. Contributions to Nephrology 149:240–260.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansson HA. 1988. Effects on the nervous system by exposure to electromagnetic fields: Experimental and clinical studies in electromagnetic fields and neurobehavioral function. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 257:119–134.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Houten BV, Woshner V, Santos JH. 2006. Role of mitochondrial DNA in toxic responses to oxidative stress. DNA Repair (Amst) 5:145–152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Isa AR. 1991. Non-ionizing radiation exposure causing ill-health and alopecia areata. Medicinal Journal of Malaysia 40:235–238.
   Google Scholar
• Jauchem JR. 2008. Effects of low-level radio-frequency (3 kHz to 300 GHz) energy on human cardiovascular, reproductive, immune, and other systems: A review of the recent literature. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 211:1–29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kikuchi S, Shinpo K, Takeuchi M, Yamagishi S, Makita Z, Sasaki N, Tashiro K. 2003. Glycation – a sweet tempter for neuronal death. Brain Research 41:306–323.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klann E, Sweatt JD. 2008. Altered protein synthesis is a trigger for long-term memory formation. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 89:247–259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koivisto M, Revonsuo A, Krause C, Haarala C, Sillanmäki L, Laine M, Hämäläinen H. 2000. Effects of 902 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular telephones on response times in humans. Neuroreport 11:413–415.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause CM, Sillanmäki L, Koivisto M, Häggqvist A, Saarela C, Revonsuo A, Laine M, Hämäläinen H. 2000. Effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by cellular phones on the electroencephalogram during a visual working memory task. International Journal of Radiation Research 76:1659–1667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Behari J, Sisodia R. 2012. Impact of microwave at X-band aetiology of male infertility. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine 31:223–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Kesari KK, Behari J. 2010. Evaluation of genotoxic effects in male Wistar rats following microwave exposure. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology 48:586–592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwon MS, Vorobyev V, Kännälä S, Laine M, Rinne JO, Toivonen T, Johansson J, Teräs M, Lindholm H, Alanko T, Hämäläinen H. 2011. GSM mobile phone radiation suppresses brain glucose metabolism. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 31:2293–2301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence JC. 1968. Effect of microwaves at X-band on guinea-pig skin in tissue culture. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 25:223–228.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li M, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhou Z, Yu Z. 2008. Elevation of plasma corticosterone levels and hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor translocation in rats: A potential mechanism for cognition impairment following chronic low-power-density microwave exposure. Journal of Radiation Research 49:163–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu R, Liu IY, Bi X, Thompson RF, Doctrow SR, Malfroy B, Baudry M. 2003. Reversal of age-related learning deficits and brain oxidative stress in mice with superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetics. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences 100:8526–8531.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu Y, Xu S, He M, Chen C, Zhang L, Liu C, Chu F, Yu Z, Zhou Z, Zhong M. 2012. Glucose administration attenuates spatial memory deficits induced by chronic low-power-density microwave exposure. Physiology and Behavior 106:631–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mailankot M, Kunnath AP, Jayalekshmi H, Koduru B, Valsalan R. 2009. Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation (RF-EMR) from GSM (0.9/1.8GHz) mobile phones induces oxidative stress and reduces sperm motility in rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 64:561–565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurtrey JJ. 2002. Microwave bioeffect congruence with schizophrenia. Available at http://www.slavery.org.uk/FutureResearch.html.
   Google Scholar
• Moghimi A, Baharara J, Musavi SS. 2009. Effect of mobile phone microwaves on fetal period of BALB/c mice in histological characteristics of hippocampus and learning behaviors. Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences 150:150–157.
   Google Scholar
• Morris RGM. 1981. Spatial localization does not depend on the presence of local cues. Learning and Motivation 12:239–260.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayanan SN, Kumar RS, Potu BK, Nayak S, Mailankot M. 2009. Spatial memory performance of Wistar rats exposed to mobile phone. Clinics 64:231–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nittby H, Grafström G, Tian DP, Malmgren L, Brun A, Persson BR, Salford LG, Eberhardt J. 2008. Cognitive impairment in rats after long-term exposure to GSM-900 mobile phone radiation. Bioelectromagnetics 29:219–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paulraj R, Behari J. 2004. Radiofrequency radiation effect on protein kinase C activity in rat's brain. Mutation Research 585:127–131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Prato FS, Frappier JR, Shivers RR, Kavaliers M, Zabel P, Drost D, Lee TY. 1990. Magnetic resonance imaging increases the blood brain barrier permeability to 153-gadonium diethylene triaminepentaacetic acid in rats. Brain Research 523:301–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Risling M, Malm E, Angeria M, Malmgren M. 2009. Studies on effects of high power microwaves in cell cultures. Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium, Beijing, China, March 23–27, 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Robbins MEC, Zhao W. 2004. Chronic oxidative stress and radiation-induced late normal tissue injury: A review. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics 80:251–259.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Routtenberg A, Rekart JL. 2005. Post-translational protein modification as the substrate for long-lasting memory. Trends in Neurosciences 28:12–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salford LG, Brun AR, Eberhardt JL, Malmgen L, Persson BRR. 2003. Nerve cell damage in mammalian brain after exposure to microwaves from GSM mobile phones. Environmental Health Perspectives 111:881–883.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shakya AK, Sharma N, Saxena M, Shrivastava S, Shukla S. 2011. Evaluation of the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of Majoon-e-Dabeed-ul-ward against carbontetrachloride induced liver injury. Experimental Toxicology Pathology 64:767–773.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shirley A, Carney SA, Lawrence JC, Ricketts CR. 1968. Effect of microwaves at X-band on guinea- pig skin in tissue culture: 2. Effect of radiation on skin biochemistry. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 25:229–234.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Singh S, Sharma KV, Ahaskar M, Sisodia R. 2008. Protective role of Grewia asiatica on blood after radiation exposure in mice. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 5:1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Sisodia R, Singh S, Mundotiya C, Meghnani E, Srivastava P. 2011. Radioprotection of Swiss albino mice by Prunus avium with special reference to the hematopoietic system. Journal of Environmental Pathology Toxicology Oncology 30:53–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skaper SD, Fabris M, Ferrari V, Dalle Carbonare M, Leon A. 1997. Quercetin protects cutaneous tissue-associated cell types including sensory neurons from oxidative stress induced by glutathione depletion: Cooperative effects of ascorbic acid. Journal of Free Radical Biology and Medicine 22:669–678.
   Google Scholar
• Sri Nageswari K. 2003. Biological effects of microwave and mobile telephone. Proceedings of the international conference on nonionizing radiation at UNITEN (ICNIR). Electromagnetic fields and our Health1–11.
   Google Scholar
• Stuchley MA. 1988. Biological effects of radiofrequency fields. In: Repacholi MH, editor. Nonionizing radiations, physical characterization, biological effects and health hazard assessment. Proceeding for the International Non-Ionizing Radiation Workshop, Melbourne, Australia. pp 197–217.
   Google Scholar
• Verma R, Sisodia R, Bhatia AL. 2002. Radioprotective role of Amaranthus gangeticus: A biochemical study on mice brain. Journal of Medicinal Food 5:189–195.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang B, Lai H. 2000. Acute exposure to pulsed 2450- MHz microwaves affects water- maze performance of rats. Bioelectromagnetics 21: 52–56.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang L, Xu RJ. 2007. The effects of perinatal protein malnutrition on spatial learning and memory behaviour and brain-derived neurotropic factor concentration in the brain tissue in young rats. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 16:467–472.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Willcox JK, Ash SL, Catignani GL. 2004. Antioxidants and prevention of chronic disease. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition 44:275–295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu G, Fang YZ, Yang S, Lupton JR, Turner ND. 2004. Glutathione metabolism and its implication for health. Journal of Nutrition 134:489–492.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshikawa T, Tanigawa M, Tanigawa T, Imai A, Hongo H, Kondo M. 2000. Enhancement of nitric oxide generation by low frequency electromagnetic field. Pathophysiology 7:131–135.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhao L, Peng RY, Wang SM, Wang LF, Gao YB, Dong J, Li X, Su ZT. 2012. Relationship between cognition function and hippocampus structure after long-term microwave exposure. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 25:182–188.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar