First isolation of tryptophan from edible lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) rhizomes and demonstration of its antioxidant effects

References

• Alan GF. 1996. Reactive oxygen species in developmental toxicity: Review and hypothesis. Teratology 53:196–217.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ames BN, Shigenage MK, Hagen TM. 1993. Oxidants, antioxidants, and the generative diseases of aging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90:7915–7922.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bodkin F. 1993. Encyclopaedia Botanica. Australia: Cornstalk Publishing. p 719.
   Google Scholar
• Bown D. 1995. Encyclopaedia of herbs and their uses. London: Dorling Kindersley.
   Google Scholar
• Chen HM, Muramoto K, Yamauchi F, Nokihara K. 1996. Antioxidant activity of designed peptides based on the antioxidative peptide isolated from digests of a soybean protein. J Agric Chem 44:2619–2623.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chuda Y, Ono H, Ohnishikameyama M, Nagata T, Tsushida T. 1996. Stuctural identification of two antioxidant quinic acid derivatives from garland. (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.). J Agric Food Chem 44:2037–2039.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cuvelier ME, Berset C, Richard H. 1994. Antioxidant constituents in sage Salvia officinalis. J Agric Food Chem 42:665–669.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fukutomi J, Fukuda A, Fukuda S, Hara M, Terada A, Yoshida M. 2006. Scavenging activity of indole compounds against cisplatin-induced reactive oxygen species. Life Sciences 80:254–257.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galijasevic S, Abdulhamid I, Abu-Soud HM. 2008. Potential role of tryptophan and chloride in the inhibition of human myeloperoxidase. Free Radic Biol Med 44:1570–1577.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jungst C, Cheng B, Gehrke R, Schramel V, Schirmacher P, Sanerbruch T, Caselmann WH. 2004. Oxidative damage is increased in human liver tissue adjacent to hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 39:1663–1672.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kashiwada Y, Aoshima A, Ikeshiro Y. 2005. Anti-HIV benzylisoquinoline alkaloid and flavonoids from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera and structure activity correlations with related alkaloids. Bioorgan Med Chem 13:443–448.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuloglu M, Ustundag B, Atmaca M, Canatan H, Tezcan AE, Cinkilinc N. 2002. Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Cell Biochem Funct 20:171–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Larson RA. 1988. The antioxidants of higher plants. Phytochemistry 27:969–978.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le FN, Seve B. 2007. Biological roles of tryptophan and its metabolism: Potential implications for pig feeding. Livestock Sci 112:23–32.
   Google Scholar
• Liu F, Ool VEC, Chang ST. 1991. Free radical scavenging activities of mushroom polysaccharide extracts. Life Sci 60:763–771.
   Google Scholar
• Marcuse R. 1962. The effect of some amino acids on the oxidation of linoleic acid and its methyl ester. J Am Oil Chem Soc 39:97.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maruta Y, Kawabata J, Niki R. 1995. Antioxidative caffeoylquinic acid derivatives in the rhizomes of burdock (Arctium lappa L.). J Agric Food Chem 43:2592–2595.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miki M, Tamai H, Mino M, Yamamoto Y, Niki E. 1987. Free-radical chain oxidation of rat red blood cells by molecular oxygen and its inhibition by tocopherol. Arch Biochem Biophys 258:373–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabae K, Hayashi S, Kawabe M, Ichihara T, Hagiwara A, Tamano S, Tsushima Y, Uchida K, Koda T, Nakamura M, 2008. A 90-day oral toxicity study of purple corn color, a natural food colorant in F344 rats. Food Chem Toxicol 46:774–780.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Slater TF, Cheeseman KH. 1987. Free radical mechanisms in relation to tissue injury. Proc Nutr Soc 46:1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugiyama H, Fung KP, Wu TW. 1993. Purpurogallin as an antioxidant protector of human erythrocytes against lysis by peroxyl radicals. Life Sci 53:39–43.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sujay R, Atul W, Kakalil M. 2006. Antioxidant activity of Nelumbo nucifera (sacred lotus) seeds. J Ethnopharmacol 104:322–327.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tabba HD, Chang RS, Smith KM. 1989. Isolation, purification and partial characterization of prunellin, an anti-HIV component from aqueous extracts of Prunella vulgaris. J Antiviral Res 11:263.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tada M, Matsumoto R, Yamaguchi H, Chiba K. 1996. Novel antioxidants isolated from Perilla frutescens Bitton var. Crispa (Thunb). Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 60:1093–1095.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchida K, Kawakishi S. 1992. Sequence-dependent reactivity of histidine containing peptides with copper(II)/ascorbate. J Agric Food Chem 40(1):13–16.
   Google Scholar
• Wang JS, Zhao MM, Zhao QZ, Jiang YM. 2007. Antioxidant properties of papain hydrolysates of wheat gluten in different oxidation systems. Food Chem 101:1658–1663.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yagi K 1994. Lipid peroxides in hepatic, gastrointestinal and pancreatic dieases in free radicals in diagnostic medicine. In: Armstrong D, editor. New York: Prenum Press. pp 165–169.
   Google Scholar