Workplace involvement improves return to work rates among employees with back pain on long-term sick leave: a systematic review of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions

References

• Confederation of British Industry (CBI). Absence minded: absence and labour turnover 2006. London: CBI; 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Steenstra I, Verbeek J, Heymans M, Bongers P. Prognostic factors for duration of sick-leave in patients sick-listed with acute low back pain: a systematic review of the literature. Occup Environ Med 2005;62:851–860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson G. Epidemiological features of chronic low back pain. Lancet 1999;354:581–585.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barham C, Begum N. Sickness absence from work in the UK. In: Labour market trends. London: Office for National Statistics; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Barham C, Leonard J. Trends and sources of data on sickness absence. In: Labour market trends. London: Office for National Statistics 2002.
   Google Scholar
• MacEachen E, Clarke J, Franche R-L, Irvin E. Systematic review of the qualitative literature of return to work after injury. Scan J Work Environ Health 2006;32:257–269.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briand C, Durand M, St. Arnaud L, Corbiere M. How well do return-to-work interventions for musculoskeletal conditions address the multicausality of work disability? J Occup Rehab 2008;18:207–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams R, Westmorland M, Lin C, Schmuck G, Creen M. Effectiveness of workplace rehabilitation interventions in the treatment of work-related low back pain: a systematic review. Disabil Rehabil 2007;29:607–624.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franche R-L, Cullen K, Clarke J, Irvin E, Sinclair S, Frank J. Workplace-based return to work interventions: a systematic review of quantitative literature. J Occup Rehab 2005;15:607–631.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anema J, Cuelenaere B, van der Beek A, Knol D, De Vet H, van Mechelen W. The effectiveness of ergonomic interventions on return to work after low back pain: a prospective 2-year cohort study in six countries on low back pain patients sick-listed for 3-4 months. Occup Environ Med 2004;61:289–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tveito T, Hysing M, Erikson H. Low back pain interventions at the workplace: a systematic literature review. Occup Med (Oxford) 2004;54:3–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schonstein E, Kenny D, Keating J, Koes B, Herbert L. Physical conditioning programs for workers with back and neck pain: a Cochrane systematic review. Spine 2003;28:E391–E395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guzman J, Esmail R, Karjalainen K, Malmivaara A, Irvin E, Bombardier C. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for chronic low back pain: systematic review. Br Med J 2001;322:1511–1516.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NHS Centre for Reviews and Dissemination. Report 4: Undertaking systematic reviews of research on effectiveness; CRD's guidance for those carrying out or commissioning reviews. York: University of York; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Downs SH, Black N. The feasibility of creating a checklist for the assessment of the methodological quality both of randomized and non-randomized studies of health care interventions. J Epidemiol Commun Health 1998;52:377–378.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drummond M, Jefferson T. Guidelines for authors and peer reviewers of economic submissions to the BMJ’. Br Med J 1996;313:275–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eddy SA. The role of mathematical modelling. Assessing medical technology. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1985.
   Google Scholar
• Popay J, Roberts H, Sowden A, Pettricrew M, Arai L, Britten N, Rodgers M, Roen K, Duffy S. Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews. A product from the ESRC methods programme. Lancaster 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Loisel P, Abenhaim L, Durand P, Esdaile J, Suissa S, Goselin L, Simard R, Turcotte J, Lemaire J. A population-based, randomized clinical trial on back pain management. Spine 1997;22:2911–2918.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steenstra I, Anema J, Bongers P, van Tulder M, de Vet H, van Mechelen W. Economic evaluation of a multi-stage return to work program for workers on sick-leave due to low back pain. J Occup Rehab 2006;16:557–578.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durand M, Loisel P. Therapeutic return to work: rehabilitation in the workplace. Work 2000;17:57–63.
   Google Scholar
• Hlobil H, Staal J, Twisk J. The effects of a graded activity intervention for low back pain in occupational health on sick leave, functional status and pain: 12-Month results of a randomized controlled trial. J Occup Rehab 2005;15:569–580.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen I, Bergstrom G, Ljungquist T, Bodin L. A 3-year follow-up of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme for back and neck pain. Pain 2005;115:273–283.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer K, Fransen J, Huwiler H, Uebelhart D, Klipstein A. Feasibility and results of a randomised pilot-study of a work rehabilitation programme. J Back Musc Rehab 2005;18:67–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindstrom I, Ohlund C, Eek C, Wallin L, Peterson L, Fordyce W, Nachemson A. The effect of graded activity on patients with subacute low back pain: a randomized prospective clinical study with an operant-conditioning behavioral approach. Phys Ther 1992;72:279–293.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbeek J, van der Weide W, van Dijk F. Early occupational health management of patients with back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Spine 2002;27:1844–1851.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loisel P, Lemaire J, Poitras S, Durand M, Cahmpagne F, Stock S, Diallo B, Tremblay C. Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis of a disability prevention model for back pain management: a six year follow up study. Occup Environ Med 2002;59:807–815.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staal J, Hlobil H, Twisk J, Smid T, Koke A, van Mechelen W. Graded activity for low back pain in occupational health care. Ann Intern Med 2004;140:77–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hlobil H, Uegaki K, Staal B, de Bruyne M, Smid T, van Mechelen W. Substantial sick-leave costs savings due to a graded activity intervention for workers with non-specific sub-acute low back pain. Eur Spine J 2007;16:919–924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Purdon S, Stratford N, Taylor R, Natarajan L, Bell S, Wittenburg D. The Impacts of the Job Retention and Rehabilitation Pilot DWP Research Report No. 342, DWP, London. 2006.
   Google Scholar
• Arnetz B, Sjögren B, Rydéhn B, Meisel R. Early workplace intervention for employees with musculoskeletal-related absenteeism: a prospective controlled intervention study. J Occup Environ Med 2003;45:499–506.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malcolm R, Harrison J, Forster H. Effects of changing the pattern of sickness absence referrals in a local authority. Occup Med 1993;43:211–215.
   Google Scholar
• van den Hout J, Vlaeyen J, Heuts P, Zijlema J, Wijnen J. Secondary prevention of work-related disability in nonspecific low back pain: Does problem-solving therapy help? A randomized clinical trial. Clin J Pain 2003;19:87–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Klink J, Blonk R, Schene A, van Dijk F. Reducing long term sickness absence by an activating intervention in adjustment disorders: a cluster randomised controlled design. Occup Environ Med 2003;60:429–437.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anema J, Cuelenaere B, van der Beek A, Knol D, de Vet H, Mechelen W. The effectiveness of ergonomic interventions on return-to-work after low back pain; a prospective two year cohort study in six countries on low back pain patients sicklisted for 3–4 months, Occup Environ Med 2004;61:289–294.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mortelmans A, Donceel P, Lahaye D, Bulterys S. Does enhanced information exchange between social insurance physicians and occupational physicians improve patient work resumption? A controlled intervention study. Occup Environ Med 2006;63:495–502.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen I, Bodin L. Multimodal cognitive-behavioural treatment for workers with chronic spinal pain: a matched cohort study with an 18-month follow-up. Pain 1998;76:35–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Badii M, Keen D, Shicheng Y, Yassi A. Evaluation of a comprehensive integrated workplace-based program to reduce occupational musculoskeletal injury and its associated morbidity in a large hospital. J Occup Environ Med 2006;48:1159–1165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haldorsen EMH, Grasdal AL, Skouen JS. Is there a right treatment for a particular patient group. Comparison of ordinary treatment, light multidisciplinary treatment, and extensive multidisciplinary treatment for long-term sick listed employees with musculoskeletal pain. Pain 2002;95:49–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haldorsen E, Kronholm K, Skouen J, Ursin H. Predictors for outcome of a multi-modal cognitive behavioural treatment program for low back pain patients – a 12-month follow-up study. Eur J Pain 1998;2:293–307.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meijer E, Sluiter J, Heyma A, Sadiraj K, Frings-Dresen M. Cost-effectiveness of multidisciplinary treatment in sick-listed patients with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders: a randomized, controlled trial with one-year follow-up. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2006;79:654–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skouen J, Kvale A. Different outcomes in subgroups of patients with long-term musculoskeletal pain. Norsk Epidemiologi 2006;16:127–135.
   Google Scholar
• Burke S, Harms-Constas C, Aden P. Return to work/work retention outcomes of a functional restoration program. Spine 1994;17:1880–1886.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Durand M, Vezina N, Loisel P, Baril R, Richard M, Diallo B. Workplace interventions for workers with musculoskeletal disabilities: a descriptive review of content J Occup Rehab 2007;17:123–136.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loisel P, Goselin L, Durand P, Lemaire J, Poitras S, Abenhaim L. Implementation of a participatory ergonomics program in the rehabilitation of workers suffering from subacute back pain. Appl Ergon 2007;32:53–60.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Krause N, Dasinger L, Neuhauser F. Modified work and return to work: a review of the literature. J Occup Rehab 1998;8:113–139.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuoppala J, Lamminpää A. Rehabilitation and work ability: a systematic literature review. J Rehabil Med 2008;40:796–804.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carroll C, Patterson M, Wood S, Booth A, Rick J, Balain S. A conceptual framework for implementation fidelity. Implement Sci 2007;2:4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loisel P, Buchbinder R, Hazard R, Keller R, Scheel I, van Tulder M, Webster B. Prevention of work disability due to musculoskeletal disorders: the challenge of implementing evidence. J Occup Rehab 2005;15:507–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Franche R-L, Baril R, Shaw W, Nicholas M, Loisel P. Workplace-based return to work interventions: optimizing the role of stakeholders in implementation and research. J Occup Rehabil 2005;15:525–542.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staal J, Hlobil H, van Tulder M, Kokke M, Smid A, van Mechelen W. Return-to-work interventions for low back pain – a descriptive review of contents and concepts of working mechanisms. Sports Med 2002;32:251–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bakker I, Terluin B, van Marwijk H. Effectiveness of a minimal intervention for stress-related mental disorders with sick leave (MISS); study protocol of a cluster randomised controlled trial in general practice [ISRCTN43779641]. BMC Public Health 2006, 6:124.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blonk R, Brenninkmeijer V, Lagerfeld S, Houtman I. Return to work: a comparison of two cognitive behavioural interventions in cases of work-related psychological complaints among the self-employed. Work Stress 2006;20:129–144.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schene A, Koeter M, Kikkert M. Adjuvant occupational therapy for work-related major depression works: randomized trial including economic evaluation. Psychol Med 2006;37:351–362.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Oostrom S, Anema J, Terluin B, de Vet H, Knol D, van Mechelen W. Cost-effectiveness of a workplace intervention for sick-listed employees with common mental disorders: design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2008;8:12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar