Nature, timing, frequency and type of augmented feedback; does it influence motor relearning of the hemiparetic arm after stroke? A systematic review

References

• American Heart Association. Web Page. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3018163. Last accessed November 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Kwakkel G, Kollen BJ, van der Grond J, Prevo AJ. Probability of regaining dexterity in the flaccid upper limb: impact of severity of paresis and time since onset in acute stroke. Stroke 2003;34:2181–2186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwakkel G. Impact of intensity of practice after stroke: issues for consideration. Disabil Rehabil 2006;28:823–830.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaechter JD. Motor rehabilitation and brain plasticity after hemiparetic stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2004;73:61–72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodics T, Cohen LG, Cramer SC. Functional imaging of intervention effects in stroke motor rehabilitation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2006;87(12 Suppl 2):S36–S42.
   Google Scholar
• Lotze M, Braun C, Birbaumer N, Anders S, Cohen LG. Motor learning elicited by voluntary drive. Brain 2003;126(Part 4):866–872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaelin-Lang A, Sawaki L, Cohen LG. Role of voluntary drive in encoding an elementary motor memory. J Neurophysiol 2005;93:1099–1103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barreca S, Wolf SL, Fasoli S, Bohannon R. Treatment interventions for the paretic upper limb of stroke survivors: a critical review. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2003;17:220–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden MK. Virtual environments for motor rehabilitation: review. Cyberpsychol Behav 2005;8:187–211; discussion 212–219.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Prange GB, Jannink MJ, Groothuis-Oudshoorn CG, Hermens HJ, Ijzerman MJ. Systematic review of the effect of robot-aided therapy on recovery of the hemiparetic arm after stroke. J Rehabil Res Dev 2006;43:171–184.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwakkel G, Kollen BJ, Krebs HI. Effects of robot-assisted therapy on upper limb recovery after stroke: a systematic review. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2008;22:111–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kahn LE, Lum PS, Rymer WZ, Reinkensmeyer DJ. Robot-assisted movement training for the stroke-impaired arm: does it matter what the robot does? J Rehabil Res Dev 2006;43:619–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henderson A, Korner-Bitensky N, Levin M. Virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation: a systematic review of its effectiveness for upper limb motor recovery. Top Stroke Rehabil 2007;14:52–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosbie JH, Lennon S, Basford JR, McDonough SM. Virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation: still more virtual than real. Disabil Rehabil 2007;29:1139–1146; discussion 1147–1152.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt RA, Lee TD. Motor control and Learning, a behavioral emphasis. Human Kinetics, Champaign. 4th ed. 2005.
   Google Scholar
• van Vliet PM, Wulf G. Extrinsic feedback for motor learning after stroke: what is the evidence? Disabil Rehabil 2006;28:831–840.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodford H, Price C. EMG biofeedback for the recovery of motor function after stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;2: CD004585.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jovell AJ, Navarro-Rubio MD. [Evaluation of scientific evidence]. Med Clin (Barc) 1995;105:740–743.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jack D, Boian R, Merians AS, Tremaine M, Burdea GC, Adamovich SV, Recce M, Poizner H. Virtual reality-enhanced stroke rehabilitation. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2001;9:308–318.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merians AS, Jack D, Boian R, Tremaine M, Burdea GC, Adamovich SV, Recce M, Poizner H. Virtual reality-augmented rehabilitation for patients following stroke. Phys Ther 2002;82:898–915.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deutsch JE, Merians AS, Adamovich S, Poizner H, Burdea GC. Development and application of virtual reality technology to improve hand use and gait of individuals post-stroke. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2004;22:371–386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merians AS, Poizner H, Boian R, Burdea G, Adamovich S. Sensorimotor training in a virtual reality environment: does it improve functional recovery poststroke? Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2006;20:252–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jang SH, You SH, Hallett M, Cho YW, Park CM, Cho SH, Lee HY, Kim TH. Cortical reorganization and associated functional motor recovery after virtual reality in patients with chronic stroke: an experimenter-blind preliminary study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86:2218–2223.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cirstea CM, Ptito A, Levin MF. Feedback and cognition in arm motor skill reacquisition after stroke. Stroke 2006;37:1237–1242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer HC, Stubblefield K, Kline T, Luo X, Kenyon RV, Kamper DG. Hand rehabilitation following stroke: a pilot study of assisted finger extension training in a virtual environment. Top Stroke Rehabil 2007;14:1–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carey JR, Durfee WK, Bhatt E, Nagpal A, Weinstein SA, Anderson KM, Lewis SM. Comparison of finger tracking versus simple movement training via telerehabilitation to alter hand function and cortical reorganization after stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2007;21:216–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cirstea MC, Levin MF. Improvement of arm movement patterns and endpoint control depends on type of feedback during practice in stroke survivors. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2007;21:398–411.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coote S, Murphy B, Harwin W, Stokes E. The effect of the GENTLE/s robot-mediated therapy system on arm function after stroke. Clin Rehabil 2008;22:395–405.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Housman SJ, Scott KM, Reinkensmeyer DJ. A Randomized controlled trial of gravity-supported, computer-enhanced arm exercise for individuals with severe hemiparesis. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009;23:505–514.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckhouse RH Jr, Morash RP, Maulucci RA. Sensory feedback and the impaired motor system. J Med Syst 1990;14:93–105.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Winstein CJ, Merians AS, Sullivan KJ. Motor learning after unilateral brain damage. Neuropsychologia 1999;37:975–987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maulucci RA, Eckhouse RH. Retraining reaching in chronic stroke with real-time auditory feedback. NeuroRehabilitation 2001;16:171–182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broeren J, Claesson L, Goude D, Rydmark M, Sunnerhagen KS. Virtual rehabilitation in an activity centre for community-dwelling persons with stroke. The possibilities of 3-dimensional computer games. Cerebrovasc Dis 2008;26:289–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourbonnais D, Bilodeau S, Lepage Y, Beaudoin N, Gravel D, Forget R. Effect of force-feedback treatments in patients with chronic motor deficits after a stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2002;81:890–897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis MD, Holubar BG, Acosta AM, Beer RF, Dewald JP. Modifiability of abnormal isometric elbow and shoulder joint torque coupling after stroke. Muscle Nerve 2005;32:170–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanchez RJ, Liu J, Rao S, Shah P, Smith R, Rahman T, Cramer SC, Bobrow JE, Reinkensmeyer DJ. Automating arm movement training following severe stroke: functional exercises with quantitative feedback in a gravity-reduced environment. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2006;14:378–389.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stewart JC, Yeh SC, Jung Y, Yoon H, Whitford M, Chen SY, Li L, McLaughlin M, Rizzo A, Winstein CJ. Intervention to enhance skilled arm and hand movements after stroke: a feasibility study using a new virtual reality system. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2007;4:21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Holden MK, Dyar TA, Dayan-Cimadoro L. Telerehabilitation using a virtual environment improves upper extremity function in patients with stroke. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2007;15:36–42.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broeren J, Rydmark M, Bjorkdahl A, Sunnerhagen KS. Assessment and training in a 3-dimensional virtual environment with haptics: a report on 5 cases of motor rehabilitation in the chronic stage after stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2007;21:180–189.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo R, Pisano F, Micera S, Mazzone A, Delconte C, Carrozza MC, Dario P, Minuco G. Assessing mechanisms of recovery during robot-aided neurorehabilitation of the upper limb. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2008;22:50–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casadio M, Giannoni P, Morasso P, Sanguineti V. A proof of concept study for the integration of robot therapy with physiotherapy in the treatment of stroke patients. Clin Rehabil 2009;23:217–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Piron L, Tonin P, Trivello E, Battistin L, Dam M. Motor tele-rehabilitation in post-stroke patients. Med Inform Internet Med 2004;29:119–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broeren J, Rydmark M, Sunnerhagen KS. Virtual reality and haptics as a training device for movement rehabilitation after stroke: a single-case study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:1247–1250.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Peppen RP, Hendriks HJM, Van Meeteren NLU, Helders PJM, Kwakkel G. The development of a clinical practice stroke guideline for physiotherapists in The Netherlands: a systematic review of available evidence. Disabil Rehabil 2007;29:767–783.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt RA, Wulf G. Continuous concurrent feedback degrades skill learning: implications for training and simulation. Hum Factors 1997;39:509–525.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winstein C, Schmidt R. Reduced frequency of knowledge of results enhances motor learning. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1990;16:677–691.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulf G, Schmidt RA, Deubel H. Reduced feedback frequency enhances generalized motor program learning but not parameterization learning. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1993;19:1134–1150.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wulf G, Schmidt R. The learning of generalized motor programs: reducing the relative frequency of knowledge of results enhances memory. J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn 1989;15:748–757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar