Enhanced life-role participation in response to comprehensive gait training in chronic-stroke survivors

References

• Mayo NE, Wood-Dauphinee S, Ahmed S, Gordon C, Higgins J, McEwen S, Salbach N. Disablement following stroke. Disabil Rehabil 1999;21:258–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gokkaya NK, Aras MD, Cakci A. Health-related quality of life of Turkish stroke survivors. Int J Rehabil Res 2005;28:229–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie J, Wu EQ, Zheng ZJ, Croft JB, Greenlund KJ, Mensah GA, Labarthe DR. Impact of stroke on health-related quality of life in the noninstitutionalized population in the United States. Stroke 2006;37:2567–2572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Flynn RW, MacWalter RS, Doney AS. The cost of cerebral ischaemia. Neuropharmacology 2008;55:250–256.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. International classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF). Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Lawrence RH, Jette AM. Disentangling the disablement process. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 1996;51:S173–S182.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eng JJ, Chu KS, Kim CM, Dawson AS, Carswell A, Hepburn KE. A community-based group exercise program for persons with chronic stroke. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2003;35:1271–1278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Green J, Young J, Forster A, Collen F, Wade D. Combined analysis of two randomized trials of community physiotherapy for patients more than one year post stroke. Clin Rehabil 2004;18:249–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hidler J, Nichols D, Pelliccio M, Brady K, Campbell DD, Kahn JH, Hornby TG. Multicenter randomized clinical trial evaluating the effectiveness of the Lokomat in subacute stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2009;23:5–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hornby TG, Campbell DD, Kahn JH, Demott T, Moore JL, Roth HR. Enhanced gait-related improvements after therapist- versus robotic-assisted locomotor training in subjects with chronic stroke: a randomized controlled study. Stroke 2008;39:1786–1792.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kim CM, Eng JJ, MacIntyre DL, Dawson AS. Effects of isokinetic strength training on walking in persons with stroke: a double-blind controlled pilot study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2001;10:265–273.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kottink AI, Hermens HJ, Nene AV, Tenniglo MJ, van der Aa HE, Buschman HP, Ijzerman MJ. A randomized controlled trial of an implantable 2-channel peroneal nerve stimulator on walking speed and activity in poststroke hemiplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2007;88:971–978.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macko RF, Ivey FM, Forrester LW, Hanley D, Sorkin JD, Katzel LI, Silver KH, Goldberg AP. Treadmill exercise rehabilitation improves ambulatory function and cardiovascular fitness in patients with chronic stroke: a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke 2005;36:2206–2211.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ng MF, Tong RK, Li LS. A pilot study of randomized clinical controlled trial of gait training in subacute stroke patients with partial body-weight support electromechanical gait trainer and functional electrical stimulation: six-month follow-up. Stroke 2008;39:154–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pang MY, Eng JJ, Dawson AS, McKay HA, Harris JE. A community-based fitness and mobility exercise program for older adults with chronic stroke: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:1667–1674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peurala SH, Tarkka IM, Pitkänen K, Sivenius J. The effectiveness of body weight-supported gait training and floor walking in patients with chronic stroke. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005;86:1557–1564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodriquez AA, Black PO, Kile KA, Sherman J, Stellberg B, McCormick J, Roszkowski J, Swiggum E. Gait training efficacy using a home-based practice model in chronic hemiplegia. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1996;77:801–805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salbach NM, Mayo NE, Robichaud-Ekstrand S, Hanley JA, Richards CL, Wood-Dauphinee S. The effect of a task-oriented walking intervention on improving balance self-efficacy poststroke: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2005;53:576–582.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith GV, Silver KH, Goldberg AP, Macko RF. “Task-oriented” exercise improves hamstring strength and spastic reflexes in chronic stroke patients. Stroke 1999;30:2112–2118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wade DT, Collen FM, Robb GF, Warlow CP. Physiotherapy intervention late after stroke and mobility. BMJ 1992;304:609–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang YR, Wang RY, Lin KH, Chu MY, Chan RC. Task-oriented progressive resistance strength training improves muscle strength and functional performance in individuals with stroke. Clin Rehabil 2006;20:860–870.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• You SH, Jang SH, Kim YH, Hallett M, Ahn SH, Kwon YH, Kim JH, Lee MY. Virtual reality-induced cortical reorganization and associated locomotor recovery in chronic stroke: an experimenter-blind randomized study. Stroke 2005;36:1166–1171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macko RF, Benvenuti F, Stanhope S, Macellari V, Taviani A, Nesi B, Weinrich M, Stuart M. Adaptive physical activity improves mobility function and quality of life in chronic hemiparesis. J Rehabil Res Dev 2008;45:323–328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daly JJ, Zimbelman J, Roenigk KL, McCabe JP, Rogers JM, Butler K, Burdsall R, Holcomb JP, Marsolais EB, Ruff RL. Recovery of coordinated gait: randomized controlled stroke trial of functional electrical stimulation (FES) versus no FES, with weight-supported treadmill and over-ground training. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2011;25:588–96.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whiteneck GG, Charlifue SW, Gerhart KA, Overholser JD, Richardson GN. Quantifying handicap: a new measure of long-term rehabilitation outcomes. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992;73:519–526.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keith RA, Granger CV, Hamilton BB, Sherwin FS. The functional independence measure: a new tool for rehabilitation. Adv Clin Rehabil 1987;1:6–18.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Daly JJ, Roenigk K, Holcomb J, Rogers JM, Butler K, Gansen J, McCabe J, et al. A randomized controlled trial of functional neuromuscular stimulation in chronic stroke subjects. Stroke 2006;37:172–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tinetti ME. Performance-oriented assessment of mobility problems in elderly patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 1986;34:119–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cusick CP, Brooks CA, Whiteneck GG. The use of proxies in community integration research. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001;82:1018–1024.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walker N, Mellick D, Brooks CA, Whiteneck GG. Measuring participation across impairment groups using the Craig Handicap Assessment Reporting Technique. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2003;82:936–941.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okada M. Factors related to independent social living of poststroke patients with mild impairment. Top Stroke Rehabil 2007;14:52–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan PW, Wallace D, Lai SM, Johnson D, Embretson S, Laster LJ. The stroke impact scale version 2.0. Evaluation of reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change. Stroke 1999;30:2131–2140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton BB, Laughlin JA, Fiedler RC, Granger CV. Interrater reliability of the 7-level functional independence measure (FIM). Scand J Rehabil Med 1994;26:115–119.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Field A. Non-parametric tests. In: Field A, editor. Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage Publications Ltd; 2009. p 558.
   Google Scholar
• Long J. Regression models for categorical and limited dependent variables. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Kutner M, Nachtsheim C, Neter J, Li W. Applied linear statistical models. 5th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2002.
   Google Scholar
• Tangeman PT, Banaitis DA, Williams AK. Rehabilitation of chronic stroke patients: changes in functional performance. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1990;71:876–880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teixeira-Salmela LF, Olney SJ, Nadeau S, Brouwer B. Muscle strengthening and physical conditioning to reduce impairment and disability in chronic stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1999;80:1211–1218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiss A, Suzuki T, Bean J, Fielding RA. High intensity strength training improves strength and functional performance after stroke. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2000;79:369–376; quiz 391.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Plummer P, Behrman AL, Duncan PW, Spigel P, Saracino D, Martin J, Fox E, et al. Effects of stroke severity and training duration on locomotor recovery after stroke: a pilot study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2007;21:137–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field A., Everything you ever wanted to know about statistics. In: Field A, editor. Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage Publications Ltd; 2009. p 57.
   Google Scholar
• Abrantes-Pais Fde N, Friedman JK, Lovallo WR, Ross ED. Psychological or physiological: why are tetraplegic patients content? Neurology 2007;69:261–267.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kessler D, Dubouloz CJ, Urbanowski R, Egan M. Meaning perspective transformation following stroke: the process of change. Disabil Rehabil 2009;31:1056–1065.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kwakkel G, van Peppen R, Wagenaar RC, Wood Dauphinee S, Richards C, Ashburn A, Miller K, et al. Effects of augmented exercise therapy time after stroke: a meta-analysis. Stroke 2004;35:2529–2539.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langhammer B, Stanghelle JK. Bobath or motor relearning programme? A follow-up one and four years post stroke. Clin Rehabil 2003;17:731–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dam M, Tonin P, Casson S, Ermani M, Pizzolato G, Iaia V, Battistin L. The effects of long-term rehabilitation therapy on poststroke hemiplegic patients. Stroke 1993;24:1186–1191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar