Disease, impairment, disability and social handicap: A community based study of people aged 70 years and over

References

• World Health Organization. International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps. WHO, Geneva 1980
   Google Scholar
• Stone R I., Kemper P. Spouses and children of disabled elders: how large a constituency for long-term care reform. Milbank Quarterly 1989; 67: 485–505
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kempen G I J M, Suurmeijer Th P B M. Professional home care for the elderly: an application of the Andersen-Newman model in the Netherlands. Society for Scientific Medicine 1991; 33: 1081–1089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beland F. Identifying profiles of service requirements in a non-institutionalized elderly population. Journal of Chronic Diseases 1987; 40: 51–64
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Koyano W, Shibatu H, Nakazato K, Haga H, Suyama Y, Matsuzaki T. Prevalence of disability in instrumental activities of daily living among elderly Japanese. Journal of Gerontological Society of Science 1988; 43: S41–S45
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weiner J M., Hanley R J., Clark R, van Nostrand J F. Measuring the activities of daily living: comparisons across national surveys. Journal of Gerontological Society of Science 1990; 45: S229–S237
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lundgren-Lindquist B, Jette A M. Mobility disability among elderly men and women in Sweden. International Disability Studies 1990; 12: 1–5
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Anttila S. Functional capacity in two elderly populations aged 75 or over: comparisons at 10 years' interval. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 1991; 44: 1181–1186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Applegate W B., Blass J P., Williams T F. Instruments for the functional assessment of older patients. New England Journal of Medicine 1990; 322: 1207–1214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feinstein A R., Josephy B R., Wells C K. Scientific and clinical problems in indexes of functional disability. Annals of Internal Medicine 1986; 105: 413–420
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nagi S Z. An epidemiology of disability among adults in the United States. Millbank Memorial Quarterly 1976; 439–467
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jette A M., Branch L G. Impairment and disability in the aged. Journal of Chronic Diseases 1985; 38: 59–65
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Vetter N J., Lewis P A., Ford D. The relationship between symptoms of chronic disease and dependence. Interntional Disability Studies 1990; 12: 22–27
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• La Plante M P. Data on Disability from the National Health Interview Survey, 1983–85. National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Washington 1988
   Google Scholar
• Fairweather D S., Campbell A J. Diagnostic inaccuracy. The effects of multiple aetiology and the degradation of information in old age. Journal of the College of Physicians of London 1991; 25: 105–110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbrugge L M., Lepkowski J M., Imanaka Y. Comorbidity and its impact on disability. Milbank Quarterly 1989; 67: 450–483
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• La Plante M P. The demographics of disability. Milbank Quarterly 1991; 69(Suppl 1/2)55–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Statistics. Elderly population of New Zealand. Department of Statistics, Wellington 1990
   Google Scholar
• Lawton M P., Brody E M. Assessment of older people: self-maintaining and instrumental activities of daily living. Gerontologist 1969; 9: 179–186
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seeman T E., Berkman L F. Structural characteristics of social networks and their relationship with social support in the elderly: who provides support. Society for Scientific Medicine 1988; 30: 737–748
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas D G. Exact and asymptomatic methods for the combination of 22 tables. Computer and Biomedical Research 1975; 8: 423–446
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bland M. An Introduction to Medical Statistics. Oxford University Press, Oxford 1988; 248–251
   Google Scholar
• Jette A M., Branch L G., Berlin J. Musculoskeletal impairments and physical disablement among the aged. Journal of Gerontology and Medical Science 1990; 45: M203–M228
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kelly-Hayes M, Jette A M., Wolf P A., D'Agostino R B., Odell P M. Functional limitations and disability among elders in the Framingham study. American Journal of Public Health 1992; 82: 841–845
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guralnik J M., La Croix A Z., Everett D F., Kovar M G. Aging in the eighties: the prevalence of comorbidity and its association with disability. Advance data from vital and health statistics. No 170, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, Maryland 1989
   Google Scholar
• Zavaroni I, Dall'Aglion E, Bruschi F, et al. Effect of age and environmental factors on glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in a worker population. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 1986; 34: 271–275
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Verbrugge L M., Lepkowski J M., Konkol L L. Levels of disability among US adults with arthritis. Journal of Gerontological Society of Science 1991; 46: S71–S83
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinsky J L., Jette A M., Branch L G., Kannel W B., Feinleib M. The Framingham Disability Study: relationship of various coronary heart disease manifestations to disability in older persons living in the community. American Journal of Public Health 1990; 80: 1363–1368
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman A M. Can we alter survival in patients with congestive heart failure. Journal of the American Medical Association 1992; 267: 1956–1961
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bowling A, Farquhar M, Browne P. Use of services in old age: data from three surveys of elderly people. Society for Scientific Medicine 1991; 33: 689–700
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar