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Biocatalysis and Biotransformation Volume 19, 2001 - Issue 2
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Original Article

Fungal Transformation of the Tricyclic Antidepressant Amoxapine: Identification of N-Carbomethoxy Compounds Formed as Artifacts by Phosgene in Chloroform used for the Extraction of Metabolites

Joanna D. Moody Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079-9502, USA
,
Thomas M. Heinze Division of Chemistry, National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079-9502, USA
&
Carl E. Cerniglia Division of Microbiology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U. S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, 72079-9502, USACorrespondence[email protected]
Pages 155-161 | Received 12 Jun 2000, Published online: 11 Jul 2009

References

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  • Hansen E. B., Jr., Cho B. P., Korfmacher W. A., Cerniglia C. E. Fungal transformations of antihistamines: metabolism of brompheniramine, chlorpheniramine, and pheniramine to N-oxide and N-demethylated metabolites by the fungus Cunninghamella elegans. Xenobiotica 1995; 25: 1081–1092
  • http://msds.pdc.cornell.edu/msds., Material Safety Data Sheet April 3, 1998, revision date. (Online.) Hach-chloroform, 8745. (Jan. 13, 2000, last date accessed.)
  • The Merck Index. S. Budavari, M. J. O'Neil, A. Smith, P. E. Heckelman, J. F. Kinneary. Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ 1996; 357
  • Moody J. D., Freeman J. P., Cerniglia C. E. Biotransformation of doxepin by Cunninghamella elegans. Drug Metab: Dispos. 1999; 27: 1157–1164
  • Moody J. D., Zhang D., Heinze T. M., Cerniglia C. E. Transformation of amoxapine by Cunninghamella elegans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2000; 66: 3646–3649
  • Pappalardo M., Omodei-Sale A., Zamiso G. Synthesis of some derivatives of 1-ethyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-(piperazin-1-yl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (norfloxacin) as potential antibacterial agents. Il Farmaco 1988; 43: 489–496
  • Turk E. Phosgene from chloroform. Chem. Engr. News 1998; 76: 6
  • Zhang D., Evans F. E., Freeman J. P., Duhart B., Jr., Cerniglia C. E. Biotransformation of amitriptyline by Cunninghamella elegans. Drug Metab. Dispos. 1995; 23: 1417–1425
  • Zhang D., Evans F. E., Freeman J. P., Yang Y., Deck J., Cerniglia C. E. Formation of mammalian metabolites of cyclobenzaprine by the fungus “Cunninghamella elegans”. Chem.-Biol. Interact. 1996a; 102: 79–92
  • Zhang D., Freeman J. P., Sutherland J. B., Walker A. E., Yang Y., Cerniglia C. E. Biotransformation of chlorpromazine and methdilazine by Cunninghamella elegans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1996b; 62: 798–803
  • Zhang D., Hansen E. B., Jr., Deck J., Heinze T. M., Sutherland J. B., Cerniglia C. E. Fungal biotransformation of the antihistamine azatadine by Cunninghamella elegans. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1996c; 62: 3477–3479
  • Zhang D., Hansen E. B., Jr., Deck J., Heinze T. M., Henderson A., Korfmacher W. A., et al. Fungal transformations of antihistamines: metabolism of cyproheptadine by Cunninghamella elegans. Xenobiotica 1997; 27: 301–315

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