Characterization and novel analyses of acute stress response patterns in a population-based cohort of young adults: influence of gender, smoking, and BMI

References

• Arlt W, Stewart PM. (2005). Adrenal corticosteroid biosynthesis, metabolism, and action. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 34(2):293–313
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Back SE, Waldrop AE, Saladin ME, Yeatts SD, Simpson A, Mcrae AL, Upadhyaya HP, et al. (2008). Effects of gender and cigarette smoking on reactivity to psychological and pharmacological stress provocation. Psychoneuroendocrinology 33(5):560–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balodis IM, Wynne-Edwards KE, Olmstead MC. (2010). The other side of the curve: examining the relationship between pre-stressor physiological responses and stress reactivity. Psychoneuroendocrinology 35(9):1363–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benson S, Arck PC, Tan S, Mann K, Hahn S, Janssen OE, Schedlowski M, Elsenbruch S. (2009). Effects of obesity on neuroendocrine, cardiovascular, and immune cell responses to acute psychosocial stress in premenopausal women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 34(2):181–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bjorntorp P, Rosmond R. (2000). Obesity and cortisol. Nutrition 16(10):924–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Block JD, Bridger WH. (1962). The law of initial value in psychophysiology: a reformulation in terms of experimental and theoretical considerations. Ann NY Acad Sci 98(4):1229–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bremner JD, Vythilingam M, Vermetten E, Adil J, Khan S, Nazeer A, Afzal N, et al. (2003). Cortisol response to a cognitive stress challenge in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to childhood abuse. Psychoneuroendocrinology 28(6):733–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Childs E, De Wit H. (2009). Hormonal, cardiovascular, and subjective responses to acute stress in smokers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 203(1):1–12
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Childs E, Dlugos A, De Wit H. (2010). Cardiovascular, hormonal, and emotional responses to the TSST in relation to sex and menstrual cycle phase. Psychophysiology 47(3):550–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chrousos GP, Kino T. (2007). Glucocorticoid action networks and complex psychiatric and/or somatic disorders. Stress 10(2):213–19
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cizza G, Ronsaville DS, Kleitz H, Eskandari F, Mistry S, Torvik S, Sonbolian N, et al. (2012). Clinical subtypes of depression are associated with specific metabolic parameters and circadian endocrine profiles in women: the power study. PLoS One 7(1):e28912
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole TJ, Bellizzi MC, Flegal KM, Dietz WH. (2000). Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. BMJ 320(7244):1240–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cole TJ, Lobstein T. (2012). Extended international (IOTF) body mass index cut-offs for thinness, overweight and obesity. Pediatr Obes 7(4):284–94
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coolens JL, Heyns W. (1989). Marked elevation and cyclic variation of corticosteroid-binding globulin: an inherited abnormality? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 68(2):492–4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duchesne A, Pruessner JC. (2013). Association between subjective and cortisol stress response depends on the menstrual cycle phase. Psychoneuroendocrinology 38(12):3155–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elzinga BM, Roelofs K, Tollenaar MS, Bakvis P, Van Pelt J, Spinhoven P. (2008). Diminished cortisol responses to psychosocial stress associated with lifetime adverse events a study among healthy young subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology 33(2):227–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Engert V, Efanov SI, Duchesne A, Vogel S, Corbo V, Pruessner JC. (2013). Differentiating anticipatory from reactive cortisol responses to psychosocial stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology 38(8):1328–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epel ES, Mcewen B, Seeman T, Matthews K, Castellazzo G, Brownell KD, Bell J, Ickovics JR. (2000). Stress and body shape: stress-induced cortisol secretion is consistently greater among women with central fat. Psychosom Med 62(5):623–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans BE, Greaves-Lord K, Euser AS, Tulen JH, Franken IH, Huizink AC. (2013). Determinants of physiological and perceived physiological stress reactivity in children and adolescents. PLoS One 8(4):e61724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Felmingham KL, Fong WC, Bryant RA. (2012). The impact of progesterone on memory consolidation of threatening images in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 37(11):1896–900
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foley P, Kirschbaum C. (2010). Human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to acute psychosocial stress in laboratory settings. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 35(1):91–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fries E, Hesse J, Hellhammer J, Hellhammer DH. (2005). A new view on hypocortisolism. Psychoneuroendocrinology 30(10):1010–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon JL, Girdler SS. (2014). Mechanisms underlying hemodynamic and neuroendocrine stress reactivity at different phases of the menstrual cycle. Psychophysiology 51(4):309–18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grice JE, Jackson RV. (2004). Letter to the Editor: two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change. A Letter to the Editor in response to J.C. Preussner, et al. (2003) Psychoneuroendocrinology 28, 916-931. Psychoneuroendocrinology 29(4):563–4; author reply 564–566
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heaney JL, Phillips AC, Carroll D. (2012). Aging, health behaviors, and the diurnal rhythm and awakening response of salivary cortisol. Experimental Aging Res 38(3):295–314
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang Y, Zhou R, Wu M, Wang Q, Zhao Y. (2015). Premenstrual syndrome is associated with blunted cortisol reactivity to the TSST. Stress 18(2):160–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones A, Mcmillan MR, Jones RW, Kowalik GT, Steeden JA, Deanfield JE, Pruessner JC, et al. (2012). Adiposity is associated with blunted cardiovascular, neuroendocrine and cognitive responses to acute mental stress. PLoS One 7(6):e39143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juster RP, Perna A, Marin MF, Sindi S, Lupien SJ. (2012). Timing is everything: anticipatory stress dynamics among cortisol and blood pressure reactivity and recovery in healthy adults. Stress 15(6):569–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirschbaum C, Hellhammer DH. Salivary cortisol. In: Fink G, editor. Encyclopedia of stress. Vol. 3. San Diego, CA: Academic Press; 2000. p 379–84
   Google Scholar
• Kirschbaum C, Kudielka BM, Gaab J, Schommer NC, Hellhammer DH. (1999). Impact of gender, menstrual cycle phase, and oral contraceptives on the activity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Psychosom Med 61(2):154–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirschbaum C, Pirke KM, Hellhammer DH. (1993a). The ‘Trier Social Stress Test’ – a tool for investigating psychobiological stress responses in a laboratory setting. Neuropsychobiology 28(1–2):76–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirschbaum C, Strasburger CJ, Langkrar J. (1993b). Attenuated cortisol response to psychological stress but not to CRH or ergometry in young habitual smokers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 44(3):527–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudielka BM, Kirschbaum C. (2005). Sex differences in HPA axis responses to stress: a review. Biol Psychol 69(1):113–32
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudielka BM, Wust S. (2010). Human models in acute and chronic stress: assessing determinants of individual hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and reactivity. Stress 13(1):1–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kudielka BM, Wüst S, Kirschbaum C, Hellhammer DH. Trier Social Stress Test. In: Fink G, editor. Encyclopedia of stress. 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press; 2007. p 776–81
   Google Scholar
• Kumsta R, Entringer S, Hellhammer DH, Wust S. (2007). Cortisol and ACTH responses to psychosocial stress are modulated by corticosteroid binding globulin levels. Psychoneuroendocrinology 32(8–10):1153–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lottenberg SA, Giannella-Neto D, Derendorf H, Rocha M, Bosco A, Carvalho SV, Moretti AE, et al. (1998). Effect of fat distribution on the pharmacokinetics of cortisol in obesity. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 36(9):501–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maki PM, Mordecai KL, Rubin LH, Sundermann E, Savarese A, Eatough E, Drogos L. (2015). Menstrual cycle effects on cortisol responsivity and emotional retrieval following a psychosocial stressor. Horm Behav 74:201–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mccormick CM, Mathews IZ. (2010). Adolescent development, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function, and programming of adult learning and memory. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 34(5):756–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melhem NM, Keilp JG, Porta G, Oquendo MA, Burke A, Stanley B, Cooper TB, et al. (2015). Blunted HPA axis activity in suicide attempters compared to those at high risk for suicidal Behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology. [Epub ahead of print]. DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.309
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller R, Plessow F, Kirschbaum C, Stalder T. (2013). Classification criteria for distinguishing cortisol responders from nonresponders to psychosocial stress: evaluation of salivary cortisol pulse detection in panel designs. Psychosom Med 75(9):832–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newnham JP, Evans SF, Michael CA, Stanley FJ, Landau LI. (1993). Effects of frequent ultrasound during pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 342(8876):887–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ordaz S, Luna B. (2012). Sex differences in physiological reactivity to acute psychosocial stress in adolescence. Psychoneuroendocrinology 37(8):1135–57
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrowski K, Herold U, Joraschky P, Wittchen HU, Kirschbaum C. (2010). A striking pattern of cortisol non-responsiveness to psychosocial stress in patients with panic disorder with concurrent normal cortisol awakening responses. Psychoneuroendocrinology 35(3):414–21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petrowski K, Wintermann GB, Siepmann M. (2012). Cortisol response to repeated psychosocial stress. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 37(2):103–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Phillips AC, Ginty AT, Hughes BM. (2013). The other side of the coin: blunted cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity are associated with negative health outcomes. Int J Psychophysiol 90(1):1–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pruessner JC, Kirschbaum C, Meinlschmid G, Hellhammer DH. (2003). Two formulas for computation of the area under the curve represent measures of total hormone concentration versus time-dependent change. Psychoneuroendocrinology 28(7):916–31
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohleder N, Kirschbaum C. (2006). The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in habitual smokers. Int J Psychophysiol 59(3):236–43
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rohleder N, Schommer NC, Hellhammer DH, Engel R, Kirschbaum C. (2001). Sex differences in glucocorticoid sensitivity of proinflammatory cytokine production after psychosocial stress. Psychosom Med 63(6):966–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schommer NC, Hellhammer DH, Kirschbaum C. (2003). Dissociation between reactivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary system to repeated psychosocial stress. Psychosom Med 65(3):450–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selmaoui B, Touitou Y. (2003). Reproducibility of the circadian rhythms of serum cortisol and melatonin in healthy subjects: a study of three different 24-h cycles over six weeks. Life Sci 73(26):3339–49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone AA, Schwartz JE, Smyth J, Kirschbaum C, Cohen S, Hellhammer D, Grossman S. (2001). Individual differences in the diurnal cycle of salivary free cortisol: a replication of flattened cycles for some individuals. Psychoneuroendocrinology 26(3):295–306
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Therrien F, Drapeau V, Lalonde J, Lupien SJ, Beaulieu S, Dore J, Tremblay A, Richard D. (2010). Cortisol response to the Trier Social Stress Test in obese and reduced obese individuals. Biol Psychol 84(2):325–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Cauter E, Refetoff S. (1985). Evidence for two subtypes of Cushing’s disease based on the analysis of episodic cortisol secretion. N Engl J Med 312(21):1343–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Windle RJ, Wood SA, Shanks N, Lightman SL, Ingram CD. (1998). Ultradian rhythm of basal corticosterone release in the female rat: dynamic interaction with the response to acute stress. Endocrinology 139(2):443–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young EA, Abelson J, Lightman SL. (2004). Cortisol pulsatility and its role in stress regulation and health. Front Neuroendocrinol 25(2):69–76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar