25
Views
5
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

The Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder: Problematic but Better Than the Alternatives

Pages 41-46 | Published online: 04 Dec 2011

References

  • Paris, J: Personality disorders over time: Precursors, course, and outcome. Washington DC, American Psychiatric Press, 2003.
  • Gunderson JG: Borderline Personality Disorder: A clinical guide. Washington DC, American Psychiatric Press, 2001.
  • Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR, Dubo ED, Sickel AE, Trikha A, Levin A, Reynolds V: Axis I comorbidity of borderline personality disorder. Amer J Psychiatry 1998a; 155:1733–1739.
  • Akiskal HS, Chen SE, Davis GC: Borderline: an adjective in search of a noun. J Clin Psychiatry 1985; 46:41–48.
  • Tyrer P: Borderline personality disorder: a motley diagnosis in need of reform. Lancet 1999; 354:2095–2096.
  • Stern A: Psychoanalytic investigation of and therapy in the bor-derline group of neuroses. Psychoanal Q 1938; 7:467–489.
  • Menninger K. The vital balance. New York: Peter Smith; 1963.
  • Klerman G. Historical perspectives on contemporary schools of psychopathology. In Millon T, Klerman G, eds. Contemporary psychopathology: Towards the DSM-IV. New York, Guilford: 1986:3–28.
  • American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistical man-ual of mental disorders, 3rd Edition. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press; 1980.
  • World Health Organization: International classification of diseases, 10th edition. Geneva: WHO; 1992.
  • Gunderson JG, Singer MT: Defining borderline patients: an over-view. Amer J Psychiatry 1975; 132:1–9.
  • American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th Edition, text revision. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press; 2000.
  • Robins, E, Guze, SB: Establishment of diagnostic validity in psychiatric illness: its application to schizophrenia. Amer J Psy-chiatry 1970; 126:107–111.
  • Kendell RE: The distinction between personality disorder and mental illness. Brit J Psychiatry 2002; 180:110–5.
  • Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR, Dubo ED, Sickel AE, Trikha A, Levin A, Reynolds, V: Axis II comorbidity of borderline person-ality disorder. Compr Psychiatry 1998b; 39:296–302.
  • Livesley, WJ, Jang KL, Vernon PA: Phenotypic and genetic structure of traits delineating personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1998; 55:941–948.
  • Costa PT, Widiger TA, eds. Personality disorders and the Five-Factor Model of Personality, second edition. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association; 2001.
  • Cloninger CR, Svrakic DM, Pryzbeck TR: A psychobiological model of temperament and character. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993; 50:975–990.
  • Hoch PH, Cattell JP, Strahl MD, Penness MI: The course and out-come of pseudoneurotic schizophrenia, Amer J Psychiatry 1962; 119:106–115
  • Spitzer RL, Endicott J, Gibbon M: Crossing the border into borderline personality disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1979; 36: 17–24.
  • Zanarini MC, Gunderson JG, Frankenburg, FR: Cognitive fea-tures of borderline personality disorder. Amer J Psychiat 1990; 147:57–63.
  • Zanarini MC: Borderline personality as an impulse spectrum disorder. In Paris J, ed. Borderline Personality Disorder: Etiology and Treatment. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press: 1993:67–86.
  • White CN, Gunderson JG, Zanarini MC, Hudson JI: Family studies of borderline personality disorder: a review. Harvard Rev Psychiaty 2003; 11:8–19.
  • Gunderson JG, Elliott GR: The interface between borderline per-sonality disorder and affective disorder. Amer J Psychiatry 1985; 142:279–288.
  • Gunderson JG, Phillips KA: A current view of the interface between borderline personality disorder and depression. Amer J Psychiatry 1991; 148:967–975.
  • Pepper CM, Klein DN, Anderson RL, Riso LP, Ouimette PC, Lizardi H: DSM-III-R Axis II comorbidity in dysthymia and major depression. Amer J Psychiat 1995; 152:239–247.
  • Shea MT, Pilkonis PA, Beckham E, Collins JF, Elikin E, Sotsky SM, Docherty JP: Personality disorders and treatment outcome in the NIMH Treatment of Depression Collaborative Research Pro-gram. Amer J Psychiatry 1990; 147:711–718.
  • Soloff P: Psychopharmacological treatment of borderline personal-ity disorder. Psychiatric Clinics North America 2000; 23:169–192.
  • Perugi G, Toni C, Travierso MC, Akiskal HS: The role of cyclothymia in atypical depression: toward a data-based recon-ceptualization of the borderline-bipolar II connection. J Affective Disorders 2003; 73:87–98.
  • Akiskal HS: The bipolar spectrum-the shaping of a new paradigm in psychiatry. Current Psychiatry Reports 2002; 4:1–3.
  • Deltito J, Martin L, Riefkohl J, Austria B, Kissilenko A, Corless C, Morse P: Do patients with borderline personality disorder belong to the bipolar spectrum? J Affective Disorders 2001; 67:221–228.
  • Koenisgberg HW, Harvey PD, Mitropolou V, Schmeidler J, New AS, Goodman M, Silverman JM, Serby M, Schopick F, Siver LJ: Characterizing affective instability in borderline personality dis-order. Amer J Psychiatry 2002; 159:784–788.
  • Siever LJ, Davis KL: A psychobiological perspective on the per-sonality disorders. Amer J Psychiat 1991; 148:1647–1658.
  • Linehan MM: Dialectical behavioral therapy of borderline per-sonality disorder. New York: Guilford; 1993.
  • Paris, J: Bipolar or borderline? Harvard Rev Psychiatry, 2004; 12:140–145.
  • Herman, IL: Trauma and recovery. New York: Basic; 1992.
  • Links PS, Heslegrave R, van Reekum R: Impulsivity: core aspect of borderline personality disorder. J Personality Disorders 1999; 13:1–9.
  • Links PS, Steiner M, Offord DR, Eppel, A: Characteristics of bor-derline personality disorder: a Canadian study. Can J Psychiatry 1988; 33:336–340.
  • Siever LJ, Torgersen S, Gunderson JG, Livesley WJ, Kencller KS: The borderline diagnosis III: identifying endophenotypes for genetic studies. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 51:964–968.
  • Zimmerman M, Mania R: Differences between clinical and research practices in diagnosing borderline personality disorder. Amer J Psychiatry 1999; 156:1570–1574.
  • Lewis L, Appleby L. Personality disorder: the patients psychia-trists dislike. Brit J Psychiatry 1988; 153:44–49.
  • Bateman A, Fonagy P: Effectiveness of partial hospitalization in the treatment of borderline personality disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Amer J Psychiat 1999; 156: 1563–1569.
  • Grilo CM, McGlashan TH, Skodol AE: Stability and course of personality disorders. Psychiatric Quarterly 2000; 71: 291–307.
  • Livesley WJ: Diagnostic dilemmas in diagnosing personality dis-orders, in Phillips KA, First MB, Pincus HA, eds. Advancing DSM: Dilemmas in psychiatric diagnosis, Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press: 2003:153–190.
  • Mulder RT, Joyce PR, Luty SE: The relationship of personality disorders to treatment outcome in depressed outpatients. J Clinical Psychiatry 2003; 64:259–264.
  • Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR: Olanzapine treatment of female borderline personality disorder patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. J Clinical Psychiatry 2001; 62:849–854.
  • Zanarini MC, Frankenburg FR, Khera GS, Bleichmar J: Treat-ment histories of borderline inpatients. Compr Psychiatry 2001; 42:144–150.
  • Gunderson JG, Berkowitz C, Ruiz-Sancho A: Families of border-line patients: a psychoeducational approach. Bull Menninger Clinic 1997; 61:446–457.
  • Wittchen HU: Critical issues in the evaluation of comorbidity of psychiatric disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry-Supp 1996; 30:9–16.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.