References
- Lynn RB, Friedman LS: Irritable bowel syndrome. N Engl J Med 1993; 329:1940–1945
- Drossman DA, McKee DC, Sandler RS, et al: Psychosocial factors in the irritable bowel syndrome: A multivariate analy-sis of patients and nonpatients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 1988; 95:701–708
- Drossman DA, Thomson WG, Tolley NJ, et al.: Identification of subgroups of functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gas-troenterol Int 1990; 4:159–172
- Blanchard EB, Scharff L, Schwartz SP, SuIs JM, Barlow DH: The role of anxiety and depression in the irritable bowel syn-drome. Behav Res Ther 1990; 28:401–405
- Lydiard RB, Laraia MT, Howell EF, Ballenger JC: Can panic disorder present as irritable bowel syndrome? J Clin Psychia-try 1986; 47:470–473
- Lydiard RB, Greenwald MA, Weissman MM, Johnson J, Drossman DA, Ballenger JC: Panic disorder and gastrointes-tinal symptoms: Findings from the NIMH Epidemiologic Catchment Area Project. Am J Psychiatry 1994; 151:64–70
- Lydiard RB: Anxiety and the irritable bowel syndrome. Psy-chiatric Ann 1992; 22:612–618
- Noyes R, Cook B, Garvey M, et al.: Reduction of gastrointes-tinal symptoms following treatment for panic disorder. Psy-chosomatics 1990; 31:75–79
- Johannes ZS: Nomenclature and classification: A general over-view. In: Reed NW, ed. Irritable Bowel Syndrome. London: Grune & Stratton; 1985:26–28
- Drossman DA: Diagnosing and treating patients with refrac-tory functional gastrointestinal disorder. Ann Intern Med 1995; 123:688–696
- Masand PS, Kaplan DS, Gupta S, et al.: Major depression and irritable bowel syndrome: Is there a relationship? J Clin Psychiatry 1995; 56:363–367
- Masand PS, Kaplan DS, Gupta S: Irritable bowel syndrome and dysthymia: Is there a relationship? Psychosomatics (in press)
- Tollefson GD, Tollefson SL, Pederson M, et al.: Comorbid irritable bowel syndrome in patients with generalized anxiety and major depression. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1991; 3:215–222
- Latimer PR: Irritable bowel syndrome. Psychosomatics 1983; 24:205–218
- Lydiard RB, Fossey MD, Ballenger JC: Irritable bowel syn-drome in patients with panic disorder (letter). Am J Psychia-try 1991; 148:1614
- Tollefson GD, Luxenberg M, Vallentine R, et al.: An open label trial of alprazolam in comorbid irritable bowel syndrome and generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psych 1991; 52:502–508
- Schuster MM: Diagnostic evaluation of the irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 1991; 20:269–278