Risk assessment of post-infarction heart failure. Systematic review on the role of emerging biomarkers

References

• Gheorghiade M, Pang PS. Acute heart failure syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:557–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jelani A, Jugdutt BI. STEMI and heart failure in the elderly: role of adverse remodeling. Heart Fail Rev 2010;15:513–21
   Google Scholar
• Dunlay SM, Roger VL. Gender differences in the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and outcomes of ischemic heart failure. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2012;9:267–76
   Google Scholar
• Hellermann JP, Jacobsen SJ, Redfield MM, et al. Heart failure after myocardial infarction: clinical presentation and survival. Eur J Heart Fail 2005;7:119–25
   Google Scholar
• Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al; ACCF/AHA Task Force Members. 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure. A Report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2013. [Epub ahead of print]. doi:pii: S0735-1097(13)02114-1. 10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.019
   Google Scholar
• Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, et al. 2009 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2009;119:e391–479
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• New York Heart Association. The Criteria Committee of the New York Heart Association. Nomenclature and Criteria for Diagnosis of Diseases of the Heart and Great Vessels, 9th ed. Boston, MA: Little and Brown Co, 1994
   Google Scholar
• Ishmail AA, Wing S, Ferguson J, et al. Interobserver agreement by auscultation in the presence of a third heart sound in patients with congestive heart failure. Chest 1987;91:870–3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drazner MH, Rame JE, Stevenson LW, Dries DL. Prognostic importance of elevated jugular venous pressure and a third heart sound in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001;345:574–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurray JJ, Adamopoulos S, Anker SD, et al; ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines. ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Failure 2012 of the European Society of Cardiology. Developed in collaboration with the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur J Heart Fail 2012;14:803–69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antman EM, Cohen M, Bernink PJ, et al. The TIMI risk score for unstable angina/non-ST elevation MI. JAMA 2000;284:835–42
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sinnaeve PR, Steg PG, Fox KA, et al. for the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Investigators. Predictors of hospital mortality in the global registry of acute coronary events. Arch Intern Med 2003;163:2345–53
   Google Scholar
• Jacobs DR Jr, Kroenke C, Crow R, et al. PREDICT: a simple risk score for clinical severity and long-term prognosis after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina: the Minnesota heart survey. Circulation 1999;100:599–607
   Google Scholar
• Boersma E, Pieper KS, Steyerberg EW, et al.; for the PURSUIT Investigators. Predictors of outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes without persistent ST-segment elevation. Results from an international trial of 9461 patients. Circulation 2000;101:2557–67
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killip T 3rd, Kimball JT. Treatment of myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit. A two year experience with 250 patients. Am J Cardiol 1967;20:457–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forrester JS, Diamond GA, Swan HJ. Correlative classification of clinical and hemodynamic function after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 1977;39:137–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clerico A, Vittorini S, Passino C, Emdin M. New and emerging biomarkers of heart failure. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2009;46:107–28
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Somma S, Navarin S, Giordano S, et al. The emerging role of biomarkers and bio-impedance in evaluating hydration status in patients with acute heart failure. Clin Chem Lab Med 2012;50:2093–105
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Kimmenade RR, Januzzi JL Jr. Emerging biomarkers in heart failure. Clin Chem 2012;58:127–38
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng JM, Akkerhuis KM, Battes LC, et al. Biomarkers of heart failure with normal ejection fraction: a systematic review. Eur J Heart Fail 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Ky B, French B, Levy WC, et al. Multiple biomarkers for risk prediction in chronic heart failure. Circ Heart Fail 2012;5:183–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Diepen S, Roe MT, Lopes RD, et al. Baseline NT-proBNP and biomarkers of inflammation and necrosis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: insights from the APEX-AMI trial. J Thromb Thrombolysis 2012;34:106–13
   Google Scholar
• Velagaleti RS, Gona P, Larson MG, et al. Multimarker approach for the prediction of heart failure incidence in the community. Circulation 2010;122:1700–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavsak PA, Newman AM, Ko DT, et al. The use of a cytokine panel to define the long-term risk stratification of heart failure/death in patients presenting with chest pain to the emergency department. Clin Biochem 2010;43:505–7
   Google Scholar
• Casagranda I, Cavazza M, Clerico A, et al. Proposal for the use in emergency departments of cardiac troponins measured with the latest generation methods in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome without persistent ST-segment elevation. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013;51:1727–37
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Lemos JA. Increasingly sensitive assays for cardiac troponins: a review. JAMA 2013;309:2262–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haaf P, Reichlin T, Twerenbold R, et al. Risk stratification in patients with acute chest pain using three high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays. Eur Heart J 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Beatty AL, Ku IA, Christenson RH, et al. High-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels and secondary events in outpatients with coronary heart disease from the Heart and Soul Study. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173:763–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCullough PA, Peacock WF, O'Neil B, et al. An evidence-based algorithm for the use of B-type natriuretic testing in acute coronary syndromes. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2010;11:S51–65
   Google Scholar
• Clerico A, Vittorini S, Passino C. Circulating forms of the b-type natriuretic peptide prohormone: pathophysiologic and clinical considerations. Adv Clin Chem 2012;58:31–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhardwaj A, Januzzi JL Jr. ST2: a novel biomarker for heart failure. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2010;10:459–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimpo M, Morrow DA, Weinberg EO, et al. Serum levels of the interleukin-1 receptor family member ST2 predict mortality and clinical outcome in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation 2004;109:2186–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabatine MS, Morrow DA, Higgins LJ, et al. Complementary roles for biomarkers of biomechanical strain ST2 and N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation 2008;117:1936–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhillon OS, Narayan HK, Quinn PA, et al. Interleukin 33 and ST2 in non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction: comparison with Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events Risk Scoring and NT-proBNP. Am Heart J 2011;161:1163–70
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhillon OS, Narayan HK, Khan SQ, et al. Pre-discharge risk stratification in unselected STEMI: is there a role for ST2 or its natural ligand IL-33 when compared with contemporary risk markers? Int J Cardiol 2013;167:2182–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aldous SJ, Richards AM, Troughton R, Than M. ST2 has diagnostic and prognostic utility for all-cause mortality and heart failure in patients presenting to the emergency department with chest pain. J Card Fail 2012;18:304–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broch K, Ueland T, Nymo SH, et al. Soluble ST2 is associated with adverse outcome in patients with heart failure of ischaemic aetiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2012;14:268–77
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kohli P, Bonaca MP, Kakkar R, et al. Role of ST2 in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome in the MERLIN-TIMI 36 trial. Clin Chem 2012;58:257–66
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weir RA, Miller AM, Murphy GE, et al. Serum soluble ST2: a potential novel mediator in left ventricular and infarct remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010;55:243–50
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mueller T, Dieplinger B. The Presage(®) ST2 Assay: analytical considerations and clinical applications for a high-sensitivity assay for measurement of soluble ST2. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2013;13:13–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Boer RA, Voors AA, Muntendam P, et al. Galectin-3: a novel mediator of heart failure development and progression. Eur J Heart Fail 2009;11:811–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grandin EW, Jarolim P, Murphy SA, et al. Galectin-3 and the development of heart failure after acute coronary syndrome: pilot experience from PROVE IT-TIMI 22. Clin Chem 2012;58:267–73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsai TH, Sung PH, Chang LT, et al. Value and level of galectin-3 in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Atheroscler Thromb 2012;19:1073–82
   Google Scholar
• Kempf T, Björklund E, Olofsson S, et al. Growth-differentiation factor-15 improves risk stratification in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2007;28:2858–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan SQ, Ng K, Dhillon O, et al. Growth differentiation factor-15 as a prognostic marker in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2009;30:1057–65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonaca MP, Morrow DA, Braunwald E, et al. Growth differentiation factor-15 and risk of recurrent events in patients stabilized after acute coronary syndrome: observations from PROVE IT-TIMI 22. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2011;31:203–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montagnana M, Lippi G, Danese E, Guidi GC. The role of osteoprotegerin in cardiovascular disease. Ann Med 2013;45:254–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueland T, Jemtland R, Godang K, et al. Prognostic value of osteoprotegerin in heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004;44:1970–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omland T, Ueland T, Jansson AM, et al. Circulating osteoprotegerin levels and long-term prognosis in patients with acute coronary syndromes. J Am Coll Cardiol 2008;51:627–33
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ueland T, Dahl CP, Kjekshus J, et al. Osteoprotegerin predicts progression of chronic heart failure: results from CORONA. Circ Heart Fail 2011;4:145–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Røysland R, Bonaca MP, Omland T, et al. Osteoprotegerin and cardiovascular mortality in patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes. Heart 2012;98:786–91
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen S, Mogelvang R, Bjerre M, et al. Osteoprotegerin predicts long-term outcome in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Cardiology 2012;123:31–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansson AM, Hartford M, Omland T, et al. Multimarker risk assessment including osteoprotegerin and CXCL16 in acute coronary syndromes. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2012;32:3041–9
   Google Scholar
• Francia P, Uccellini A, Frattari A, et al. Extracellular matrix remodelling in myocardial hypertrophy and failure: focus on osteopontin. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev 2009;16:195–9
   Google Scholar
• Bjerre M, Pedersen SH, Møgelvang R, et al. High osteopontin levels predict long-term outcome after STEMI and primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2013;20:922--9
   Google Scholar
• De Rosa S, Cirillo P, Pacileo M, et al. Neopterin: from forgotten biomarker to leading actor in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2011;9:188–99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nazer B, Ray KK, Sloan S, et al. Prognostic utility of neopterin and risk of heart failure hospitalization after an acute coronary syndrome. Eur Heart J 2011;32:1390–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nanayakkara G, Kariharan T, Wang L, et al. The cardio-protective signaling and mechanisms of adiponectin. Am J Cardiovasc Dis 2012;2:253–66
   Google Scholar
• Shioji K, Moriwaki S, Takeuchi Y, et al. Relationship of serum adiponectin level to adverse cardiovascular events in patients who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention. Circ J 2007;71:675–80
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilson SR, Sabatine MS, Wiviott SD, et al; TIMI Study Group. Assessment of adiponectin and the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in patients presenting with an acute coronary syndrome: observations from the Pravastatin Or atorVastatin Evaluation and Infection Trial-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22 (PROVE IT-TIMI 22). Am Heart J 2011;161:1147–55
   Google Scholar
• Lindberg S, Pedersen SH, Møgelvang R, et al. Usefulness of adiponectin as a predictor of all cause mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 2012;109:492–6
   Google Scholar
• Beatty AL, Zhang MH, Ku IA, et al. Adiponectin is associated with increased mortality and heart failure in patients with stable ischemic heart disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Atherosclerosis 2012;220:587–92
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li Q, Lu Y, Sun L, et al. Plasma adiponectin levels in relation to prognosis in patients with angiographic coronary artery disease. Metabolism 2012;61:1803–8
   Google Scholar
• Ali MA, Fan X, Schulz R. Cardiac sarcomeric proteins: novel intracellular targets of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in heart disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2011;21:112–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner DR, Delagardelle C, Ernens I, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is a marker of heart failure after acute myocardial infarction. J Card Fail 2006;12:66–72
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dhillon OS, Khan SQ, Narayan HK, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 predicts mortality in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Clin Sci (Lond) 2009;118:249–57
   Google Scholar
• Fertin M, Lemesle G, Turkieh A, et al. Serum MMP-8: a novel indicator of left ventricular remodeling and cardiac outcome in patients after acute myocardial infarction. PloS One 2013;8:e71280
   Google Scholar
• Lenglet S, Mach F, Montecucco F. Role of matrix metalloproteinase-8 in atherosclerosis. Mediators Inflamm 2013;2013:659282
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson MM, Squire IB. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression after myocardial infarction: physiological or pathological? Cardiovasc Res 2002;54:495–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly D, Khan SQ, Thompson M, et al. Plasma tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-9: novel indicators of left ventricular remodelling and prognosis after acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2008;29:2116–24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urbano-Moral JA, Lopez-Haldon JE, Fernandez M, et al. Prognostic value of different serum biomarkers for left ventricular remodeling after ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart 2012;98:1153–9
   Google Scholar
• Fuchs M, Hilfiker A, Kaminski K, et al. Role of interleukin-6 for LV remodeling and survival after experimental myocardial infarction. FASEB J 2003;17:2118–20
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartford M, Wiklund O, Mattsson Hultén L, et al. CRP, interleukin-6, secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 during the early phase of acute coronary syndromes and long-term follow-up. Int J Cardiol 2006;108:55–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hartford M, Wiklund O, Mattsson Hultén L, et al. C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the prediction of late outcome events after acute coronary syndromes. J Intern Med 2007;262:526–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavsak PA, Ko DT, Newman AM, et al. Risk stratification for heart failure and death in an acute coronary syndrome population using inflammatory cytokines and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide. Clin Chem 2007;53:2112–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bristow MR, Long CS. Cardiotrophin-1 in heart failure. Circulation 2002;106:1430–2
   Google Scholar
• Fischer P, Hilfiker-Kleiner D. Survival pathways in hypertrophy and heart failure: the gp130-STAT3 axis. Basic Res Cardiol 2007;102:279–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Askevold ET, Nymo S, Ueland T, et al. Soluble glycoprotein 130 predicts fatal outcomes in chronic heart failure: analysis from the Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure (CORONA). Circ Heart Fail 2013;6:91–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benzaquen LR, Yu H, Rifai N. High sensitivity C-reactive protein: an emerging role in cardiovascular risk assessment. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2002;39:459–97
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berton G, Cordiano R, Palmieri R, et al. C-reactive protein in acute myocardial infarction: association with heart failure. Am Heart J 2003;145:1094–101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suleiman M, Aronson D, Reisner SA, et al. Admission C-reactive protein levels and 30-day mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Am J Med 2003;115:695–701
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Suleiman M, Khatib R, Agmon Y, et al. Early inflammation and risk of long-term development of heart failure and mortality in survivors of acute myocardial infarction predictive role of C-reactive protein. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:962–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sabatine MS, Morrow DA, Jablonski KA, et al; PEACE Investigators. Prognostic significance of the Centers for Disease Control/American Heart Association high-sensitivity C-reactive protein cut points for cardiovascular and other outcomes in patients with stable coronary artery disease. Circulation 2007;115:1528–36
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kavsak PA, MacRae AR, Newman AM, et al. Elevated C-reactive protein in acute coronary syndrome presentation is an independent predictor of long-term mortality and heart failure. Clin Biochem 2007;40:326–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bursi F, Weston SA, Killian JM, et al. C-reactive protein and heart failure after myocardial infarction in the community. Am J Med 2007;120:616–22
   Google Scholar
• Scirica BM, Morrow DA, Cannon CP, et al. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Study Group. Clinical application of C-reactive protein across the spectrum of acute coronary syndromes. Clin Chem 2007;53:1800–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Derzhko R, Plaksej R, Przewlocka-Kosmala M, Kosmala W. Prediction of left ventricular dysfunction progression in patients with a first ST-elevation myocardial infarction – contribution of cystatin C assessment. Coron Artery Dis 2009;20:453–61
   Google Scholar
• Fertin M, Hennache B, Hamon M, et al. Usefulness of serial assessment of B-type natriuretic peptide, troponin I, and C-reactive protein to predict left ventricular remodeling after acute myocardial infarction (from the REVE-2 study). Am J Cardiol 2010;106:1410–6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scirica BM, Sabatine MS, Jarolim P, et al. Assessment of multiple cardiac biomarkers in non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes: observations from the MERLIN-TIMI 36 trial. Eur Heart J 2011;32:697–705
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Biasucci LM, Bellocci F, Landolina M, et al. Risk stratification of ischaemic patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators by C-reactive protein and a multi-markers strategy: results of the CAMI-GUIDE study. Eur Heart J 2012;33:1344–50
   Google Scholar
• Swiatkiewicz I, Kozinski M, Magielski P, et al. Usefulness of C-reactive protein as a marker of early post-infarct left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Inflamm Res 2012;61:725–34
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippi G, Plebani M, Di Somma S, et al. Considerations for early acute myocardial infarction rule-out for emergency department chest pain patients: the case of copeptin. Clin Chem Lab Med 2012;50:243–53
   Google Scholar
• Khan SQ, Dhillon OS, O’Brien RJ, et al. C-terminal provasopressin (copeptin) as a novel and prognostic marker in acute myocardial infarction: Leicester Acute Myocardial Infarction Peptide (LAMP) study. Circulation 2007;115:2103–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly D, Squire IB, Khan SQ, et al. C-terminal provasopressin (copeptin) is associated with left ventricular dysfunction, remodeling, and clinical heart failure in survivors of myocardial infarction. J Card Fail 2008;14:739–45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayan H, Dhillon OS, Quinn PA, et al. C-terminal provasopressin (copeptin) as a prognostic marker after acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: Leicester Acute Myocardial Infarction Peptide II (LAMP II) study. Clin Sci (Lond) 2011;121:79–89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wannamethee SG, Welsh P, Whincup PH, et al. N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide but not copeptin improves prediction of heart failure over other routine clinical risk parameters in older men with and without cardiovascular disease: population-based study. Eur J Heart Fail 2013. [Epub ahead of print]
   Google Scholar
• Xie L, Terrand J, Xu B, et al. Cystatin C increases in cardiac injury: a role in extracellular matrix protein modulation. Cardiovasc Res 2010;87:628–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ix JH, Shlipak MG, Chertow GM, Whooley MA. Association of cystatin C with mortality, cardiovascular events, and incident heart failure among persons with coronary heart disease: data from the Heart and Soul Study. Circulation 2007;115:173–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taglieri N, Fernandez-Berges DJ, Koenig W, et al; SIESTA Investigators. Plasma cystatin C for prediction of 1-year cardiac events in Mediterranean patients with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2010;209:300–5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sun TW, Xu QY, Yao HM, et al. The predictive value of plasma cystatin C for acute coronary syndrome treated with percutaneous coronary intervention. Heart Lung 2012;41:456–62
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Montagnana M, Cervellin G, Meschi T, Lippi G. The role of red blood cell distribution width in cardiovascular and thrombotic disorders. Clin Chem Lab Med 2011;50:635–41
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tonelli M, Sacks F, Arnold M, et al; for the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) Trial Investigators. Relation Between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Cardiovascular Event Rate in People With Coronary Disease. Circulation 2008;117:163–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dabbah S, Hammerman H, Markiewicz W, Aronson D. Relation between red cell distribution width and clinical outcomes after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 2010;105:312–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uyarel H, Ergelen M, Cicek G, et al. Red cell distribution width as a novel prognostic marker in patients undergoing primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. Coron Artery Dis 2011;22:138–44
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang YL, Hua Q, Bai CR, Tang Q. Relationship between red cell distribution width and short-term outcomes in acute coronary syndrome in a Chinese population. Intern Med 2011;50:2941–5
   Google Scholar
• İlhan E, Güvenç TS, Altay S, et al. Predictive value of red cell distribution width in intrahospital mortality and postintervention thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow in patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. Coron Artery Dis 2012;23:450–4
   Google Scholar
• Cannon CP, Greenberg BH. Risk stratification and prognostic factors in the post-myocardial infarction patient. Am J Cardiol 2008;102:13–20G
   Google Scholar
• Mayr A, Klug G, Mair J, et al. Galectin-3: relation to infarct scar and left ventricular function after myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2013;163:335–7
   Google Scholar
• Salvagno G, Schena F, Gelati M, et al. The concentration of high-sensitivity troponin I, galectin-3 and NT-ProBNP substantially increase after a 60-km ultramarathon. Clin Chem Lab Med 2013. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1515/cclm-2013-0601
   Google Scholar
• Wu AH, Wians F, Jaffe A. Biological variation of galectin-3 and soluble ST2 for chronic heart failure: implication on interpretation of test results. Am Heart J 2013;165:995–9
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lippi G, Dipalo M, Teti L, Cervellin G. Relationship between red blood cell distribution width and prognostic biomarkers in patients admitted to the emergency department with acute infections. Eur J Intern Med 2013;24:e15–6
   Google Scholar
• Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Cervellin G. Circulating microRNAs (miRs) for diagnosing acute myocardial infarction: meta-analysis of available studies. Int J Cardiol 2013;167:277–8
   Google Scholar
• Lippi G, Mattiuzzi C, Cervellin G. MicroRNAs for diagnosing myocardial infarction. Advantages and limitations. Int J Cardiol 2013. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.07.069
   Google Scholar
• Bauters C, Kumarswamy R, Holzmann A, et al. Circulating miR-133a and miR-423-5p fail as biomarkers for left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2013. [Epub ahead of print] doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.12.074
   Google Scholar
• Sharma P, Cosme J, Gramolini AO. Recent advances in cardiovascular proteomics. J Proteomics 2013;81:3–14
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar