Radioisotopes as Applied to Diagnostic Hematology

References

• Quimby E. H., Feitelberg S. Radioactive Isotopes in Medicine and Biology. Basic Physics and Instrumentation. Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia 1963; Vol. I: 104
   Google Scholar
• Spiers F. W. Radioisotopes in the Human Body; Physical and Biological Aspects. Academic Press, New York 1968
   Google Scholar
• Lederer C. M., Hollander J. M., Perlman I. Table of Isotopes, 6th ed. John Wiley & Sons, New York 1967
   Google Scholar
• Mayerson H. S. Blood Volume and its regulation. Ann. Rev. Physiol. 1965; 27: 307
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Albert S. N. Blood Volume. Charles C Thomas, Springfield, Ill 1963
   Google Scholar
• Szirmai E. Nuclear Hematology. Academic Press, New York 1965
   Google Scholar
• Lajtha L. G. The Use of Isotopes in Haematology. Blackwell, Oxford 1961
   Google Scholar
• Kniseley R. M., Korst D. R., Nelp W. B., Berlin N. I. The blood. Principles of Nuclear Medicine, H. N. Wagner, Jr. Saunders Co., Philadelphia 1968, Chapter IX
   Google Scholar
• Bickers J. N., Sekinger D. J. Radioisotopes in the diagnosis of hematologic manifestations of gastrointestinal disease. Amer. J. Dig. Dis. 1964; 9: 634
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kröger W., Schulz K., Preussner S. Isotopendiagnostic in der Hämatologie. Z. Inn. Med. 1967; 11: 321
   Google Scholar
• Bell T. K. Routine diagnostic radioisotope investigations. Irish J. Med. Sci. 1967; 6: 369
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Silver S. Radioactive isotopes in clinical medicine. New Eng. J. Med. 1965; 272: 466, 515, 569
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wasserman L. R., Rashkoff I. A., Yoh T. F. The use of radioactive and stable isotopes in hematology. J. Mount Sinal Hosp. N.Y. 1951; 17: 1037
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shemin D., Rittenberg D. The life span of the human red blood cell. J. Biol. Chem. 1946; 166: 627
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• London I. M., Shemin D., West R., Rittenberg D. Heme synthesis and red blood cell dynamics in normal humans and in subjects with polycythemia vera, sickle-cell anemia, and pernicious anemia. J. Biol. Chem. 1949; 179: 463
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathan D. G., Piomelli S., Gardner F. H. The synthesis of heme and globin in the maturing human erythroid cell. J. Clin. Invest. 1961; 40: 940
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grinstein M., Bannerman R. M., Varva J. D., Moore C. V. Hemoglobin metabolism in thalassemia. In vivo studies. Amer. J. Med. 1960; 29: 18
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heller P., Van Stone J., Apple D., Coleman R. D. Defective globin synthesis in hypochromic hypersideremic anemia (α-thalassemia ?). Blood 1965; 25: 635
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nathan D. G., Gardner F. H. Effects of erythroid hyperplasia on patterns of glycine-2-C14 uptake in heme and globin of human peripheral blood in vivo. Blood 1966; 28: 303
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ross J. F., Chapin M. A. Effect of storage of citrated blood on the survival of transfused erythrocytes. J.A.M.A. 1943; 123: 827
   Google Scholar
• Grinstein M., Kamen M. D., Moore C. V. The utilization of glycine in the biosynthesis of hemoglobin. J. Biol. Chem. 1949; 179: 359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bale W. F., Yuile C. L., Verque L., de la Miller L. L., Whipple G. H. Hemoglobin labeled by radioactive lysine; erythrocyte life cycle. J. Exp. Med. 1949; 90: 315
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hevesy G., Zerahn K. Determination of red corpuscle content. Acta Physiol. Scand. 1942; 4: 376
   Google Scholar
• Mollison P. L., Robinson M. A., Hunter D. A. Improved method of labelling red cells with radioactive phosphorus. Lancet 1958; 1: 766
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gray S. J., Sterling K. The tagging of red cells and plasma proteins with radioactive chromium. J. Clin. Invest. 1950; 29: 1604
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Necheles T. F., Weinstein I. M., Le Roy G. V. Radioactive sodium chromate for the study of survival of red blood cells; I. The effect of radioactive sodium chromate on red cells. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1953; 42: 358
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ebaugh F. G., Jr., Emerson C. P., Ross J. F. The use of radioactive chromium 51 as an erythrocyte tagging agent for the determination of red cell survival in vivo. J. Clin. Invest. 1953; 32: 1260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donohue D. M., Motulsky A. G., Giblett E. R., Pirzio-Biroli G., Viranuvatti V., Finch C. A. The use of chromium as a red cell tag. Brit. J. Haemat. 1955; 1: 249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heisterkamp D., Ebaugh F. G., Jr. Site of attachment of the chromate ion to the haemoglobin molecule. Nature London 1962; 193: 1253
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson H. A., Vertrees K. M. Site of binding of chromium-51 to haemoglobin. Nature, London 1961; 189: 1019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson H. A. The binding of CR 51 to hemoglobin. I. In vitro studies. Blood 1963; 22: 218
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malcolm D., Ranney H. M., Jacobs A. S. Association of radioactive chromium with various components of hemoglobin. Blood 1963; 21: 8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eadie G. S., Brown I. W., Jr. The potential life span and ultimate survival of fresh red blood cells in normal healthy recipients as studied by simultaneous Cr 51 tagging and differential haemolysis. J. Clin. Invest. 1955; 34: 629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes-Jones N. C., Mollison P. L. The interpretation of measurements with 51 Cr-labelled red cells. Clin. Sci. 1956; 15: 207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cline M. J., Berlin N. I. The red cell chromium elution rate in patients with some hematologic diseases. Blood 1963; 21: 63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suderman H. J., White F. D., Israels L. G. Elution of Chromium-51 from labeled hemoglobins of human adult and cord blood. Science 1957; 126: 650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Donaldson G. W. K., Johnson P. F., Tothill P., Richmond J. Red cell survival time in man measured by 50 Cr and activation analysis. Brit. Med. J. 1968; 2: 585
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen J. A., Warringa M. G. P. J. The fate of P 32 labelled diisopropylfluorophosphonate in the human body and its use as a labelling agent in the study of the turnover of blood plasma and red cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1954; 33: 459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bove J. R., Ebaugh F. G., Jr. The use of diisopropylfluorophosphate 32 for the determination of in vivo red cell survival and plasma cholinesterase turnover rates. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1958; 51: 916
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hjort P. F., Paputchis H., Cheney B. Labeling of red blood cells with radioactive diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP 32): evidence for an initial release of label. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1960; 55: 416
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuda T. Method for labeling red cells with diisopropylphosphorofluoridate-P-32 in vitro. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1969; 74: 836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cline M. J., Berlin N. I. Simultaneous measurement of the survival of two populations of erythrocytes with the use of labeled diisopropylfluorophosphate. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1963; 61: 249
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cline M. J., Berlin N. I. Red blood cell life span using DFP 32 as a cohort label. Blood 1962; 19: 715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berlin N. I., Waldmann T. A., Weissman S. M. Life span of red blood cell. Physiol. Rev. 1959; 39: 577
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashby W. The determination of the length of life of transfused blood corpuscles in man. J. Exp. Med. 1919; 29: 267
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bergner P. E. Stochastic concepts in clinical red cell survival studies. Nature 1965; 205: 975
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dornhorst A. C. Interpretation of red cell survival curves. Blood 1951; 6: 1284
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eadie G. S., Brown I. W., Jr. Red blood cell survival studies. Blood 1953; 8: 1110
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strumia M. M., Sharpe J. S. Survival of red cells. Transfusion 1965; 5: 394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garby L. Analysis of red cell survival curves in clinical practice and the use of diisopropylfluorophosphonate (DF32P) as a label for red cells in man. Brit. J. Haemat. 1962; 8: 15
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jandl J. H., Greenberg M. S., Yonemoto R. H., Castle W. B. Clinical determination of the sites of red cell sequestration in hemolytic anemias. J. Clin. Invest. 1956; 35: 842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jandl J. H., Greenberg M. S. The selective destruction of transfused “compatible” normal red cells in two patients with splenomegaly. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1957; 49: 233
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schloesser L. L., Korst D. R., Clatanoff D. V., Schilling R. F. Radioactivity over the spleen and liver following the transfusion of chromium 51-labelled erythrocytes in hemolytic anemia. J. Clin. Invest. 1957; 36: 1470
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCurdy P. R., Rath C. E. Splenectomy in hemolytic anemia. Results predicted by body-scanning after injection of 51 CR-tagged red cells. New Eng. J. Med. 1958; 259: 459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes-Jones N. C., Szur L. Determination of the sites of red-cell destruction using 51 CR-labelled cells. Brit. J. Haemat. 1957; 3: 320
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis S. M., Szur L., Dacie J. V. The pattern of erythrocyte destruction in haemolytic anaemia, as studied with radioactive chromium. Brit. J. Haemat. 1960; 6: 122
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goldberg A., Hutchison H. E., MacDonald E. Radiochromium in the selection of patients with haemolytic anaemia for splenectomy. Lancet 1966; 1: 109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veeger W., Woldring M. G., Rood J. J., Van Eernisse J. G., Leeksma C. H. W., Verloop M. C., Nieweg H. O. The value of the determination of the site of red cell sequestration in hemolytic anemia as a prediction test for splenectomy. Acta Med. Scand. 1962; 171: 507
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Spencer R. P., Rockoff M. L., Spector H. Studies on quantitation of the 51 Cr-erythrocyte spleen-to-liver ratio. J. Nucl. Med. 1968; 9: 51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollison P. L. Measurement of survival and destruction of red cells in haemolytic syndromes. Brit. Med. Bull. 1959; 15: 59
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chapman R. G., McDonald L. L. Red cell life span after splenectomy in hereditary spherocytosis. J. Clin. Invest. 1968; 47: 2263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hosain F., Hosain P., Swarup S. S., Chatterjea J. B. Double exponential nature in chromium-51 red blood cell survival curves in haemoglobin E thalassaemia and relation with reticulocytes. Nature 1962; 196: 76
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson J. G., II, Scheitlin W. A. A method employing radioactive chromium for assaying the viability of human erythrocytes returned to the circulation after refrigerated storage. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1955; 46: 679
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Valeri C. R. Observations on the chromium labeling of ACD-stored and previously frozen red cells. Transfusion 1968; 8: 210
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutbush M., Mollison P. L. Relation between characteristics of blood group antibodies in vitro and associated patterns of red cell destruction in vivo. Brit. J. Haemat. 1958; 4: 115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adner P. L., Sjolin S. Unexpected blood group incompatibility, revealed by 51 Cr-labelled red cells. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1957; 9: 265
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fudenberg H. H., Allen F. H., Jr. Transfusion reactions in the absence of demonstrable incompatibility. New Eng. J. Med. 1957; 256: 1180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goudsmit R., Krijnen H. W. Increased destruction of “compatible” red cells. Vox Sang. 1957; 2: 357
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chaplin H., Jr., Cassell M. The occasional fallibility of in vitro compatibility tests. Transfusion 1962; 2: 375
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollison P. L. Blood Transfusion in Clinical Medicine, 4th ed. F. A. Davis Co., Philadelphia 1967
   Google Scholar
• Athens J. W. Granulocyte kinetics in health and disease. “Human Tumor Cell Kinetics,”. Nat. Cancer Inst. Monogr., No. 30, 1969
   Google Scholar
• Cartwright G. E., Athens J. W., Wintrobe M. M. The kinetics of granulopoiesis in normal man. Blood 1964; 24: 780
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fliedner T. M., Cronkite E. P., Robertson J. S., Granulocytopoiesis I. Senescence and random loss of neutrophilic granulocytes in human beings. Blood 1964; 24: 402
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Killmann S. A., Cronkite E. P., Fliedner T. M., Bond V. P., Brecher G. Mitotic indices of human bone marrow cells, II. The use of mitotic indices for the estimation of time parameters of proliferation in serially connected multiplicative cellular compartments. Blood 1963; 21: 141
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Deinard A., Page A. R. An improved method for performing neutrophil survival studies. Blood 1970; 36: 98
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCall M. S., Sutherland D. A., Eisentrant A. M., Lanz H. The tagging of leukemic leukocytes with radioactive chromium and measurement of the in vivo survival. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1955; 45: 717
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMillan R., Scott J. L. Leukocyte labelling with 51-chromium, I. Technic and results in normal subjects. Blood 1968; 32: 738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eyre H. J., Rosen P. J., Perry S. Relative labelling of leukocytes, erythrocytes and platelets in human blood by 51-chromium. Blood 1970; 36: 250
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Athens J. W., Haab O. P., Raab S. O., Boggs D. R., Ashenbrucker H., Cartwright G. E., Wintrobe M. M. Leukokinetic studies, XI. Blood granulocyte kinetics in polycythemia vera, injection and myelofibrosis. J. Clin. Invest. 1965; 44: 778
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marsh J. C., Boggs D. R., Cartwright G. E., Wintrobe M. M. Neutrophil kinetics in acute infection. J. Clin. Invest. 1967; 46: 1943
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimmerman T. S., Godwin H. A., Perry S. Studies of leukocyte kinetics in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1968; 31: 277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spivak J. L., Perry S. Lymphocyte kinetics in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Brit. J. Haemat. 1970; 18: 511
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mustard J. F., Rowsell H. C., Murphy E. A. Platelet economy (Platelet survival and turnover). Brit. J. Haemat. 1966; 12: 1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aas K. A., Gardner F. H. Survival of blood platelets labeled with chromium. J. Clin. Invest. 1958; 37: 1257
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reisner E. H., Keating R. P., Friesen C., Loeffler E. Survival of sodium chromate-51 labelled platelets in animals and man. Proc. 6th Int. Congr. Haemat. Grune & Stratton, New York 1956; 292
   Google Scholar
• Baldini M., Costea N., Dameshek W. The viability of stored human platelets. Blood 1960; 16: 1669
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aster R. H., Jandl J. H. Platelet sequestration in man, I. Methods. J. Clin. Invest. 1964; 43: 843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steiner M., Baldini M. Subcellular distribution of Cr-51 and characterization of its binding sites in human platelets. Blood 1970; 35: 727
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abrahamsen A. F. A modification of the technique for 51-Cr-labelling of blood platelets giving increased circulating platelet radioactivity. Scand. J. Haemat. 1968; 5: 53
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kattlove H. E., Spaet T. H. The effect of chromium on platelet function in vitro. Blood 1970; 35: 659
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeksma C. H. W., Cohen J. A. Determination of the life of human blood platelets using labelled diisopropylfluorophosphonate. Nature 1955; 175: 552
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucker M. B., Ley A. B., Mayer K. Studies on platelet life span and platelet depots by use of DFP-32. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1961; 58: 405
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bithell T. C., Athens J. W., Cartwright G. E., Wintrobe M. M. Radioactive diisopropylfluorophosphate as a platelet label: An evaluation of in vitro, in vivo technics. Blood 1967; 29: 354
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooney D. P., Smith B. A., Fawley D. E. The use of 32 Diisopropylfluorophosphate (32 DFP) as a platelet label: Evidence for reutilization of this isotope in man. Blood 1968; 31: 791
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adelson E., Rheingold J. J., Crosby W. H. Studies on platelet survival by tagging in vivo with P-32. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1957; 50: 570
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odell T. T., Jr., Anderson B. Production and Life Span of Platelets in the Kinetics of Cellular Proliferation, F. Stohlman, Jr. Grune & Stratton, New York 1959; 278
   Google Scholar
• Heyssel R. M. Determination of human platelet survival utilizing C-14 labelled serotonin. J. Clin. Invest. 1961; 40: 2134
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen P., Cooley M. H., Gardner F. H. The use of selenomethionine (Se 75) as a label for canine and human platelets. J. Clin. Invest. 1965; 44: 1036
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najean Y., Ardaillou N. The use of 75 Se-methionine for the in vivo study of platelet kinetics. Scand. J. Haemat. 1969; 6: 395
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Murphy E. A., Robinson G. A., Rowsell H. C., Mustard J. F. The pattern of platelet disappearance. Blood 1967; 30: 26
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najean Y., Larrieu M. J., Bernard J. Technique d'étude de la survie des plaquettes per la methode de marquage an radiochrome. Rev. Franc. Etud. Clin. Biol. 1959; 4: 1071
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cohen P., Gardner F. H., Barnett G. O. Reclassification of the thrombocytopenias by the CR-51 labelling method for measuring platelet life span. New Eng. J. Med. 1961; 264: 1294–1350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najean Y., Ardaillou N., Caen J., Larrieu M., Bernard J. Survival of radiochromium-labelled platelets in thrombocytopenias. Blood 1963; 22: 718
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najean Y., Ardaillou N., Dresch C. Platelet lifespan. Ann. Rev. Med. 1969; 20: 47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hahn P. F., Bale W. F., Ross J. F., Hettig R. A., Whipple G. H. Radio iron in plasma does not exchange with hemoglobin iron in red cells. Science 1940; 92: 131
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Laurell C. B. What is the function of transferrin in plasma?. Blood 1951; 6: 183
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Katz J. H., Jandl J. H. The role of transferrin in the transport of iron with the developing red cell. Iron Metabolism, F. Gross. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1964; 103, CIBA International Symposium
   Google Scholar
• Manis J., Schacter D. Active transport of iron by intestine: mucosal iron pools. Amer. J. Physiol. 1964; 207: 893
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dubach R., Callender S. T., Moore C. V. Studies in iron transportation and metabolism. VI. Absorption of radioactive iron in patients with fever and with anemias of varied etiology. Blood 1948; 3: 526
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conrad M. E., Jr., Crosby W. H. Intestinal mucosal mechanisms controlling iron absorption. Blood 1963; 22: 406
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crosby W. H. The control of iron balance by the intestinal mucosa. Blood 1963; 22: 441
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boender C. A., Verloop M. C. Iron absorption, iron loss and iron retention in man: studies after oral administration of a tracer dose of 59 FeSO4, and 131 BASO4. Brit. J. Haemat. 1969; 17: 45
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bothwell T. H., Mallett B., Oliver R., Smith M. D. Inability to assess absorption of iron from plasma radioiron curves. Brit. J. Haemat. 1955; 1: 352
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Callender S. T. Iron absorption. Brit. Med. Bull. 1959; 15: 5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saylor L., Finch C. A. Determination of iron absorption using two isotopes of iron. Amer. J. Physiol. 1953; 172: 372
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bothwell T. H., Pirzio-Biroli G., Finch C. A. Iron absorption, I. Factors influencing absorption. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1958; 51: 24
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kuhn I. N., Monsen E. R., Cook J. D., Finch C. A. Iron absorption in man. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1968; 71: 715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitcher C. S., Williams H. S., Parsonson A., Williams R. The measurement of iron absorption by the double isotope technique. Brit. J. Haemat. 1965; 11: 633
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najean Y., Ardaillou N. Technique de dosage de l'absorption digestive du fer à l'aide d'un indicateur inerte radio-actif. Nouv. Rev. franc. Hemat. 1963; 3: 82
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saito H., Sargent T., Parker H. G., Lawrence J. H. Whole-body iron loss in normal man measured with a gamma spectrometer. J. Nucl. Med. 1964; 5: 571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price D. C., Cohn S. H., Wasserman L. R., Reizenstein P. A., Cronkite E. P. The determination of iron absorption and loss by whole-body counting. Blood 1962; 20: 517
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price D. C., Forsyth E. M., Cohn S. H., Cronkite E. P. The study of menstrual and other blood loss, and consequent iron deficiency, by Fe-59 whole-body counting. Canad. Med. Ass. J. 1964; 90: 51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bothwell T. H. The control of iron absorption. Brit. J. Haemat. 1968; 14: 453
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finch C. A., Deubelbeiss K., Cook J. D., Eschbach J. W., Harker L. A., Funk D. D., Marsaglia G., Hillman R. S., Slichter S., Adamson J. W., Ganzoni A., Giblett E. R. Ferrokinetics in man. Medicine 1970; 49: 17
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huff R. L., Elmlinger P. J., Garcia J. F., Oda J. M., Cockrell M. C., Lawrence J. H. Ferrokinetics in normal persons and in patients having various erythropoietic disorders. J. Clin. Invest. 1951; 30: 1512
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elmlinger P. J., Huff R. L., Tobias C. A., Lawrence J. H. Iron turnover abnormalities in patients having anemia: serial blood and in vivo tissue studies with Fe-59. Acta Haemat. 1953; 9: 73
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards C. L., Andrews G. A., Sitterson B. W., Kniseley R. M. Clinical bone marrow scanning with radioisotopes. Blood 1964; 23: 741
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dyke D., Shkurkin C., Price D., Yano Y., Anger H. O. Differences in distribution of erythropoietic and reticuloendothelial marrow in hematologic disease. Blood 1967; 30: 364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nelp W. B., Bower R. E. The quantitative distribution of the erythron and the RE cell in the bone marrow organ of man. Blood 1969; 34: 276
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dyke D., Anger H. O. Patterns of marrow hypertrophy and atrophy in man. J. Nucl. Med. 1965; 6: 109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alpen E. L., Cranmore D. Observations on the regulation of erythropoiesis and on cellular dynamics by Fe 59 autoradiography. The Kinetics of Cellular Proliferation, F. Stohlman, Jr. Grune & Stratton, New York 1959; 290
   Google Scholar
• Wickramsinghe S. N., Cooper E. H., Chalmers D. G. A study of erythropoiesis by combined morphologic, quantitative cytochemical and autoradiographic methods; normal human bone marrow, vitamin B 12 deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Blood 1968; 31: 304
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lajtha L. G., Oliver R., Gurney C. W. Kinetic model of a bone marrow stem-cell population. Brit. J. Haemat. 1962; 8: 442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lajtha L. G. Recent studies in erythroid differentiation and proliferation. Medicine 1964; 43: 625
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronkite E. P. Erythropoietic cell proliferation in man. Medicine 1964; 43: 635
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cronkite E. P. Enigmas underlying the study of hemopoietic cell proliferation. Fed. Proc. 1964; 23: 649
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Johnson P. M., Herion J. C., Mooring S. L. Scintillation scanning of the normal human spleen utilizing sensitized radioactive erythrocytes. Radiology 1960; 74: 99
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Winkelman J. W., Wagner H. N., Jr., McAfee J. G., Mozley J. M. Visualization of the spleen in man by radioisotope scanning. Radiology 1960; 75: 465
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson P. M., Herion J. C. Technical considerations in scintillation scanning of the human spleen. Radiology 1961; 76: 438
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner H. N., Jr., Weiner I. M., McAfee J. G., Martinez J. 1-mercuri-2-hydroxypropane (MHP). A new radiopharmaceutical for visualization of the spleen by radioisotope scanning. Arch. Int. Med. 1964; 113: 696
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Croll M. N., Brady L. W., Brodsky I., Stanton L. A new agent for splenic scanning: BMHP. Radiology 1965; 84: 492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beck W. S. The metabolic basis of megaloblastic erythropoiesis. Medicine 1964; 43: 715
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castle W. B. Nutritional megaloblastic anemias: Etiological considerations. Med. Clin. N. Amer. Sept, 1966; 50: 1245
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herbert V. Transient (reversible) malabsorption of vitamin B12. Brit. J. Haemat. 1969; 17: 213
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pitney W. R., Beard M. F., Van Loon E. J. Observations on bound form of vitamin B12 in human serum. J. Biol. Chem. 1954; 207: 143
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall C. A., Finkler A. E. Abnormal transport of vitamin B12 in plasma in chronic myelogenous leukemia. Nature 1964; 204: 1207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Retief F. P., Gottlieb C. W., Kochwa S., Pratt P. W., Herbert V. Separation of vitamin B12-binding proteins of serum, gastric juice and saliva by rapid DEAE cellulose chromatography. Blood 1967; 29: 501
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rickes E. L., Brink N. G., Koniuszy F. R., Wood T. R., Folkers K. Crystalline vitamin B12. Science 1948; 107: 396
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lester-Smith E. L., Parker L. F. J. Purification of anti-pernicious anaemia factor. Biochem. J. 1948; 43: 8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chaiet L., Rosenblum C., Woodbury D. T. Biosynthesis of radioactive vitamin B12 containing cobalt 60. Science 1950; III: 601
   Google Scholar
• Meyer L. M. Oral administration of Co 60 vitamin B12 in pernicious anemia. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1953; 82: 490
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer L. M., Beccerra-Garcia A., Goldman A., Stern P. A. Oral administration of Co 60 vitamin B-12 to normal persons, patients with pernicious anemia, and subjects with various medical disorders. J. Appl. Physiol. 1953; 6: 263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollin D. L. Radioactive vitamin B 12 in the study of blood diseases. Brit. Med. Bull. 1959; 15: 8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinle R. W., Welch A. D., Scharf V., Meacham G. C., Prusoff W. H. Studies of excretion (and absorption) of Co60 -labeled vitamin B 12 in pernicious anemia. Trans. Ass. Amer. Physicians 1952; 65: 214
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Callender S. J., Tumbull A., Wakisaka G. Estimation of intrinsic factor of Castle by use of radioactive vitamin B 12. Brit. Med. J. 1954; 1: 10
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krevans J. R., Conley C. L., Sachs M. V. Radioactive tracer tests for the recognition and identification of vitamin B 12 deficiency states. J. Chronic Dis. 1956; 3: 234
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Mollin D. L., Baker S. J. Absorption and excretion of vitamin B 12 in man. Biochem. Soc. Symp. 1955; 13: 52
   Google Scholar
• Mollin D. L., Booth C. C., Baker S. J. The absorption of vitamin B 12 in control subjects, in Addisonian pernicious anaemia and in the malabsorption syndrome. Brit. J. Haemat. 1957; 3: 412
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganatra R. D., Sundaram K., Desai K. B., Gaitonde B. B. Determination of absorption of vitamin B-12 by a double isotope tracer technique. J. Nucl. Med. 1965; 6: 459
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schilling R. F. Intrinsic factor studies. II. The effect of gastric juice on the urinary excretion of radioactivity after the oral administration of radioactive vitamin B 12. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1953; 42: 860
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schilling R. F., Clatanoff D. V., Korst D. R. Intrinsic factor studies. III. Further observations utilizing the urinary radioactivity test in subjects with achlorhydria, pernicious anaemia or a total gastrectomy. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1955; 45: 926
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rath C. E., McCurdy P. R., Duffy B. J., Jr. Effect of renal disease on the Schilling test. New Eng. J. Med. 1957; 256: 111
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass G. B. J., Boyd L. J., Gellin G. A., Stephanson L. Uptake of radioactive vitamin B 12 by the liver in humans: Test for measurement of intestinal absorption of vitamin B 12 and intrinsic factor activity. Arch. Biochem. 1954; 51: 251
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass G. B. J., Boyd L. J., Stephanson L. Intestinal absorption of vitamin B 12 in humans as studied by isotope technic. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1954; 86: 522
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass G. B. J., Boyd L. J., Gellin G. A. Surface scintillation measurements in humans of the uptake of parenterally administered radioactive vitamin B 12. Blood 1955; 10: 95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass G. B. J., Boyd L. J. Differentiation of macrocytic anemias and diagnosis of pernicious anemia and sprue in remission by accelerated measurement of hepatic uptake of radioactive Co 60 B 12. Ann. Intern. Med. 1957; 47: 274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pollycove M., Apt L. Absorption, elimination and excretion of orally administered vitamin B 12 in normal subjects and in patients with pernicious anemia. New Eng. J. Med. 1956; 255: 207
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Glass G. B. J., Ebin L. M., Boyd L. J., Laughton R. Hepatic uptake of radioactive vitamin B 12 in liver disease. Fed. Proc. 1956; 15: 74
   Google Scholar
• Booth C. C., Mollin D. L. Plasma, tissue and urinary radioactivity after oral administration of 56 Co-labeled vitamin B 12. Brit. J. Haemat. 1956; 2: 223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doscherholmen A., Hagen P. S. Radioactive vitamin B 12 absorption studies; results of direct measurement of radioactivity in the blood. Blood 1957; 12: 336
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simpson J. D., Shearman D. J. C. A whole body counter for determination of the absorption of 58 Co-vitamin B 12. Phys. Med. Biol. 1968; 13: 61
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardeman S., Chanarin I., Doyle J. C. Studies on the secretion of gastric intrinsic factor in man. Brit. Med. J. 1964; 2: 600
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Miller O. N., Hunter F. M. Stimulation of vit. B 12 uptake in tissue slices by intrinsic factor concentrate. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1957; 96: 39
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardeman S., Chanarin I. A method for the assay of human gastric intrinsic factor and for the detection and titration of antibodies against intrinsic factor. Lancet 1963; 2: 1350
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeffries G. H., Sleisenger M. H. The immunologic identification and quantitation of human intrinsic factor in gastric secretions. J. Clin. Invest. 1963; 42: 442
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abels J., Bouma W., Nieweg H. O. Assay of intrinsic factor with anti-intrinsic factor serum in vitro. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1963; 71: 227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lau K. S., Gottlieb C., Wasserman L. R., Herbert V. Measurement of serum vitamin B 12 level using radioisotope dilution and coated charcoal. Blood 1965; 26: 202
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gottlieb C., Lau K. S., Wasserman L. R., Herbert V. Rapid charcoal assay for intrinsic factor (IF), gastric juice unsaturated B 12 binding capacity, antibody to IF, and serum unsaturated B 12 binding capacity. Blood 1965; 25: 875
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raven J. L., Walker P. L., Barkhan P. Comparison of the radioisotope dilution-coated charcoal method and a microbiological method (L. leichmannii) for measuring vitamin B 12 in serum. J. Clin. Path. 1966; 19: 610
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacobs W. L., Zondag H. A. Radioisotope assay of vitamin B 12 in human blood serum. Clin. Chim. Acta. 1969; 24: 93
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly A., Herbert V. Coated charcoal assay of erythrocyte vitamin B-12 levels. Blood 1967; 29: 139
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silverstein E., Herbert V. Rapid determination of vitamin B 12-binding α and β globulin in serum. Blood 1968; 31: 518
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert H. S., Krauss S., Pasternack B., Herbert V., Wasserman L. R. Serum vitamin B 12 content and unsaturated vitamin B-12-binding capacity in myeloproliferative disease: Value in differential diagnosis and as indicators of disease activity. Ann Intern. Med. 1969; 71: 719
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams J. F., Boddy K. Metabolic equilibrium of tracer and natural vitamin B 12. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1968; 72: 392
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boddy K., Adams J. Validity of the assumption of tracer equilibrium with respect to the excretion of vitamin B 12. Phys. Med. Biol. 1968; 13: 55
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adams J. F., Boddy K. Effect of renal and hepatic disease on vitamin-B 12 metabolism. Lancet 1968; 7563: 328
   Google Scholar
• Fish M. B., Pollycove M., Feichtmeir T. V. Differentiation between vitamin B-12-deficient and folic acid-deficient megaloblastic anemias with C-14 histidine. Blood 1963; 21: 447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehy T. W., Santini R., Jr., Guerra R., Angel R., Plough I. C. Tritiated folic acid as a diagnostic aid in folic acid deficiency. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1963; 61: 650
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chanarin I., Belcher E. H., Berry V. The utilization of tritium-labeled folic acid in megaloblastic anaemia. Brit. J. Haemat. 1963; 9: 456
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masouredis S. P. Editorial review, Quantitative isotopic immunohematology. A progress report. Transfusion 1964; 4: 69
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Constantoulakis M., Costea N., Schwartz R. S., Dameshek W. Quantitative studies of the effect of red-blood-cell sensitization on in vivo hemolysis. J. Clin. Invest. 1963; 42: 1790
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pirofsky B., Cordova M. S., Imel T. L. The mechanism of action of antiglobulin serum. Vox Sang. 1962; 7: 348
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rochna E., Hughes-Jones N. C. The use of purified 125-I-labelled anti-γ globulin in the determination of the number of D antigen sites on red cells of different phenotypes. Vox Sang. 1965; 10: 675
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masouredis S. P. Reaction of I-131 trace labeled human anti-Rh0 (D) with red cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1959; 38: 279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans R. S., Tumer E., Bingham M. Studies of I-131 tagged Rh antibody of D specificity. Vox Sang. 1963; 8: 153
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes-Jones N. C., Gardner B., Telford R. Studies on the reaction between the blood-group antibody anti-D and erythrocytes. Biochem J. 1963; 88: 435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosenfield R. E., Kochwa S. Immunochemical studies of the Rh System. II. Capacity of antigenic sites of different phenotypes to bind and retain Rh antibodies. J. Immun. 1964; 92: 693
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes-Jones N. C., Gardner B., Telford R. The kinetics of the reaction between the blood group antibody anti-c and erythrocytes. Biochem. J. 1962; 85: 466
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masouredis S. P., Unpublished observations (anti-E)
   Google Scholar
• Economidou J., Hughes-Jones N. C., Gardner B. The functional activities of IgG and IgM anti-A and anti-B. Immunology 1967; 13: 227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olesen H. Thermodynamics of the cold agglutinin reaction. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1966; 18: 1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Evans R. S., Turner E., Bingham M. Studies with radioiodinated cold agglutinins of ten patients. Amer. J. Med. 1965; 38: 378
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harboe M. Interactions between 131 I trace-labeled cold agglutinin, complement and red cells. Brit. J. Haemat 1964; 10: 339
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masouredis S. P. Relationship between Rh0(D) genotype and quantity of I121 anti-Rh0(D) bound to red cells. J. Clin. Invest. 1960; 39: 1450
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Masouredis S. P., Dupuy M. E., Elliot M. Relationship between Rh0(D) zygosity and red cell Rh0(D) antigen content in family members. J. Clin. Invest. 1967; 46: 681
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes-Jones N. C. The estimation of the concentration and equilibrium constant of anti-D. Immunology 1967; 12: 565
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollison P. L., Cutbush Marie. Use of isotope-labeled red cells to demonstrate incompatibility in vivo. Lancet 1955; 1: 1290
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jandl J. H., Jones A. R., Castle W. B. The destruction of red cells by antibodies in man. I. Observations on the sequestration and lysis of red cells altered by immune mechanisms. J. Clin. Invest. 1957; 36: 1428
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jandl J. H., Kaplan M. E. The destruction of red cells by antibodies in man. III. Quantitative factors influencing the patterns of hemolysis “in vivo”. J. Clin. Invest. 1960; 39: 1145
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollison P. L. Red cell destruction by iso-antibodies. Haemat. Lat. 1967; 10: 31
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Jandl J. H., Greenberg M. S., Yonemoto R. H., Castle W. B. Clinical determination of the sites of red cell sequestration in hemolytic anemias. J. Clin. Invest. 1956; 35: 842
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollison P. L., Crome P., Hughes-Jones N. C., Rochna E. Rate of removal from the circulation of red cells sensitized with different amounts of antibody. Brit. J. Haemat. 1965; 11: 461
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes-Jones N. C., Hughes M. I.J., Walker W. The amount of anti-D on red cells in haemolytic disease of the newborn. Vox Sang. 1967; 12: 279
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollison P. L., Hughes-Jones N. C. Clearance of Rh-positive red cells by low concentrations of Rh antibody. Immunology 1967; 12: 63
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Börner P., Deicher H., Hoppe H. H., Pixberg H. U., Sieg W. Clearance of Rh-positive foetal erythrocytes from the blood of Rh-negative adults by intravenously applicable immunoglobulin G anti-D. Vox Sang. 1969; 17: 362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olesen H., Hippe E. Turnover of monoclonalγ M-globulins (cold agglutinins) and their subunits. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1968; 22: 157
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldmann T. A., Schwab P. J. IgG (75 gamma globulin) metabolism in hypogammaglobulinemia: Studies in patients with-defective gamma globulin synthesis, gastrointestinal protein loss or both. J. Clin. Invest. 1965; 44: 1523
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Andersen S. B. Metabolism of gamma88, globulin in secondary hypogamma globulinemia. Amer. J. Med. 1963; 35: 708
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gabuzda T. G. The turnover and distribution of I131 -labelled myeloma and macroblobulin proteins. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1962; 59: 65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olesen H. Turnover studies with iodine-labelled gamma-macroblobulin and albumin. Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 1963; 15: 497
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alper C. A., Rosen F. S. Studies of the in vivo behavior of human C'3 in normal subjects and patients. J. Clin. Invest. 1967; 46: 2021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petz L. D., Fink D. J., Letsky E. A., Fudenberg H. H., Müller-Eberhard H. J. In vivo metabolism of complement, 1. Metabolism of the third component (c'3) in acquired hemolytic anemia. J. Clin. Invest. 1968; 47: 2469
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ransen A. R., Cruchaud A., McMillan C. W., Gitlin D. A study of fibrinogen turnover in classical hemophilia and congenital afibrinogenemia. Blood 1961; 18: 710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlane A. S. In vivo behavior of 1–131 fibrinogen. J. Clin. Invest. 1963; 42: 346
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Izak G., Galewski K., Eyal Z. Studies on hypercoagulable state. II. The application of I-131 labeled fibrinogen for the estimation of intravascular coagulation in human subjects. Thromb. Diath. Haemorrh. 1967; 18: 544
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kakkar V. V., Nicolaides A. N., Renney J. T. G., Friend J. R., Clarke M. B. I125 labelled fibrinogen test adapted for routine screening for deep-vein thrombosis. Lancet March, 1970; 1: 540
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atencio A. C., Burdick D. C., Reeves E. B. An accurate isotope dilution method for measuring plasma fibrinogen. J. Lab. Clin. Med. 1965; 66: 137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regoeczi E. Occlusion of plasma proteins by human fibrin: Studies using trace-labeled proteins. Brit. J. Haemat. 1968; 14: 279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Regoeczi E., Walton P. L. Effects of clotting on the label in iodinated fibrinogen in different species. Thromb. Diath, Haemorrh. 1967; 17: 237
   PubMedGoogle Scholar