Conidiogenesis of Fungi Pathogenic for Man

References

• Hughes S. J. Conidiophores, conidia and classification. Can. J. Bot. 1953; 31: 577
   Google Scholar
• Vuillemin P. Les conidiophores. Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy 1910; 11: 129
   Google Scholar
• Vuillemin P. Les aleuriospores. Bull. Soc. Sci. Nancy 1911; 12: 151
   Google Scholar
• Vuillemin P. Les Champignons Essai de Classification. Doin, Paris 1912
   Google Scholar
• Mason E. W. Annotated account of fungi received at the Imperial Mycological Institute, List II. Imperial Mycological Institute, Kew, SurreyEngland 1933, fasc. 2, 1.
   Google Scholar
• Langeron M., Vanbreuseghem R. Precis de Mycologie. Masson, Paris 1952
   Google Scholar
• Subramanian C. V. A classification of the hyphomycetes. Curr. Sci. (India) 1962; 31: 409
   Google Scholar
• Tubaki K. Sporulating structures in Fungi Imperfecti, chap. 4. The Fungi: An Advanced Treatise, G. C. Ainsworth, A. S. Sussman. Academic Press, New York 1966
   Google Scholar
• Madelin M. F. The Fungus Spore. Colston Symposium, Butterworths, London 1966
   Google Scholar
• Taxonomy of Fungi Imperfecti: Proc 1st Int. Specialists' Workshop — Conf. Criteria and Terminology in the Classification of Fungi Imperfecti, Kananaskis, 1969, W. B. Kendrick. University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1971
   Google Scholar
• Cole G. T., Samson R. A. Patterns of Development in Conidial Fungi. Pitman, London 1979
   Google Scholar
• Minter D. W., Kirk P. M., Sutton B. C. Holoblastic phialides. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 1982; 79: 75
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minter D. W., Kirk P. M., Sutton B. C. Thallic phialides. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 1983; 80: 39
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tubaki K. Studies on the Japanese hyphomycetes. V. Leaf and stem group with a discussion of the classification of hyphomycetes and their perfect stages. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 1958; 31: 141
   Google Scholar
• Tubaki K. Taxonomic study of hyphomycetes. Annu. Rept. Inst. Ferm. Osaka 1963; 1: 25
   Google Scholar
• Barron G. L. The Genera of Hyphomycetes from Soil. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1968
   Google Scholar
• Taxonomy of Fungi Imperfecti: Proc. 1st Int. Specialists' Workshop — Conf. Criteria and Terminology in the Classification of Fungi Imperfecti, Kananaskis, 1969, W. B. Kendrick. University of Toronto Press, Toronto 1971
   Google Scholar
• Ellis M. B. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. C.A.B., Farnham Royal 1971
   Google Scholar
• Hanlin R. T. Phialide and conidium development in Aspergillus clavatus. Am. J. Bot. 1976; 63: 144
   Google Scholar
• Madelin M. F. An appraisal of the taxonomic significance of some different modes of producing blastic conidia. The Whole Fungus, W. B. Kendrick. National Museum of Natural Sciences, National Museums of Canada and the Kananaskis Foundation. 1979; 63
   Google Scholar
• Ingold C. T. The validity of the concept of conidia as either blastic or thallic. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 1981; 77: 194
   Google Scholar
• Descals E., Webster J. Taxonomic studies on aquatic hyphomycetes. II. The Dendrospora aggregate. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 1980; 74: 135
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minter D. W., Sutton B. C., Brady B. L. What are phialides anyway?. Trans. Br. Mycol. Soc. 1983; 81: 109
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Emmons C. W., Binford C. H., Utz J. P., Kwon-Chung K. J. Medical Mycology, Lea. & Febiger, Philadelphia 1977
   Google Scholar
• Kendrick W. B., Carmichael J. W. Hyphomycetes. The Fungi, An Advanced Treatise, IVA, G. C. Ainsworth, F. K. Sparrow, A. S. Sussman. Academic Press, New York 1973; 323
   Google Scholar
• Von Arx J. A. Genera of Fungi Sporulating in Pure Culture. Cramer, Vaduz 1981
   Google Scholar
• Pitt J. I. The Genus Penicillium and its Teleomorphic States Eupenicillium and Talaromyces. Academic Press, London 1979
   Google Scholar
• Thorn C., Raper K. B. A Manual of the Aspergilli. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1945
   Google Scholar
• Oliver P. T. P. Conidiophore and spore development in Aspergillus nidulans. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1972; 73: 45
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cole G. T., Samson R. A. Conidium and sporangiospore formation in pathogenic microfungi. Fungi Pathogenic for Humans and Animals, Part A, D. H. Howard. Marcel Dekker, New York 1983; 437
   Google Scholar
• Fletcher J. Conidium ontogeny in Penicillium. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1971; 67: 207
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Trinci A. P. J., Peat A., Banbury G. H. Fine structure of phialide and conidiospore development in Aspergillus giganteus Wehmer. Ann. Bot. (London) 1968; 32: 241
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsukahara T. Electron microscopy of conidiospore formation in Aspergillus niger. Sabouraudia 1970; 8: 93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ghiorse W. C., Edwards M. R. Ultrastructure of Aspergillus fumigatus conidia development and maturation. Protoplasma 1973; 76: 49
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olah G. M. L'ontogenic sporale et Infrastructure de la paroi chez Paecilomyces berlinensis. Can. J. Microbiol. 1972; 18: 1471
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sigler L., Carmichael J. W. Taxonomy of Malbranchea and some other hyphomycetes with ar-throconidia. Mycotaxon 1976; 4: 349
   Google Scholar
• Carmichael J. W. Miscellaneous hyphomycetes and coelomycetes. Fungi Pathogenic for Humans and Animals, Part A, D. H. Howard. Marcel Dekker, New York 1983; 217
   Google Scholar
• Emmons C. W. Dermatophytes. Natural grouping on the form on the spores and accessory organs. Arch. Derm. Syph. 1934; 30: 338
   Google Scholar
• Akin D. E., Michaels G. E. Microsporum gypseum macroconidial development revealed by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Sabouraudia 1972; 10: 52
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cole G. T. Conidiogenesis in pathogenic hyphomycetes. I Sporothrix, Exophiala, Geotrichum and Microsporum. Sabouraudia 1976; 14: 81
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Delektorskii V. V., Sheklakov N. D., Shadyev Kh. K. Ultrastructure of M. canis in culture and infected hair. Vestn. Dermatol. Venerolog. 1975; 6: 10
   Google Scholar
• Caprilli F., Nazzaro P., Mercantini R., Tonolo A. Morphological and cytological observations on conidial formation of the genera Epidermophyton and Microsporon. Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 1971; 45: 137
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galgoczy J. Dermatophytes: conidium ontogeny and classification. Acta Microbiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 1975; 22: 105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galgoczy J. Conidium ontogeny of dermatophytes. Acta Microbiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 1978; 25: 55
   Google Scholar
• Rebell G., Taplin D. Dermatophytes, Their Recognition and Identification. University of Miami Press, Miami 1970
   Google Scholar
• Visset M. F. Les formes conidiennes du complexe Microsporum gypseum observees en microscope electronique a balayage. Sabouraudia 1972; 10: 191
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Visset M. F. L'etude des ultrasculptures de surface (microscope electronique a balayage) permet-elle d'analyser les complexes de Gymnoascees?. Sabouraudia 1973; 11: 124
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Shetsiruli L. T., Apridonidze K. G. Ontogenetic changes in the ultrastructure of Trichophyton rubrum according to the data of scanning electron microscope. Vestn. Dermatol. Veneroi 1977; 10: 30
   Google Scholar
• Wu-Yuan C. D., Hashimoto T. Architecture and chemistry of microconidial walls of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. J. Bacterid. 1977; 129: 1584
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edwards M. R., Hazen E. L., Edwards G. A. The micromorphology of the tuberculate spores of Histoplasma capsulatum. Can. J. Microbiol. 1960; 6: 65
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Nielson G. E., Evans R. E. A study of the sporulation of Histoplasma capsulatum. J. Bacteriol. 1964; 68: 261
   Google Scholar
• Gaur P. K., Lichtwardt R. W. Comparative study of a new Chrysosporium species with Histoplasma capsulatum. Sabouraudia 1980; 18: 105
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garrison R. G., Lane J. W. The fine structure of the microconidium of Blastomyces dermatitidis. Mycopath. Mycol. Appl. 1974; 52: 93
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carmichael J. W. (1971) Blastospores, Aleuriospores, Chlamydospores. Taxonomy of Fungi Imperfecti: Proc. 1st Int. Specialists' Workshop — Conf. Criteria and Terminology in the Classification of Fungi Imperfecti, Kananaskis, 1969, W. B. Kendrick. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 50
   Google Scholar
• Garrison R. G., Mirikitani F. K. Fine structural studies of the Chrysosporium state of Renispora flavissima. Mycopathologia 1983; 81: 3
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McDonough E. S., Wisniewski T. R., Penn L. A., Chan D. M., McNamara W. J. Preliminary studies on conidial liberation of Blastomyces dermatitidis and Histoplasma capsulatum. Sabouraudia 1976; 14: 199
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Orr G. F., Keuhn H. H., Plunkett O. A. The genus Myxotrichum Kutze. Can. J. Bot. 1963; 41: 1457
   Google Scholar
• Sun S. H., Huppert M. A cytological study of morphogenesis in Coccidioides immitis. Sabouraudia 1976; 14: 185
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sun S. H., Sekon S. S., Huppert M. Electron microscopic studies on saprobic and parasitic forms of Coccidioides immitis. Sabouraudia 1979; 17: 265
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bibel D. J., Crumrine D. A., Yee K., King R. D. Development of arthrospores of Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Infect. lmmun. 1977; 15: 958
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Muller E., Von Arx J. A. Pyrenomycetes: Meliolales, Coronophorales, Sphaeriales. The Fungi, An Advanced Treatise IVA, G. C. Ainsworth, F. K. Sparrow, A. S. Sussman. Academic Press, New York 1973; 87
   Google Scholar
• Hawksworth D. L., Sutton B. C., Ainsworth G. C. Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi. Commonwealth Agricultural BureauxFarnham Royal, England 1983
   Google Scholar
• Cole G. T., Aldrich H. C. infrastructure of conidiogenesis in Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Can. J. Bot. 1971; 49: 745
   Google Scholar
• Cole G. T., Kendrick W. B. Conidium ontogeny in hyphomycetes. The annellophores of Scopulariopsis brevicaulis. Can. J. Bot. 1969; 47: 925
   Google Scholar
• Hammill T. M. Fine structure of annellophores. I. Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and 5. koningii. Am. J. Bot. 1971; 58: 88
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hironaga M., Watanabe S. Annellated conidiogenous cells in Petriellidium boydii (Scedosporium apiospermum). Sabouraudia 1980; 18: 261
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Saccardo P. A. Notae mycologicae. Ann. Mycol. 1911; 9: 254
   Google Scholar
• Shear C. L. Life history of an undescribed ascomycete from a granular mycetoma of man. Mycologia 1922; 14: 239
   Google Scholar
• Hughes S. J. Revisiones hyphomyceticum aliquot cum appendice de nominibus rejiciendis. Can. J. Bot. 1958; 36: 727
   Google Scholar
• De Vries G. A. Ascomycetes: Eurotiales, Sphaeriales and Dothideales. Fungi Pathogenic for Humans and Animals, Part A, D. H. Howard. Marcel Dekker, New York 1983; 81
   Google Scholar
• Gay G. M., Bigelow J. B. Madura foot due to Monosporium apiospermum. Am. J. Pathol. 1930; 6: 325
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gellman M., Gammell J. A. Madura foot, a third case of monosporiosis in a native American. Arch. Surg. 1933; 26: 295
   Google Scholar
• Dowding E. S. Monosporium apiospermum a fungus causing madura foot in Canada. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1935; 25: 28
   Google Scholar
• Campbell C. K., Smith J. Conidiogenesis in Petriellidium boydii (Pseudallescheria boydii). Mycopathology 1982; 78: 145
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Subramanian C. V. Conidial chains, their nature and significance in the taxonomy of hyphomycetes. Curr. Sci. 1972; 41: 43
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tubaki K. Hyphomycetes — Their Perfect-Imperfect Connexions. J. Cramer, Vaduz 1981
   Google Scholar
• Goos R. D., Summers D. F. Use of fluorescent antibody techniques in observations on the morphogenesis of fungi. Mycologia 1964; 56: 701
   Google Scholar
• Subramanian C. V. (1971) The Phialide. Taxonomy of Fungi Imperfecti: Proc. 1st Int. Specialists' Workshop — Conf. Criteria and Terminology in the Classification of Fungi Imperfecti, Kananaskis, 1969, W. B. Kendrick. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 92
   Google Scholar
• Buckley P. M., Wyllie T. D., DeVay J. E. Fine structure of conidia and conidium formation in Verticillium albo-atrum and V. nigrescens. Mycologia 1969; 61: 240
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamill T. M. Electron microscopy of phialides and conidiogenesis in Trichoderma saturnisporum. Am. J. Bot. 1974; 61: 15
   Google Scholar
• Booth C. The Genus Fusarium. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureau, Famham Royal, England 1971
   Google Scholar
• Mariat F. Observations sur l'ecologie de Sporothrix schenckii et de Ceratocystis stenoceras. Sabouraudia 1975; 13: 217
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Howard D. H., Orr G. F. Comparison of strains of Sporothrix schenckii isolated from nature. J. Bacterial. 1963; 85: 816
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodge C. W. Medical Mycology. Fungous Diseases of Men and Other Mammals. C. V. Mosby, St Louis 1935
   Google Scholar
• Lane J. W., Garrison R. G., Field M. F. Ultrastructural studies on the yeast-like and mycelial phase of Sporothrix schenckii. J. Bacterid. 1969; 100: 1010
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Garrison R. G. Ultrastructural cytology of pathogenic fungi. Fungi Pathogenic for Humans and Animals, Part A, D. H. Howard. Marcel Dekker, New York 1983; 229
   Google Scholar
• Campbell R. E. An electron microscopic study of spore structure and development in Alternaria bras-sicicola. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1969; 54: 381
   Google Scholar
• Fanny E., Carroll G. C. (1971) Fine-structural studies on “Poroconidium” formation in Stemphxlium botryosum. Taxonomy of Fungi Imperfecli: Proc. 1st Int. Specialists' Workshop — Conf. Criteria and Terminology in the Classification of Fungi Imperfecti, Kananaskis, 1969, W. B. Kendrick. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 75
   Google Scholar
• Cole G. T. Ultrastructure of conidiogenesis in Drechslera sorokiniana. Can. J. Bot. 1973; 51: 629
   Google Scholar
• Ellis M. B. (1971) Porospores. Taxonomy of Fungi Imperfecti: Proc. 1st Int. Specialists' Workshop — Conf. Criteria and Terminology in the Classification of Fungi Imperfecti, Kananaskis, 1969, W. B. Kendrick. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 71
   Google Scholar
• Carrion A. L. The specific fungi of chromoblastomycosis. PR. J. Public Health Trop. Med. 1939; 15: 340
   Google Scholar
• McGinnis M. R. (1978) Human pathogenic species of Exophiala, Phialophora and Wangiella. Proc. 4th PAHO Conference on the Mycoses — “Black and White Yeast”, Brasilia, 1977. Pan American Health Organization, Brasilia, 37
   Google Scholar
• Cole G. T. (1978) Conidiogenesis in the black yeasts. Proc. 4th PAHO Conference on the Mycoses — “The Black and While Yeasts”, Brasilia, 1977. Pan American Health Organization, Brasilia, 66
   Google Scholar
• Dixon D. M., Shadomy H. J. Taxonomy and morphology of dematiaceous fungi isolated from nature. Mycopathologia 1980; 70: 139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang C. J. K. Annellophores in Torula jeanselmei. Mycologia 1960; 58: 614
   Google Scholar
• McGinnis M. R., Padhye A. A. Exophiala jeanselmei a new combination for Phialophora jeanselmei. Mycotaxon 1977; 5: 341
   Google Scholar
• Von Arx J. A. The Genera of Fungi Sporulating in Pure Culture. J. Cramer, Lehre 1970
   Google Scholar
• Oujezdsky K. B., Szaniszlo P. J. Conidial ontogeny in Phialophora dermatitidis. Mycologia 1974; 66: 537
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• De Hoog G. S. Rhinocladiellaand allied genera. Studies in Mycology. Centralbureau voor Schim-melcultures, Baam, Netherlands 1977; 1
   Google Scholar
• Nishimura K. Studies on the phylogenesis of pathogenic “black yeasts”. Jpn. J. Med. Mycol. 1982; 23: 122
   Google Scholar
• Hironaga M., Watanabe S., Nishimura K., Miyaji M. Annellated conidiogenous cells in Exophiala dermatitidis agent of phaeohyphomycosis. Mycologia 1981; 73: 1181
   Google Scholar
• Nishimura K., Miyaji M. Studies on a saprophyte of Exophiala dermatitidis from a humidifier. Mycopathologia 1982; 77: 173
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar