Fractal Morphogenesis by a Bacterial Cell Population

References

• Mandelbrot B. How long is the coast of Britain? Statistical self-similarity and fractional dimension. Science 1967; 156: 636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mandelbrot B. B. The Fractal Geometry of Nature. W. H. Freeman & Co., New York 1983
   Google Scholar
• Matsushita M., Ouchi S. On the self-affinity of various curves. Physica D 1989; 38: 246
   Google Scholar
• Goldberger A. L., Rigney D. R., West B. J. Chaos and fractals in human physiology. Sci. Am. 1990; 46: 42
   Google Scholar
• Costerton J. W., Cheng K. J., Geesey G. G., Ladd T. I., Nickel J. C., Dasgupta M., Marrie T. J. Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 1987; 41: 435
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lorian V. Effect of low antibiotic concentrations on bacteria: effects on ultrastructure, their virulence, and susceptibility to immunodefenses. Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine2nd Ed., V. Lorian. Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore 1986; 596
   Google Scholar
• Postgate J. Microbes and Man3rd Ed. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1992; 3
   Google Scholar
• Matsuyama T., Sogawa M., Nakagawa Y. Fractal spreading growth of Serratia marcescens which produces surface active exolipids. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1989; 61: 243
   Google Scholar
• Paumgartner D., Losa G., Weibel E. R. Resolution effect on the stereological estimation of surface and volume and its interpretation in terms of fractal dimensions. J. Microsc 1980; 121: 51
   Google Scholar
• Morse D. R., Lawton J. H., Dodson M. M., Williamson M. H. Fractal dimension of vegetation and the distribution of arthropod body lengths. Nature 1985; 314: 731
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis M., Rees D. C. Fractal surfaces of proteins. Science 1985; 230: 1163
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caserta F., Stanley H. E., Eldred W. D., Daccord G., Hausman R. E., Nittmann J. Physical mechanisms underlying neurite outgrowth: a quantitative analysis of neuronal shape. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1990; 64: 95
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• West B. J., Barghava V., Goldberger A. L. Beyond the principle of similitude: renomalization in the bronchial tree. J. Appl. Physiol. 1986; 60: 1089
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feder J. Fractals. Plenum Press, New York 1988
   Google Scholar
• Grimont P. A. D., Grimont F. The genus Serratia. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 1978; 32: 211
   Google Scholar
• Matsuyama T., Fujita M., Yano I. Wetting agent produced by Serratia marcescens. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1985; 28: 125
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuyama T., Sogawa M., Yano I. Direct colony thin-layer chromatography and rapid characterization of Serratia marcescens mutants defective in production of wetting agents. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1987; 53: 1186
   Google Scholar
• Bar-Ness R., Avrahamy N., Matsuyama T., Rosenberg M. Increased cell surface hydrophobic-ity of a Serratia marcescens NS 38 mutant lacking wetting activity. J. Bacteriol. 1988; 170: 4361
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuyama T., Murakami T., Fujita M., Fujita S., Yano I. Extracellular vesicle formation and biosurfactant production by Serratia marcescens. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1986; 132: 865
   Google Scholar
• Wasserman H. H., Keggi J. J., McKeon J. Serratomolide, a metabolic product of Serratia. J. Am. Chem. Soc 1961; 83: 4107
   Google Scholar
• Matsuyama T., Kaneda K., Nakagawa Y., Isa K., Hara-Hotta H., Yano I. A novel extracellular cyclic lipopeptide which promotes flagellum-dependent and -independent spreading growth of Serratia marcescens. J. Bacteriol. 1992; 174: 1769
   Google Scholar
• Nakagawa Y., Matsuyama T. Chromatographic determination of optical configuration of 3-hydroxy fatty acids composing microbial surfactants. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 1993; 108: 99
   Google Scholar
• Fujikawa H., Matsushita M. Fractal growth of Bacillus subtilis on agar plates. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 1989; 58: 3857
   Google Scholar
• Matsushita M., Fujikawa H. Diffusion-limited growth in bacterial colony formation. Physica A 1990; 168: 498
   Google Scholar
• Ohgiwari M., Matsushita M., Matsuyama T. Morphological changes in growth phenomena of bacterial colony patterns. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 1992; 61: 816
   Google Scholar
• Vicsek T., Cserzo M., Horvath V. K. Self-affine growth of bacterial colonies. Physica A 1990; 167: 315
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ben-Jakob E., Shmueli H., Shochet O., Tenenbaum A. Adaptive self-organization during growth of bacterial colonies. Physica A 1992; 187: 378
   Google Scholar
• Obert M., Pfeifer P., Sernetz M. Microbial growth patterns described by fractal geometry. J. Bacteriol. 1990; 172: 1180
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuyama T., Matsushita M. Self-similar colony morphogenesis by gram-negative rods as the experimental model of fractal growth by a cell population. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1992; 58: 1227
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicsek T. Fractal Growth Phenomena. World Scientific Publishing Co., Singapore 1989
   Google Scholar
• Mandelbrot B. B., Evertsz C. J. G. The potential distribution around growing fractal clusters. Nature 1990; 348: 143
   Google Scholar
• Witten T. A., Sander L. M. Diffusion-limited aggregation, a kinetic critical phenomenon. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1981; 47: 1400
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meakin P. The growth of fractal aggregates and their fractal measures. Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena, C. Domb, J. L. Lebowitz. Academic Press, New York 1988; Vol. 12: 335
   Google Scholar
• Meakin P. A new model for biological pattern formation. J. Theor. Biol. 1986; 118: 101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsushita M. Experimental observations of aggregations. The Fractal Approach to Heterogeneous Chemistry, D. Avnir. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, UK 1989; 161
   Google Scholar
• Fractal Forms, E. Guyon, H. E. Stanley. Elsevier, Palais de la Dècouverte 1991
   Google Scholar
• Matsushita M., Sano M., Hayakawa Y., Honjo H., Sawada Y. Fractal structures of zinc metal leaves grown by electrodeposition. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1984; 53: 286
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nittmann J., Daccord G., Stanley H. E. Fractal growth of viscous fingers: quantitative characterization of a fluid instability phenomenon. Nature 1985; 314: 141
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niemeyer L., Pietronero L., Wiesmann H. J. Fractal dimension of dielectric breakdown. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1984; 52: 1033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vicsek T. Pattern formation in diffusion-limited aggregation. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1984; 53: 2281
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuyama T., Kaneda K., Ishizuka I., Toida T., Yano I. Surface-active novel glycolipid and linked 3-hydroxy fatty acids produced by Serratia rubidaea. J. Bacteriol. 1990; 172: 3015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jarvis F. G., Johnson M. J. A glycol-lipide produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Am. Chem. Soc 1949; 71: 4124
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kakinuma A., Hori M., Sugino H., Yoshida I., Isono M., Tamura G., Arima K. Determination of the location of lactone ring in surfactin. Agric. Biol. Chem. 1969; 33: 1523
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuyama T., Ohgiwari M., Matsushita M., unpublished results
   Google Scholar
• Matsushita M. Self-similarity, self-affinity and multifractals. Nagare 1990; 9: 145, (in Japanese)
   Google Scholar
• Matsushita M., Ohgiwari M., Matsuyama T. Fractal growth and morphological changes in bacterial colony formation. Growth Patterns in Physical Science and Biology, E. Louis, et al. Plenum Press, New York 1992
   Google Scholar
• Matsushita M., Ohgiwari M., Matsuyama T. Diffusion-limited growth and morphological change in bacterial colony formation. Surface Disordering: Growth, Roughening and Phase Transitions. Nova Science Publishers, New York, in press
   Google Scholar
• Ben-Jacob E., Garik P. The formation of patterns in non-equilibrium growth. Nature 1990; 343: 523
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sawada Y., Dougherty A., Gollub J. P. Dendritic and fractal patterns in electrolytic metal deposits. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1986; 56: 1260
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grier D., Ben-Jacob E., Clarke R., Sander L. M. Morphology and microstructure in electrochemical deposition of zinc. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1986; 56: 1264
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsuyama T. Bacterial wetting activity and fractal colony growth. Surface 1993; 31: 113, (in Japanese)
   Google Scholar
• Williams F. D. Nature of the swarming phenomenon in Proteus. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 1978; 32: 101
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Henisch H. K. Crystals in Gels and Liesegang Rings. Cambridge University Press, New York 1988
   Google Scholar
• Matsuyama T., Matsushita M., unpublished results
   Google Scholar
• Maeda K., Imae Y., Shioi J., Oosawa F. Effect of temperature on motility and chemotaxis of Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 1976; 127: 1039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray J. D. Mathematical Biology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1989
   Google Scholar
• Shapiro J. A. Multicellualr behavior of bacteria, studying the social interactions of bacteria provides both basic and practical insights. ASM News 1991; 57: 247
   Google Scholar
• Allison C., Hughes C. Closely linked genetic loci required for swarm cell differentiation and multicellular migration by Proteus mirabilis. Mol. Microbiol. 1991; 5: 1975
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Belas B., Erskine D., Flaherty D. Proteus mirabilis mutants defective in swarmer cell differentiation and multicellular behavior. J. Bacteriol. 1991; 173: 6279
   Google Scholar
• O'Rear J., Alberti L., Harshey R. M. Mutations that impair swarming motility in Serratia marcescens 274 include but are not limited to those affecting chemotaxis or flagellar function. J. Bacteriol. 1992; 174: 6125
   Google Scholar
• Matsuyama T., Murakami T. Two distinct types of spreading behavior of Salmonella in an interfacial environment. Abstr., IUMS Congress: Bacteriology & Mycology. OsakaJapan 1990; 203
   Google Scholar