440
Views
23
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

A retrospective analysis of toxicity studies in dogs and impact on the chronic reference dose for conventional pesticide chemicals

, &
Pages 16-23 | Received 28 Aug 2009, Accepted 07 Oct 2009, Published online: 16 Dec 2009

References

  • Appleman LM, VJ Feron (1986). Significance of the dog as “second animal species” in toxicity testing for establishing the lowest ‘no-toxic-effect level’. J Appl Toxicol 6:271–279.
  • Box RJ, Spielmann H (2005). Use of the dog as non-rodent test species in the safety testing schedule associated with the registration of crop and plant protection products (pesticides): Present status. Arch Toxicol 79:615–626.
  • Contrera JF, Aub D, Barbehenn E, Belair E, Chen C, Evoniuk G, Mainigi K, Mielach F, Sancilio L (1993). A retrospective comparison of the results of 6 and 12 month non-rodent toxicity studies. Adverse Drug React Toxicol Rev 12:63–76.
  • DeGeorge J, Meyers L, Takahashi M, Contrera J (1999). The duration of non-rodent toxicity studies for pharmaceuticals. Toxicol Sci 49:143–155.
  • Doe JE, Boobis AR, Blacker A, Dellarco V, Doerrer NG, Franklin C, Goodman JI, Kronenberg JM, Lewis R, McConnell EE, Mercier T, Moretto A, Nolan C, Padilla S, Phang W, Solecki R, Tilbury L, van Ravenzwaay B, Wolf DC (2006). A tiered approach to systemic toxicity testing for agricultural chemical safety assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol 36:37–68.
  • Federal Register Notice—Pesticides; Data Requirements for Conventional Chemicals, Technical Amendments, and Data Requirements for Biochemical and Microbial Pesticides; Final Rules. October 26, 2007.
  • Gerbracht U, Spielmann H (1998). The use of dogs as second species in regulatory testing of pesticides. I. Interspecies comparison. Arch Toxicol 72:319–329.
  • Lumley CE, Parkinson C, Walker SR (1992). An international appraisal of the minimum duration of chronic toxicity studies. Hum Expe Toxicol 11:155–162.
  • Parkinson C, Lumley CE, Walker SR (1995). The value of information generated by long-term toxicity studies in the dog for the nonclinical safety assessment of pharmaceutical compounds. Fundam Appl Toxicol 25:115–123.
  • Spielmann H, Gerbracht U (2001). The use of dogs as second species in regulatory testing of pesticides. Part II: Subacute, subchronic and chronic studies in the dog. Arch Toxicol 75:1–21.
  • US EPA (2000). Available Information on Asssessing Exposure from Pesticides in Food: A User’s Guide. Docket Number: OPP-00576A. Available at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-PEST/2000/July/Day-12/6061.pdf.
  • US EPA (2002). A Review of the Reference Dose and Reference Concentration Processes: Final Report. EPA/630/P-02/002F.
  • US EPA (2005a). A Comparison of the Results of Studies on Pesticides from 12- or 24-Month Dog Studies with Dog Studies of Shorter Duration, Karl P. Baetcke, Whang Phang, and Vicki Dellarco, Health Effects Division, Office of Pesticide Programs, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC. April 7, 2005. Available at http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/sap/meetings/2005/may2/dogstudymay05.pdf.
  • US EPA (2005b). FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) Meeting Minutes, May 5–6, 2005, A Set of Scientific Issues Being Considered by the Environmental Protection Agency Regarding: A Comparison of the Results of Studies on Pesticides from 1- or 2-Year Dog Studies of Shorter Duration. Avaialble at http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/sap/meetings/2005/may2/dogstudymay05.pdf.
  • US EPA (2006). Length of Dog Toxicity Study(ies) that is Appropriate for Chronic RfD Determinations of Pesticide Chemicals. March 20, 2006. Available at http://www.regulations.gov/search/Regs/home.html#documentDetail?R=09000064807ddb6c.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.