187
Views
65
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review Article

Phencyclidine (PCP): A Review and Perspectives

&
Pages 145-177 | Published online: 26 Sep 2008

References

  • Adams P.M. Interaction of phencyclidine with drugs affecting cholinergic neurotransmission. Neuropharmacology 1980; 19: 151
  • Albin M.S. Tetrahydroaminoacridine and phencyclidine intoxication, (letter). JAMA 1978; 240: 529
  • Allen R.E., Pitts F. N., Jr., Aniline O., Burgoyne R.W. The urban epidemic of phencyclidine (PCP) abuse: prospective clinical and laboratory evidence from a public psychiatric hospital admitting service. N. Engl. J. Med., submitted
  • Aniline O., Allen R.E., Pitts F. N., Jr., Yago L.S., Pitts A.F. The urban epidemic of phencyclidine (PCP) use: laboratory evidence from a public psychiatric hospital inpatient service. Biol. Psychiatr. 1980; 15: 813
  • Aniline O., Pitts F. N., Jr., Allen R.E., Burgoyne R.W. Incidental intoxication with phencyclidine (PCP). J. Clin. Psychiatr. 1980; 41: 393
  • Aniline O., Pitts F.N., Jr. The need for sensitivity and specificity in clinical screening for PCP, (letter to editor). New Engl. J. Med. 1981
  • Aniline O., Pitts F. N., Jr., Allen R.E. Clinical and kinetic aspects of phencyclidine (PCP). PCP (Phencyclidine): Historical and Current Perspectives, E.F. Domino. NPP Books, Ann Arbor 1981
  • Aronow R. Cutting a street drug's half-life. Medical World News. September 6, 1976
  • Aronow R., Done A.K. Phencyclidine overdose: emerging concepts of treatment. J. ACEC 1978; 7: 56
  • Aronow R., Miceli J.N., Done A.K. Clinical observations during phencyclidine intoxication and treatment based on ion trapping. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 218
  • Baez A., personal communication
  • Bailey K. Identification of a street drug as N-ethyl-I-phenylcyclohexlamine, a phencyclidine analog. J. Pharm. Sci. 1978; 67(6)885
  • Bailey K., Gagne D.R., Pike R.K. Identification of some analogs of the hallucinogen phencyclidine. J. AOAC 1976; 59: 81
  • Bailey D.N., Shaw R.F., Guba J.J. Phencyclidine abuse: plasma levels and clinical findings in casual users and in phencyclidine-related deaths. J. Anal. Toxicol. 1978; 2: 233
  • Bakker M.D., Amini F.B. Observations on psychotomimetic effects of Sernyl. Comprehen. Psychiatr. 1961; 2: 269
  • Balster R.L., Chait L.D. The behavioral pharmacology of phencyclidine. Clin. Toxicol. 1976; 9: 513
  • Balster R.L., Chait L.D. The effects of phencyclidine on amphetamine stereotype in rats. South. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1978; 48: 445
  • Balster R.L., Chait L.D. The behavioral effects of phencyclidine in animals. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 53
  • Balster R.L., Johanson C.E. Phencyclidine self-administration in the rhesus monkey. Pharm. Biochem. Behav. 1973; 1: 167
  • Becker C.E. Sernylan inhibition of primate serum cholinesterases. Clin. Chem. Abstr. 1969; 41: 780
  • Bodi T., Share I., Levy H., Moyer J.H. Clinical trial of phencyclidine (Sernyl) in patients with psychoneurosis. Antibiot. Med. Clin. Ther. 1958; 6: 79
  • Bolter A., Heminger A., Martin G., Fry M. Out-patient clinical experience in a community drug abuse program with phencyclidine abuse. Clin. Toxicol. 1976; 9: 593
  • Budd R.D. PHP, a new drug of abuse. N. Engl. J. Med. 1980; 303: 588
  • Burns R.S., Lerner S.E., Corrado R. Phencyclidine – states of acute intoxication and fatalities. West. J. Med. 1975; 123: 345
  • Burns R.S., Lerner S.E. Perspectives: acute phencyclidine intoxication. Clin. Toxicol. 1976; 9: 477
  • Burns R.S., Lerner S.E. Management and treatment of acute phencyclidine intoxications. Acute Drug Abuse Emergencies, P.C. Bourne. Academic Press, New York 1976; 297
  • Burns R.S., Lerner S.E. Phencyclidine deaths. JACEP 1978; 7: 135
  • Caplan Y.H., Orloff K.G., Thompson B.C., Fisher R.S. Detection of phencyclidine in medical examiner's cases. J. Anal. Toxicol. 1979; 3: 47
  • Carlin A.S., Grant I., Adams K.M., Reed R. Is phencyclidine (PCP) abuse associated with organic mental impairment?. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse 1979; 6: 273
  • Castellani S., Adams P.M., Giannani A.J. Physostigmine treatment of acute phencyclidine intoxication. J. Clin. Psychiatr. 1982; 43: 10
  • Chait L.D., Balster R.L. The effects of acute and chronic phencyclidine on schedule-controlled behavior in the squirrel monkey. South. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 1978; 104: 77
  • Chan M.L., Whetsell C., McChesney J.D. Use of high pressure liquid chromatography for the separation of drugs of abuse. J. Chromatogr. Sci. 1974; 12: 512
  • Chen G., Ensor C.R., Russell D., Bohner B. The pharmacology of I-(I-phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine HCL. J. Pharm. Exp. Ther. 1959; 127: 241
  • Chen G.M., Weston J.K. The analgesic and anesthetic effect of I-(I-phenylcyclohexyl) piperidine HCL on the monkey. Anesth. Analg. 1960; 39: 132
  • Clardy D.O., Gravey R.H., MacDonald B.J., Wiersma S.J., Pearce D.S., Ragle J.L. The phencyclidine-intoxicated driver. J. Analyt. Toxicol. 1979; 3: 238
  • Cleckner P.J. Freaks and cognescenti: PCP use in Miami. Angel Dust: An Ethnographic Study of PCP Users, H.W. Feldman, M.H. Agar, G.M. Beschner. D. C. Heath & Co., Lexington, Mass. 1979; 183
  • Cogen F.C., Rigg G., Simmons J.L., Domino E.F. Phencyclidine associated acute rhabdomyolysis. Ann. Int. Med. 1978; 88: 210
  • Cohen B.D., Rosenbaum G., Luby E.D., Gottlieb J. Comparison of phencyclidine HCL (Sernyl) with other drugs. Arch. Gen. Psychiatr. 1962; 6: 395
  • Cohen S. Angel dust: the pervasive psychedelic. Drug Abuse Alcoholism Newsl. 1976; 5
  • Collins V.J., Gorospe C.A., Rovenstine E.A. Intravenous nonbarbiturate, nonnarcotic analgesics: preliminary studies. I. Cyclohexylamines. Anesth. Analg. 1960; 39: 302
  • Cone E.J., Buchwald W.F., Gorodetzky C.W., Vaupel D.B. Evidence for toxic precursors in illicit phencyclidine preparations. Fed. Proc. 1979; 38: 435
  • Cooper J.E., Cummings A.J., Jones H. The placental transfer of phencyclidine in the pig: plasma levels in the sow and its piglets. J. Physiol. 1977; 267: 17
  • Crosley C.J., Binet E.F. Cerebrovascular complications in phencyclidine intoxication. J. Pediatr. 1979; 94: 316
  • Davies B.M., Beech H.R. The effect of I-arylcyclohexylamine (Sernyl) on twelve normal volunteers. J. Ment. Sci. 1960; 106: 912
  • Davis W.M., Borne R.F., Hackett R.B., Waters I.W. Piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile (PCC): acute toxicity alone and potentiation of the lethality of phencyclidine (PCP). Fed. Proc. 1979; 38: 435
  • Dolan M. A plague whose time has come. South. Am. Pharm. 1978; 18: 23
  • Domino E.F. Neurobiology of PCP (Sernyl), a drug with an unusual spectrum of pharmacological activity. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 1964; 6: 303
  • Domino E.F., Wilson A.E. Effects of urine acidification on plasma and urine phencyclidine levels in overdosage. Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 1977; 22: 421
  • Domino E.F. Neurobiology of phencyclidine: an update. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 44
  • Done A.K., Aronow R., Miceli J.N. Pharmacokinetics of phencyclidine (PCP) in overdosage and its treatment. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 210
  • Done A.K., Aronow R., Miceli J.N. Toxic emergency: phencyclidine (PCP) pin-up. Emerg. Med. May, 1978
  • Eastman J.W., Cohen S.N. Hypertensive crisis and death associated with phencyclidine poisoning. JAMA 1975; 231: 1270
  • Fallis R.J., Aniline O., Pitts F. N., Jr., Weiner L.P. Phencyclidine malignant syndrome: a case report. Arch. Neurol., in press
  • Fauman B.J., Baker F.B., Coppleson L.W., Rosen P., Segal M.D. Psychosis induced by phencyclidine. JACEP 1975; 4: 223
  • Fauman B.J., Aldinger G., Fauman M.A., Rosen P. Psychiatric sequelae of phencyclidine abuse. Clin. Toxicol. 1976; 9: 529
  • Fauman B.J. PCP abuse, (editorial). JACEP 1978; 7: 255
  • Fauman M.A., Fauman B.J. The differential diagnosis of organic based psychiatric disturbance in the emergency department. J. Am. Coll. Emerg. Physicians 1977; 6: 315
  • Fauman M.A., Fauman B.J. The psychiatric aspects of chronic phencyclidine use: a study of chronic PCP users. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 183
  • Fauman M.A., Fauman B.J. Chronic PCP abuse and violence. Psychiatr. News. Aug. 1, 1980; 20
  • Angel Dust: An Ethnographic Study of PCP Users, H.W. Feldman, M.H. Agar, G.M. Beschner. D. C. Heath & Co., Lexington, Mass. 1979
  • Finnegan K.T., Kanner M.I., Meltzer H.Y. Phencyclidine-induced rotational behavior in rats with nigrostrial lesions and its modulation by dopaminergic and cholinergic agents. Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav. 1976; 5: 651
  • Finnigan Instruments. 1980, personal communication
  • Gagne D.R., Pike R.K. Identification of 1-(l-cyanocyloalkyl) amines, intermediates in the synthesis of phencyclidine and its analogs. J. AOAC 1977; 60: 32
  • Garey R.E., Heath R.G. Effects of phencyclidine on the uptake of3H-catecholamines by rat striatal and hypothalamic synaptosomes. Life Sci. 1976; 18: 1105
  • Garey R.E., Samuels S., Daul C.G., Harte S.A., Mayard F., Giblin D. Phencyclidine abuse in New Orleans: medical, forensic and laboratory aspects. 1979, unpublished data
  • Gelenberg A.J. Treating PCP toxicity. Massachusetts General Hospital Newsl. June 3, 1980
  • Gehrmann J.E., Killam K. F., Jr. Activity of phencyclidine and 9 of its congeners on the spontaneous EEG of macaca mularta. Fed. Proc. 1979; 38: 433
  • Gershon S., Olaria J.B. —329—a new psychotomimetic. Its antagonism by tetrahydroaminacrin and its comparison with LSD, mescaline and Sernyl. J. Neuropsychiatr. 1960; 1: 283
  • Goldberg S.R., Hoffmeister F., Schlicting U.U. Morphine antagonists: modification of behavioral effects by morphine dependence. Drug Addiction I. Experimental Pharmacology, J.M. Singh, L. Miller, H. Lal. Futura Publishing, Mt. Kisco, N.Y. 1972; 31
  • Golden N.L., Sokol R.J., Rubin I.L. Angel dust: possible effects on the fetus. Pediatrics 1980; 65: 18
  • Goode D.J., Meltzer H.Y. The role of isometric muscle tension in the production of muscle toxicity by phencyclidine and restraint stress. Psychopharmacologia 1975; 42: 105
  • Graeven D.B. Patterns of phencyclidine use. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 176
  • Greifenstein F.E., Devault M., Yoshitake J., Gajewski J.E. A study of I-arylcyclohexylamine for anaesthesia. Anesth. Analg. 1958; 37: 283
  • Grove V.E. Painless self-injury after ingestion of “angel dust''. JAMA 1979; 242: 655
  • Gupta R.C., Lu I., Oei G.L., Lundberg G.D. Analysis of phencyclidine (PCP) in illicit stress samples and urine. Clin. Toxicol. 1975; 8: 611
  • Hawks R.L., Willette R.E. Phencyclidine: analytical methodology, Research Technology Branch. Division of Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Rockville, Md. December, 1977
  • Helisten C., Shulgin A.T. The detection of I-piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile (PCC) contamination in illicit preparations of PCP (1-(I-phenylcyclohexyl)-piperidine) and TCP (I-(1-(2-thienyl) -cyclohexy)-piperidine). J. Chromatogr. 1976; 117: 232
  • Helrich M., Atwood J.M. Modification of Sernyl anesthesia with haloperidol. Anesth. Analg. Curr. Res. 1964; 43: 471
  • Hollister L.E. Phencyclidine. Int. Drug Ther. Newsl. 1979; 14: 17
  • Hoogwerf B., Kern J., Bullock M., Comfy C. Phencyclidine-induced rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. Clin. Toxicol. 1979; 14: 47
  • Itil T., Keskiner A., Kiremitci N., Holden J.M.C. Effect of phencyclidine in chronic schizophrenics. Can. Psychiatr. Assoc. 1967; 12: 209
  • James S.H., Schnoll S.H. Phencyclidine: tissue distribution in the rat. Clin. Toxicol. 1976; 2: 573
  • Jain N.C., Budd R.D., Budd B.S. Growing abuse of phencyclidine: California “angel dust”. N. Engl. J. Med. 1977; 197: 673
  • Jan K.M., Dorsey S., Bornstein A. Hot dog: hyperthermia from phencyclidine, (letter). New Engl. J. Med. 1978; 299: 722
  • Jane I. The separation of a wide range of drugs of abuse by high-pressure liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1975; 111: 227
  • Johnson K.M. Neurochemical pharmacology of phencyclidine. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 44
  • Johnstone M. The use of Sernyl in clinical anaesthesia. Anaesthesist 1960; 9: 114
  • Kalir A., Sadeh S., Karoly H., Shirin E., Balderman D., Edery H., Porath G. I-Phenylcycloalkylamine derivatives. II. J. Med. Chem. 1969; 12: 473
  • Kaul B., Davidow B. Radioimmunoassay screening test for detection of phencyclidine (PCP, “angel dust”) abuse among teenagers. Clin. Toxicol. 1980; 16: 7
  • Kessler G.F., Demers L.M., Berlin C., Brennan R. Phencyclidine and fatal status epilepticus, (letter). New Engl. J. Med. 1974; 291: 979
  • Kotz A., Merkel P. Hydroaromatic alkamines. J. Prakt. Chem. 1926; 113: 49
  • Leonard B.E., Tonge S.R. The effects of some hallucinogenic drugs upon the metabolism of noradrenaline. Life Sci. 1969; 8: 815
  • Lerner S.E., Burns R.S. Phencyclidine use among youth: history epidemiology and acute and chronic intoxication. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 66
  • Liden C.B., Lovejoy F.H., Costello C.E. Phencyclidine (Sernyl) poisoning. Pediatr. Pharmacol. Ther. 1974; 83: 844
  • Liden C.B., Lovejoy F.H., Costello C.E. Phencyclidine: nine cases of poisoning. JAMA 1975; 234: 513
  • Lin D.C.K., Feintiman A.F., Foltz R.L., Forney R.D., Sunshine I. Quantification of phencyclidine in body fluids by gas chromatography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry and identification of two metabolites. Biomed. Mass. Spectrom. 1975; 2: 206
  • Lin D.C.K., Foltz R.L., Done A.K., Aronow R., Arcinue E., Miceli J.N. Mass spectrometric analysis of phencyclidine in body fluids of intoxicated patients. Quantitative Mass Spectrometry in Life Sciences, A.P. DeLeenher, R.R. Roncucci. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1977; 121
  • Luby E.D., Cohen B.D., Rosenbaum G., Gottlieb J.S., Kelley R. Study of a new schizophrenomimetic drug-Sernyl. Arch. Neurol. Psychiatr. 1959; 81: 363
  • Luby E.D., Gottlieb J.S., Cohen B.D., Rosenbaum G., Domino E.F. Model psychoses and schizophrenia. Am. J. Psychiatr. 1962; 119: 61
  • Luisada P.V., Reddick C. An epidemic of drug-induced schizophrenia. Paper presented at the 128th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Anaheim, Calif., May 5 to 9, 1975
  • Luisada P.V., Brown B.I. Clinical management of the phencyclidine psychosis. Clin. Toxicol. 1976; 9: 539
  • Luisada P.V. The PCP psychosis: a hidden epidemic. Paper presented at the 6th World Congress of Psychiatry, Honolulu, August 29, 1977
  • Luisada P.V. The phencyclidine psychosis: phenomenology and treatment. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 241
  • Lundberg G.D., Gupta R.C., Montgomery S.H. Phencyclidine: patterns seen in street drug analysis. Clin. Toxicol. 1976; 9: 503
  • Maayani S., Weinstein H., Ben-Zui N., Cohen S., Sokolovsky M. Psychotomimetics as anticholinergic agents. I. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1974; 23: 1263
  • MacLeod W. D., Jr., Green D.E., Seet E. Automated analysis of phencyclidine in urine by probability based matching gc/ms. Clin. Toxicol. 1976; 9: 561
  • Maddox V.H., Godefroi E.F., Parcell R.F. The synthesis of phencyclidine and other I-arylcyclohexylamines. J. Med. Chem. 1965; 8: 230
  • Marsella A.J., Hicks R.D. Phenomenological aspects of phencyclidine abuse among ethnic groups in Hawaii. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 201
  • Marshman J.A., Ramsay M.P., Sellers E.M. Quantitation of phencyclidine in biological fluids and application to human overdose. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 1976; 35: 129
  • McMahon B., Ambre J., Ellis J. Hypertension during recovery from phencyclidine intoxication. Clin. Toxicol. 1978; 12: 37
  • Mello N.K. Control of drug self-administration: the role of aversive consequences. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 289
  • Meltzer H.Y. Muscle toxicity produced by phencyclidine and restraint stress. Res. Commun. Chem. Path. Pharmacol. 1972; 3: 369
  • Munch J.C. Phencyclidine: pharmacology and toxicology. Bull. Narcot. 1974; 26: 131
  • Murray T.F. The effects of phencyclidine on operant behavior in the rat: biphasic effect and tolerance development. Life Sci. 1978; 22: 195
  • Noguchi T.T., Nakamura G.R. Phencyclidine-related deaths in Los Angeles County, 1976. J. Forensic Sci. 1978; 23: 503
  • Ober R.E., Gwynn G.W., McCarthy D.A., Glazko A.J. Metabolism of 1-(1-phenylcyclohexyl)piperidine (Sernyl). Fed. Proc. 1963; 2: 539
  • Overend W. PCP: death in the “dust”. L.A. Times. September 26, 1977
  • Paster Z., Maayani S., Weinstein H., Sokolovsky M. Cholinolytic action of phencyclidine derivatives. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 1974; 25: 270
  • Pearce D.S. Detection and quantitation of phencyclidine in blood by use of (2H5) phencyclidine and select ion monitoring applied to non-fatal cases of phencyclidine intoxication. Clin. Chem. 1976; 22: 1623
  • Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 1
  • Pinchasi I., Maayani S., Sokolovsky M. On the interactions of drugs with the cholinergic nervous system. III. Tolerance to phencyclidine derivatives: in vivo and in vitro studies. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1977; 26: 1761
  • Pinchasi I., Maayani S., Sokolovsky M. On the interaction of drugs with the cholinergic nervous system. I. Tolerance to phencyclidine derivatives in mice: pharmacological characterization. Psychopharm. (Berlin) 1978; 56: 27
  • Pinchasi I., Maayani S., Egozi Y., Skolovsky M. On the interaction of drugs with the cholinergic nervous system. II. Cross-tolerance between phencyclidine derivatives and cholinergic drugs. Psychopharm. (Berlin) 1978; 56: 37
  • Pitts F.N., Yago L.S., Aniline O., Pitts A.F. Capillary GC-nitrogen detector measurement of phencyclidine (PCP), ketamine and other arylcycloalkylamines in the picogram range. J. Chromatogr. 1980; 193: 157
  • Pitts F. N., Jr., Allen R.E., Aniline O., Yago L.S. Occupational intoxication and long-term persistence of phencyclidine (PCP) in law enforcement personnel. Clin. Toxicol. 1981; 18: 1015
  • Rainey J.M., Crowder M.D. Prevalence of phencyclidine in street drug preparations. N. Engl. J. Med. 1974; 290: 466
  • Rainey J.M., Crowder M.K. Prolonged psychosis attributed to phencyclidine: report of three cases. Am. J. Psychiatr. 1975; 132: 1076
  • Rappolt R.T., Gay G.R., Farris R.D. Emergency management of acute phencyclidine intoxication. JACEP 1979; 8: 68
  • Rappolt R.T., Gay G.R., Soman M. A treatment plan for acute and chronic adrenergic poisoning crisis utilizing the sympatholytic effects of the B1-B2 receptor site blocker propranolol (Inderal). Clin. Toxicol. 1979; 13: 325
  • Rappolt R.T., Gay G.R., Farris R.D. Emergency management of acute phencyclidine (“PCP”) intoxication. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 1979; 21: 92
  • Ray O.I. Drugs, Society, and Human Behavior. C. V. Mosby, St. Louis 1978; 23
  • Reitz H., Hanashiro P. 1979, unpublished results
  • Reynolds P.C. Clinical and forensic experiences with phencyclidine. Clin. Toxicol. 1976; 9: 547
  • Rodin E.A., Luby E.D., Meyer J.S. Electroencephalographic findings associated with Sernyl infusion. EEG Clin. Neurosphysiol. 1958; 11: 696
  • Rosenbaum G., Cohen B.D., Luby E., Gottlieb J., Yelen D. Comparison of Sernyl with other drugs. Arch. Gen. Psychiatr. 1959; 1: 651
  • Ruwe D.J. Preparation of phencyclidine for the illicit market. Vet. Hum. Toxicol. 1979; 21: 100
  • Sansoulet J., Tackx C., Welvart W. Hydrogenolysis of alpha-amino nitriles by secondary and tertiary Grignard reagents. Comput. R. 1960; 250: 4370
  • Schaffer C.B. Treating phencyclidine intoxication, (letter). Am. J. Psychiatr. 1978; 135: 388
  • Schulze B.W. Drug Bulletin. LAC/USC General Hospital. July, 1980; Vol. 4, 3
  • Schuckit M.A., Morrissey E.R. Propoxyphene and phencyclidine (PCP) use in adolescents. J. Clin. Psychiatr. 1978; 39: 7
  • Shick J.F.E. Epidemiology of multiple drug use with special reference to phencylidine. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 148
  • Showalter C.V., Thornton W.E. Clinical pharmacology of phencyclidine toxicity. Am. J. Psychiatr. 1977; 134: 1234
  • Shulgin A.T., MacLean D. Illicit synthesis of phencyclidine (PCP) and several of its analogues. Clin. Toxicol. 1976; 9: 553
  • Siegel R.K. Phencyclidine and ketamine intoxication: a study of four populations of recreational users. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 119
  • Slavney P.R., Rich G.B., Pearlson G.D., McHugh P.R. Phencyclidine abuse and symptomatic mania. Biol. Psychiatr. 1977; 12: 697
  • Smith D.E., Wesson D.R., Buxton M.E., Seymour R., Kramer H.M. The diagnosis and treatment of the PCP abuse syndrome. Phencyclidine (PCP) Abuse: An Appraisal, R.C. Petersen, R.C. Stillman. NIDA Research Monograph. 1978; 21: 229
  • Smith R.C., Meltzer H.Y., Arora R.C., David J.D. Effects of phencyclidine of [3H] catecholamine and [3H] serotonin uptake in synaptosomal preparations from rat brain. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1977; 26: 1435
  • Smith R.J. Congress considers bill to control angel dust. Science 1978; 200: 1463
  • Soine W.H., Vincek W.C., Agee D.T. Phencyclidine contaminant generates cyanide. New Engl. J. Med. 1979; 301: 438
  • STASH. Student Association for the Study of Hallucinogens, Inc. PCP (Phencyclidine): The New Delusinogen. STASH Press, Madison, Wis. 1975
  • Stein J.I. Phencyclidine induced psychosis. The need to avoid unnecessary sensory influx. Mil. Med. 1973; 138: 590
  • Stewart M.H. Psychosocial aspects of drug abuse in black women. Urban Health. November, 1980; 38
  • Stickgold A. The metamorphosis of PCP. Grassroots. October, 1977, Supplement: 1–3
  • Stockard J.J., Werner S.S., Aalbers J.A., Chiappa K.H. Electroencephalographic findings in phencyclidine intoxication. Arch. Neurol. 1976; 33: 200
  • Stone C.J. Toxicology of Phencyclidine. Ph.D. thesis, Indiana University. 1976
  • Stratton M.A., Witherspoon J.M., Kirtley T. Hypertensive crisis and phencyclidine abuse. Vet. Admin. Med. 1978; 105: 569
  • Summers W.K., Allen R.E., Aniline O., Pitts F. N., Jr. THA in PCP intoxication. 1981, unpublished data
  • Taube H.D., Montel H., Haw G., Starke K. PCP and ketamine: comparison with the effects of cocaine on noradrenergic neurones of rat cortex. Nauyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch. Pharmacol. 1975; 291: 47
  • Tone T.G., Benowitz N.L., Becker C.E., Fornia P.J., Boerner U. Phencyclidine poisoning. JAMA 1975; 234: 512
  • Tonge S.R., Leonard B.E. The effects of some hallucinogenic drugs upon the metabolism of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain. Life Sci. 1969; 8: 805
  • Tonge S.R., Leonard B.E. The effects of some hallucinogenic drugs on the amino precursors of brain monoamines. Life Sci. 1970; 9: 1327
  • Trinler W.A., Reuland D.J., Hiatt T.B. Screening of street drugs by high pressure liquid chromatography. II. The screening of some common amphetamines, ephedrine, and phencyclidine by reverse phase HPLC. J. Forensic Sci. Soc. 1976; 16: 133
  • Vaupel D.B., Jasinski D.R. Acute single dose effects of phencyclidine (PCP) in the dog. Fed. Proc. 1979; 38: 435
  • Vercruysse J., Jr., Mortelmans J. The chemical restraint of apes and monkeys by means of phencyclidine or ketamine. Acta Zool. Pathol. Antverp. 1978; 70: 211
  • Vincent J.P., Kartalouski B., Geneste P., Kamenk J.M., Luzdunski M. Interaction of phencyclidine (“angel dust”) with a specific receptor in rat brain membranes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1979; 76: 4678
  • Weinstein H., Maayani S., Srebrinik S., Cohen S., Sokolovsky M. Psychomimetic drugs as anticholinergic agents. II. Mol. Pharmacol. 1973; 9: 820
  • Wilson A.E., Domino E.F. Plasma phencyclidine pharmacokinetics in dog and monkey using a gas chromatography selected ion monitoring assay. Biomed. Mass. Spectrom. 1978; 5: 112
  • Wong L.K., Bieman K. Metabolites of phencyclidine in humans. Biomed. Mass. Spectrom. 1975; 2: 204
  • Wong L.K., Bieman K. Metabolites of phencyclidine. Clin. Toxicol. 1976; 9: 583
  • Yago K.B., Pitts F. N., Jr., Burgoyne R.W., Aniline O., Yago L.S. The urban epidemic of PCP use: clinical and laboratory evidence from a public psychiatric hospital emergency service. J. Clin. Psychiatr. 1981; 42: 193
  • Yago K.B., Pitts F. N., Jr., Yago L.S., Aniline O. Phencyclidine (PCP) in major burn cases. Clin. Toxicol., submitted
  • Yago L.S., Summers W.K., Kaufman K., Aniline O., Pitts F. N., Jr. Tetrahydroaminoacridine (THA) analysis by HPLC. J. Liq. Chromatogr. 1980; 3: 1047
  • Yesavage J.A., Freman A.M. Acute phencyclidine (PCP) intoxication: psychopathology and prognosis. J. Clin. Psychiatr. 1978; 39: 664
  • Zukin S.R., Zukin R.S. Specific [3H] phencyclidine binding in rat central nervous system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 1979; 76: 5372

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.