137
Views
11
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Characterization of the Rat Gad67 Gene Promoter Reveals Elements Important for Basal Transcription and Glucose Responsiveness

, , , &
Pages 485-499 | Received 30 Jun 2000, Published online: 11 Jul 2009

References

  • Abraham W.C., Dragunow M., Tate W.P. The role of immediate early genes in the stabilization of long-term potentiation. Mol. Neurobiol. 1991; 5: 297–314
  • Baekkeskov S., Aanstoot H.J., Christgau S., Reetz A., Soli-Mena M., Cascalho M., Folli F., Richter-Olesen H., De Camilli P. Identification of the 64K autoanti-gen in insulin-dependent diabetes as the GABA-synthe-sizing enzyme glutamic acid decarboxylase. Nature 1990; 347: 151–156
  • Bjork E., Kampe O., Karlsson F.A., Pipeleers D.G., Andersson A., Hellerstrom C, Eizirik D.L. Glucose regulation of the autoantigen GAD65 in human pancreatic islets. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Meiab. 1992; 75: 1574–1576
  • Bjork E., Berne C., Kampe O., Wibell L., Oskarsson P., Karlsson F.A. Diazoxide treatment at onset preserves residual insulin secretion in adults with autoimmune diabetes. Diabetes 1996; 45: 1427–1430
  • Bray S.J., Johnson W.A., Hirsh J., Heberlein U., Tjian R. A cis-acting element and associated binding factor required for CNS expression of the Drosophila mela-nogaster dopa decarboxylase gene. Embo J. 1988; 7: 177–188
  • Brunstedt J. Rapid isolation of functionally intact pancreatic islets from mice and rats by percoIlTM gradient centrifucation. Diabete Et Metabolisme 1980; 6: 87–89
  • Chotteaulelievre A., Desbiens X., Pelczar H., Defossez P.A., Delaunoit Y. Differential expression patterns of the pea3 group transcription factors through murine embryonic-development. Oncogene 1997; 15: 937–952
  • Chen X, Azizkhan J.C., Lee D.C. The binding of transcription factor Spl to multiple sites is required for maximal expression from the rat transforming growth factor alpha promoter. Oncogene 1992; 7: 1805–1815
  • Dignam J.D., Lebovitz R.M., Roeder R.G. Accurate transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in a soluble extract from isolated mammalian nuclei. Nucleic Acids Res. 1983; 11: 1475–1489
  • Drevet J.R., Lareyre J.J., Schwaab V., Vernet P., Dufaure J.P. The pea3 protein of the ets oncogene family is a putative transcriptional modulator of the mouse epidi-dymis-specific glutathione-peroxidase gene gpx5. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 1998; 49: 131–140
  • Dynan W.S., Tjian R. The promoter-specific transcription factor Spl binds to upstream sequences in the SV40 early promoter. Cell 1983; 35: 79–87
  • Erlander M.G., Tillakaratne N.J., Feldblum S., Patel N., Tobin A.J. Two genes encode distinct glutamate decarboxylases. Neuron 1991; 7: 91–100
  • Erlander M.G., Tobin A.J. A transcriptional regulatory element of the gene encoding the 67, 000-M(r) form of human glutamate decarboxylase is similar to a Drosophila regulatory element. J. Neurochem. 1992; 58: 2182–2190
  • Faisst S., Meyer S. Compilation of vertebrate-encoded transcription factors. Nucleic Acids Res. 1992; 20: 3–26
  • Ghosh D. Status of the transcription factors database (tfd). Nucleic Acids Res. 1993; 21: 3117–3118
  • Graham F.L., van der Eb A.J. A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA. Virology 1973; 52: 456–467
  • Hao W., Li L., Mehta V., Lernmark A., Palmer J.P. Functional state of the beta cell affects expression of both forms of glutamic acid decarboxylase. Pancreas 1994; 9: 558–562
  • Karlsen A.E., Hagopian W.A., Petersen J.S., Boel E., Dyrberg T., Grubin C.E., Michelsen B.K., Madsen O.D., Lernmark A. Recombinant glutamic acid decarboxylase (representing the single isoform expressed in human islets) detects IDDM-associated 64,000-M(r) autoantibodies. Diabetes 1992; 41: 1355–1359
  • Lemaire P., Vesque C, Schmitt J., Stunnenberg H., Frank R., Charnay P. The serum-inducible mouse gene Krox-24 encodes a sequence-specific transcriptional activator. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1990; 10: 3456–3467
  • Madsen O.D., Larsson L.I., Rehfeld J.F., Schwartz T.W., Lernmark A., Labrecque A.D., Steiner D.F. Cloned cell lines from a transplantable islet cell tumor are heterogeneous and express cholecystokinin in addition to islet hormones. J. Cell Biol. 1986; 103: 2025–2034
  • Martin M.E., Piette J., Yaniv M., Tang W.J., Folk W.R. Activation of the polyomavirus enhancer by a murine activator protein 1 (API) homolog and two contiguous proteins. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1988; 85: 5839–5843
  • Michelsen B.K., Petersen J.S., Boel E., Moldrup A., Dyrberg T., Madsen O.D. Cloning, characterization, and autoimmune recognition of rat islet glutamic acid decarboxylase in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1991; 88: 8754–8758
  • Naya F.J., Huang H.P., Qiu Y.H., Mutoh H., Demayo F.J., Leiter A.B., Tsai M.J. Diabetes, defective pancreatic morphogenesis, and abnormal enteroendocrine differentiation in beta2/neurod-deficient mice. Genes Dev. 1997; 11: 2323–2334
  • Nerlov C, Rrth P., Blasi F., Johnsen M. Essential AP-1 and PEA3 binding elements in the human urokinase enhancer display cell type-specific activity. Oncogene 1991; 6: 1583–1592
  • Ohagan R.C., Tozer R.G., Symons M., McCormick F., Hassell J.A. The activity of the ets transcription factor pea3 is regulated by 2 distinct mapk cascades. Oncogene 1996; 13: 1323–1333
  • Ohlsson H., Karlsson K., Edlund T. IPF1, a home-odomain-containing transactivator of the insulin gene. Embo J. 1993; 12: 4251–4259
  • Petersen H.V., Serup P., Leonard J., Michelsen B.K., Madsen O.D. Transcriptional regulation of the human insulin gene is dependent on the homeodomain protein STF1/IPF1 acting through the CT boxes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994; 91: 10465–10469
  • Petersen J.S., Russel S., Marshall M.O., Kofod H., Buschard K., Cambon N., Karlsen A.E., Boel E., Hagopian W.A., Hejnaes K.R., Lernmark A., Madsen O.D., Michelsen B.K. Differential expression of glutamic acid decarboxylase in rat and human islets. Diabetes 1993; 42: 484–495
  • Petersen J.S., Karlsen A.E., Markholst H., Worsaae A., Dyrberg T., Michelsen B. Neonatal tolerization with glutamic acid decarboxylase but not with bovine serum albumin delays the onset of diabetes in NOD mice. Diabetes 1994; 43: 1478–1484
  • Petersohn D., Schoch S., Brinkmann D.R., Thiel G. The human synapsin-ii gene promoter - possible role for the transcription factors zif268/egr-l, polyoma enhancer activator-3, and ap2. J. Biol. Chem. 1995; 270: 24361–24369
  • Reynolds G.A., Goldstein J.L., Brown M.S. Multiple mRNAs for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase determined by multiple transcription initiation sites and intron splicing sites in the 5′-untranslated region. J. Biol. Chem. 1985; 260: 10369–10377
  • Roberts V.J., Vandijk M.A., Murre C. Localization of pbxl transcripts in developing rat embryos. Mech. Dev. 1995; 51: 193–198
  • Somogyi R., Wen X., Ma W., Barker J.L. Developmental kinetics of GAD family mRNAs parallel neurogenesis in the rat spinal cord. J. Neurosci. 1995; 15: 2575–2591
  • Spink D.C, Porter T.G., Wu S.J., Martin D.L. Kinetically different, multiple forms of glutamate decarboxylase in rat brain. Brain Res. 1987; 421: 235–244
  • Szabo G., Katarova Z., Kortvely E., Greenspan R.J., Urban Z. Structure and the promoter region of the mouse gene encoding the 67-kd form of glutamic-acid decarboxylase. DNA and Cell Biol. 1996; 15: 1081–1091
  • Van Dijk M.A., Voorhoeve P.M., Murre C. Pbxl is converted into a transcriptional activator upon acquiring the N-terminal region of E2A in pre-B-cell acute lym-phoblastoid leukemia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1993; 90: 6061–6065
  • Wasylyk C, Flores P., Gutman A., Wasylyk B. PEA3 is a nuclear target for transcription activation by non-nuclear oncogenes. Embo J. 1989; 8: 3371–3378
  • Xin J.H., Cowie A., Lachance P., Hassell J.A. Molecular cloning and characterization of PEA3, a new member of the Ets oncogene family that is differentially expressed in mouse embryonic cells. Genes Dev. 1992; 6: 481–496
  • Yoon J.-W., Yoon C.-S., Lim H.-W., Huang Q.Q., Kang Y., Pyun K.H., Hirasawa K., Sherwin R.S., Jun H.S. Control of Autoimmune Diabetes in NOD Mice by GAD Expression or Suppression in β-Cells. Science 1999; 284: 1183–1187

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.