10
Views
19
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Sequence analysis of the 5′ flanking region of the human estrogen receptor gene

, &
Pages 347-358 | Received 17 Oct 1991, Published online: 11 Jul 2009

References

  • Baarends W. M., Themmen A. P.N., Blok L. J., Mackenbach P., Brinkmann A. O., Meijer D., Faber P. W., Trapman J., Crootegoed J. A. The rat androgen receptor gene promoter. Mol. Cell. Endocrin. 1990; 74: 75–84
  • Baker B. S., Tata J. R. Accumulation of proto-onco-gene c-erb A related transcripts during Xenopus development: association with early acquisition of response to thyroid hormone and estrogen. EMBOJ 1990; 9: 879–885
  • Beato M. Gene regulation by steroid hormones. Cell 1989; 56: 335–344
  • Brand N. J., Petkovich M., Chambon P. Characterization of a functional promoter for the human retinoic acid receptor-alpha (RARa). Nucleic Acids Res. 1990; 18: 6799–6806
  • Chavrier P., Vesque C, Galliot B., Vigneron M., Dolle P., Duboule D., Charney P. The segment-specific gene Krox-20 encodes a transcription factor with binding sites in the promoter region of the Hox-1.4 gene. EMBO J. 1990; 9: 1209–1218
  • Evans R. M. The steroid and thyroid hormone receptor superfamily. Science 1988; 240: 889–895
  • Forrest D., Sjoberg M., Vennstrom B. Contrasting developmental and tissue specific expression of α β thyroid hormone receptor genes. EMBO J. 1990; 9: 1519–1528
  • Greaves D. R., Patient R. K. (AT)n is an interspersed repeat in the Xenopus genome. EMBOJ 1985a; 4: 2617–2626
  • Greaves D. R., Patient R. K. Facile cruciform formation by an (A-T)34 sequence from a Xenopus globin gene. J. Mol. Biol. 1985b; 185: 461–478
  • Green S., Walter P., Kumar V., Krust A., Bornert J-M., Argos P., Chambon P. Human oestrogen receptor cDNA: sequence, expression and homology to v-erb-A. Nature 1986a; 320: 134–139
  • Green S., Chambon P. Nuclear receptors enhance our understanding of transcription regulation. Trends Genet. 1988; 4: 309–314
  • Greene G. L., Gilna P., Waterfield M., Baker A., Hort Y., Shine I. Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA. Science 1986b; 231: 1150–1154
  • Hodin R. A., Lazar M. A., Wintman B. J., Darling D. S., Koeing R. J., Larsen P. R., Moore D. D., Chin W. W. Identification of a thyroid hormone receptor that is pituitary specific. Science 1989; 244: 76–79
  • Hollenberg S. M., Weinberger C, Ong E. S., Cerelli G., Oro A., Lebo R., Thompson E. B., Rosenfeld M. G., Evans R. M. Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA. Nature 1985; 318: 635–641
  • Huckaby C. S., Conneely O. M., Beattie W. G., Dobson A. D.W., Tsai M-T., Omalley B. W. Structure of the chromosomal progesterone receptor gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1987; 84: 8380–8384
  • Jeltsch J-M., Turcotte B., Garnier J-M., Lerouge T., Krozow-Ski A., Gronemeyer H., Chambon P. Characterization of multiple mRNAs originating from the chicken progesterone receptor gene. J. Biol. Chem. 1990; 265: 3967–3974
  • Kastner P., Krust A., Mendelsohn C, Gamier J-M., Zelent A., Leroy P., Staub A., Chambon P. Murine iso-forms of the retinoic acid receptor /with specific patterns of expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1990a; 87: 2700–2704
  • Kastner P., Krust A., Turcotte B., Stropp U., Tora L., Gronmeyer H., Chambon P. Two distinct estrogen-regulated promoters generate transcripts encoding the two functionally different human progesterone receptor forms A and B. EMBO 1990b; 9: 1603–1614
  • Keaveney M., Klug J., Dawson M. T., Nestor P. V., Neilan I., Forde R. C., Gannon F. Evidence for a previously unidentified upstream exon in the human estrogen receptor gene. I. Mol. Endocrin. 1991; 6: 111–115
  • Koeing R., Warne R. L., Brent G. A., Harvey J. W., Larsen P. R., Moore D. D. Isolation of a cDNA clone encoding a biologically active thyroid hormone receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1988; 85: 5031–5035
  • Kozak M. An analysis of 5′ noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987; 15: 8125–8132
  • Levine M., Manley J. L. Transcriptional repression of eukaryotic promoters. Cell 1989; 59: 405–408
  • Leroy P., Krust A., Zelent A., Mendelsohn C, Gamier J. M., Kastner P., Dierich A., Chambon P. Multiple iso-forms of the mouse retinoic acid receptor a are generated by alternative splicing and differential induction by retinoic acid. EMBO J. 1991; 10: 59–69
  • Martinez E., Wahli W. Cooperative binding of estrogen receptor to imperfect estrogen responsive DNA elements correlates with their synergistic hormone dependent enhancer activity. EMBO J. 1989; 8: 3781–3791
  • McClellan J. A., Palecek E., Lilley D. M.J. (A-T)., tracts embedded in random sequence DNA-formation of a structure which is chemically reactive and torsionally deform-able. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986; 14: 9291–9307
  • Misrahi M., Loosfelt H., Atger G., Meriel C, Zerah V., Dessen P., Milgrom E. Organization of the entire rabbit progesterone receptor mRNA and of the promoter and 5′ flanking region of the gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988; 16: 5459–5473
  • Mitchell P. J., Tjian R. Transcriptional regulation in mammalian cells by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. Science 1989; 245: 371–378
  • Mueller P. P., Hinnebusch A. G. Multiple upstream AUG codons mediate translational control of GCN4. Cell 1986; 45: 201–207
  • Muller A. J., Witte O. N. The 5′ noncoding region of the human leukemia associated oncogene BCR/ABL is a potent inhibitor of in-vitro translation. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1990; 9: 5234–5238
  • O'Malley B. The steroid receptor superfamilly: More excitement predicted for the future. Mol. Endocrin. 1990; 4: 363–369
  • Pakdel F., LeGuellec C., Vaillant C., LeRoux M. G., Valotaire Y. Identification and estrogen induction of two estrogen receptors (ER) messenger ribonucleic acids in the rainbow trout liver: sequence homology with other ERs. Mol. Endocrin. 1989; 3: 44–51
  • Piva R., Kumar L. V., Hanau S., Maestri I., Rimondi A. P., Pansini S. F., Mollica G., Chambon P., del Senno L. The methylation pattern in the 5′ end of the human estrogen receptor gene is tissue specific and related to the degree of gene expression. Biochemistry International 1989; 19: 267–275
  • Pugh B. F., Tjian R. Mechanism of transcriptional activation by Sp1: Evidence for coactivators. Cell 1989; 61: 1187–1197
  • Renkawitz R. Transcriptional repression in eukaryotes. Trends Genet. 1990; 6: 192–196
  • Showers M. O., Darling D. S., Kieffre G. D., Chin D. D. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA encoding chicken p thyroid hormone receptor. DNA and Cell Biology 1991; 10: 211–221
  • Smale S. T., Baltimore D. The “initiator” as a transcriptional control element. Cell 1989; 57: 103–113
  • Smale S. T., Schmidt M. C., Berk A. J., Baltimore D. Transcriptional activation by Sp1 as directed through TATA or initiator: Specific requirement for mammalian transcription factor IID. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1990; 87: 4509–451 3
  • Suggs J. W., Wagner R. W. Nuclease recognition of an alternating structure in a d(AT)H plasmid insert. Nucleic Acids Res. 1986; 14: 3703–3715
  • Taute T., Rentz M. Simple DNA sequences of Drosophila virilis; Isolated by screening with RNA. J. Mol. Biol. 1984; 172: 229–235
  • Thomson A. A., Ham J., Bakker O., Parker M. G. The progesterone receptor can regulate transcription in the absence of a functional TATA element. J. Biol. Chem. 1990; 265: 16709–16712
  • Tora L., Gaub M-P., Mader S., Dierich A., Bellard M., Chambon P. Cell-specific activity of a GGTCA half-pal indromic oestrogen-responsive element in the chicken ovalbumin gene promoter. EMBO J. 1988; 7: 3771–3778
  • Turcotte B., Meyer M-E., Bellard M., Dretzen G., Gronemeyer H., Chambon P. Control of transcription of the chicken progesterone receptor gene. J. Biol. Chem. 1991; 266: 2582–2589
  • Watson M. A., Milbrandt J. The NGFI-B gene, a transcriptionally inducible member of the steroid receptor gene superfamily: genomic structure and expression in rat brain after seizure induction. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1989; 9: 4213–4219
  • Weiler I. J., Lew D., Shapiro D. J. The Xenopus laevis estrogen receptor: sequence homology with human and avian receptors and identification of multiple estrogen receptor messenger ribonucleic acids. Mol. Endocrin. 1987; 1: 355–362
  • White R., Lees J. A., Needham M., Parker M. G. Structural organization and expression of the mouse estrogen receptor gene. Mol. Endocrin. 1987; 1: 735–744
  • Yaoita Y., Shi Y-B., Brown D. D. Xenopus laevis α β thyroid hormone receptors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1990; 87: 7090–7094
  • Zelent A., Mendelsohn C, Kastner P., Krust A., Garnier J. M., Ruffenach F., Leroy P., Chambon P. Differentially expressed isoforms of the mouse retinoic acid receptor β are generated by usage of two promoters and alternative splicing. EMBO J. 1990; 10: 71–81
  • Zong J., Ashraf J., Thompson E. B. The promoter and first, untranslated exon of the human glucocorticoid receptor gene are GC rich but lack consensus glucocorticoid receptor element sites. Mol. Cell. Biol. 1990; 10: 5580–5585

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.