Control of relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia by clofarabine in preparation for allogeneic stem cell transplant

References

• American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts and Figures2013. May 2, 2013.
   Google Scholar
• Craig CM, Schiller GJ. Acute myeloid leukemia in the elderly: conventional and novel treatment approaches. Blood Rev 2008;22: 221–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szer J. The prevalent predicament of relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2012;2012: 43–48.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang M, Storer B, Estey E, et al. Outcome of patients with acute myeloid leukemia with monosomal karyotype who undergo hematopoietic cell transplantation. Blood 2011;118:1490–1494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ding L, Ley TJ, Larson DE, et al. Clonal evolution in relapsed acute myeloid leukaemia revealed by whole-genome sequencing. Nature 2012;481:506–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bishop JF, Matthews JP, Young G, et al. The influence of induction chemotherapy dose and dose intensity on the duration of remission in acute myeloid leukemia. Australian Leukemia Study Group. Leuk Lymphoma 1994;15:79–84.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matthews JP, Bishop JF, Young GA, et al. Patterns of failure with increasing intensification of induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2001;113:727–736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rowe JM, Kim HT, Cassileth PA, et al. Adult patients with acute myeloid leukemia who achieve complete remission after 1 or 2 cycles of induction have a similar prognosis: a report on 1980 patients registered to 6 studies conducted by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. Cancer 2010;116:5012–5021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmid C, Labopin M, Nagler A, et al. Treatment, risk factors, and outcome of adults with relapsed AML after reduced intensity conditioning for allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Blood 2012;119:1599–1606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faderl S, Gandhi V, Kantarjian HM. Potential role of novel nucleoside analogs in the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Curr Opin Hematol 2008;15:101–107.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faderl S, Gandhi V, Keating MJ, et al. The role of clofarabine in hematologic and solid malignancies – development of a next-generation nucleoside analog. Cancer 2005;103:1985–1995.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantarjian HM, Jeha S, Gandhi V, et al. Clofarabine: past, present, and future. Leuk Lymphoma 2007;48:1922–1930.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kline JP, Larson RA. Clofarabine in the treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a review. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005;6:2711–2718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grigoleit GU, Kapp M, Tan SM, et al. Clofarabine-based salvage chemotherapy for relapsed or refractory acute leukemia before allogeneic stem cell transplantation: results from a case series. Leuk Lymphoma 2009;50:2071–2074.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arner ES, Eriksson S. Mammalian deoxyribonucleoside kinases. Pharmacol Ther 1995;67:155–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eriksson S, Arner E, Spasokoukotskaja T, et al. Properties and levels of deoxynucleoside kinases in normal and tumor cells; implications for chemotherapy. Adv Enzyme Regul 1994;34:13–25.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Carson DA, Wasson DB, Esparza LM, et al. Oral antilymphocyte activity and induction of apoptosis by 2-chloro-2’-arabino-fluoro-2’-deoxyadenosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992;89:2970–2974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genini D, Adachi S, Chao Q, et al. Deoxyadenosine analogs induce programmed cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by damaging the DNA and by directly affecting the mitochondria. Blood 2000;96:3537–3543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kantarjian H, Gandhi V, Cortes J, et al. Phase 2 clinical and pharmacologic study of clofarabine in patients with refractory or relapsed acute leukemia. Blood 2003;102:2379–2386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gandhi V, Kantarjian H, Faderl S, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of plasma clofarabine and cellular clofarabine triphosphate in patients with acute leukemias. Clin Cancer Res 2003;9:6335–6342.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jeha S, Gandhi V, Chan KW, et al. Clofarabine, a novel nucleoside analog, is active in pediatric patients with advanced leukemia. Blood 2004;103:784–789.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheson BD, Cassileth PA, Head DR, et al. Report of the National Cancer Institute-sponsored workshop on definitions of diagnosis and response in acute myeloid leukemia. J Clin Oncol 1990;8:813–819.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheson BD, Bennett JM, Kopecky KJ, et al. Revised recommendations of the International Working Group for Diagnosis, Standardization of Response Criteria, Treatment Outcomes, and Reporting Standards for Therapeutic Trials in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:4642–4649.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estey EH. Acute myeloid leukemia: 2013 update on risk-stratification and management. Am J Hematol 2013;88:318–327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burnett AK, Russell NH, Kell J, et al. European development of clofarabine as treatment for older patients with acute myeloid leukemia considered unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:2389–2395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Claxton D, Erba HP, Faderl S, et al. Outpatient consolidation treatment with clofarabine in a phase 2 study of older adult patients with previously untreated acute myelogenous leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 2012;53:435–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barba P, Sampol A, Calbacho M, et al. Clofarabine-based chemotherapy for relapsed/refractory adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma. The Spanish experience. Am J Hematol 2012;87:631–634.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke F, Agarwal R, Kunnavakkam R, et al. A novel clofarabine bridge strategy facilitates allogeneic transplantation in patients with relapsed/refractory leukemia and high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Bone Marrow Transplant 2013;48:1437–1443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke FL, Artz A, Rich E, et al. Feasibility of clofarabine cytoreduction before allogeneic transplant conditioning for refractory AML. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010;45:1692–1698.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolb HJ. Graft-versus-leukemia effects of transplantation and donor lymphocytes. Blood 2008;112:4371–4383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mathisen MS, Kantarjian H, Jabbour E, et al. Clofarabine does not negatively impact the outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk 2013;13:139–43. doi: 10.1016/j.clml.2012.11.004. Epub 2012 Dec 29.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderlini P, Luna M, Kantarjian HM, et al. Causes of initial remission induction failure in patients with acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia 1996;10:600–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Estey EH, Keating MJ, McCredie KB, et al. Causes of initial remission induction failure in acute myelogenous leukemia. Blood 1982;60:309–315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knoebel RW, McQuary A, Becker P, et al. Infections in relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia patients given clofarabine+ cytarabine. Leuk Res 2011;35:e164–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar