Sealed Bacterial Ghosts—Novel Targeting Vehicles for Advanced Drug Delivery of Water-soluble Substances

References

• Ahsan, F., Rivas, I.P., Khan, M.A. and Torres Suarez, A.I. (2002) “Targeting to macrophages: role of physicochemical properties of particulate carriers-liposomes and microspheres-on the phago-cytosis by macrophages”, J. Control. Release 79, 29–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banerjee, R. (2001) “Liposomes: applications in medicine”, J. Biomater. Appl. 16, 3–21.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Beachey, E.H. (1981) “Bacterial adherence: adhesin-receptor interactions mediating the attachment of bacteria to mucosal surfaces”, J. Infect. Dis. 143, 325–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blasi, U., Henrich, B. and Lubitz, W. (1985) “Lysis of Escherichia coli by cloned phi X174 gene E depends on its expression”, J. Gen. Microbiol. 131, 1107–1114.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Burgess, S.W., McIntosh, T.J. and Lentz, B.R. (1992) “Modulation of poly(ethylene glycol)-induced fusion by membrane hydration: importance of interbilayer separation”, Biochemistry 31, 2653-2661. Chakraborty, P., Bhaduri, A.N. and Das, P.K. (1990) “Sugar receptor mediated drug delivery to macrophages in the therapy of experimental visceral leishmaniasis”, Biochem. Biophys. <i>Res. Commun. 166, 404–410.
   Google Scholar
• Connor, J., Yatvin, M.B. and Huang, L. (1984) “pH-sensitive liposomes: acid-induced liposome fusion”, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 81, 1715–1718.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Leij, L. and Witholt, B. (1977) “Structural heterogeneity of the cytoplasmic and outer membranes of Escherichia coli”, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 471, 92–104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Desai, M.P., Labhsetwar, V., Walter, E., Levy, R.J. and Amidon, G.L. (1997) “The mechanism of uptake of biodegradable micro-particles in Caco-2 cells is size dependent”, Pharmacol. Res. 14, 1568–1573.
   Google Scholar
• Devor, K.A., Teather, R.M., Brenner, M., Schwarz, H., Wurz, H. and Overath, P. (1976) “Membrane hybridization by centrifugation analysed by lipid phase transitions and reconstitution of NADH-oxidase-activity”, Eur. J. Biochem. 63, 459–467.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Driessen, A.J., Hoekstra, D., Scherphof, G., Kalicharan, R.D. and Wilschut, J. (1985) “Low pH-induced fusion of liposomes with membrane vesicles derived from Bacillus subtilis”, J. Biol. Chem. 260, 10880–10887.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duzgunes, N., Wilschut, J., Fraley, R. and Papahadjopoulos, D. (1981) “Studies on the mechanism of membrane fusion. Role of head-group composition in calcium-and magnesium-induced fusion of mixed phospholipid vesicles”, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 642, 182–195.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellens, H., Bentz, J. and Szoka, F.C. (1985) “H+ -and Ca2+ -induced fusion and destabilization of liposomes”, Biochemistry 24, 3099–3106.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fasano, A. (1998) “Modulation of intestinal permeability: an innovative method of oral drug delivery for the treatment of inherited and acquired human diseases”, Mol. Genet. Metab. 64, 12–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furst-Ladani, S., Redl, H., Haslberger, A., Lubitz, W., Messner, P., Sleytr, U.B. and Schlag, G. (1999) “Bacterial cell envelopes (ghosts) but not S-layers activate human endothelial cells (HUVECs) through sCD14 and LBP mechanism”, Vaccine 18, 440–448.
   Google Scholar
• Groger, M., Holnthoner, W., Maurer, D., Lechleitner, S., Wolff, K., Mayr, B.B., Lubitz, W. and Petzelbauer, P. (2000) “Dermal microvascular endothelial cells express the 180-kDa macrophage mannose receptor in situ and in vitro”, J. Immunol. 165, 5428–5434.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haidinger, W., Szostak, M., Beisker, W. and Lubitz, W. (2001) “Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-dependent separation of bacterial ghosts from intact cells by FACS”, Cytometry 44, 106–112.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Haslberger, A., Kohl, G., Felnerova, D., Mayer, U.B., Fu¨rst-Ladani, S. and Lubitz, W. (2001) “Activation, stimulation and uptake of bacterial ghosts in antigen presenting cells”, J. Biotechnol. 83, 57.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hatefi, A. and Amsden, B. (2002) “Biodegradable injectable in situ forming drug delivery systems”, J. Control. Release 80, 9–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Higashi, N., Morikawa, A., Fujioka, K., Fujita, Y., Sano, Y., Miyata-Takeuchi, M., Suzuki, N. and Irimura, T. (2002) “Human macrophage lectin specific for galactose/N-acetylgalactosamine is a marker for cells at an intermediate stage in their differentiation from monocytes into macrophages”, Int. Immunol. 14, 545–554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huter, V., Szostak, M.P., Gampfer, J., Prethaler, S., Wanner, G., Gabor, F. and Lubitz, W. (1999) “Bacterial ghosts as drug carrier and targeting vehicles”, J. Control. Release 61, 51–63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jones, N.C. and Osborn, M.J. (1977) “Interaction of Salmonella typhimurium with phospholipid vesicles. Incorporation of exogenous lipids into intact cells”, J. Biol. Chem. 252, 7398–7404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kadurugamuwa, J.L. and Beveridge, T.J. (1996) “Bacteriolytic effect of membrane vesicles from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on other bacteria including pathogens: conceptually new antibiotics”, J. Bacteriol. 178, 2767–2774.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaisho, T. and Akira, S. (2002) “Toll-like receptors as adjuvant receptors”, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1589, 1–13.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall, D.A. and MacDonald, R.C. (1982) “A fluorescence assay to monitor vesicle fusion and lysis”, J. Biol. Chem. 257, 13892–13895.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kopecek, J., Kopeckova, P., Minko, T., Lu, Z.R. and Peterson, C.M. (2001) “Water soluble polymers in tumor targeted delivery”, J. Control. Release 74, 147–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, N., Ravikumar, M.N. and Domb, A.J. (2001) “Biodegradable block copolymers”, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 53, 23–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Langer, R. (1990) “New methods of drug delivery”, Science 249, 1527–1533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laverman, P., Boerman, O.C., Oyen, W.J.G., Corstens, F.H.M. and Storm, G. (2001) “In vivo applications of PEG liposomes: unexpected observations”, Crit. Rev. Ther. Drug Carrier Syst. 18, 551–566.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lentz, B.R., McIntyre, G.F., Parks, D.J., Yates, J.C. and Massenburg, D. (1992) “Bilayer curvature and certain amphipaths promote poly(ethylene glycol)-induced fusion of dipalmitoylphosphatidyl-choline unilamellar vesicles”, Biochemistry 31, 2643–2653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, Z., Clarke, A.J. and Beveridge, T.J. (1998) “Gram-negative bacteria produce membrane vesicles which are capable of killing other bacteria”, J. Bacteriol. 180, 5478–5483.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lubitz, W. (2001) “Bacterial ghosts as carrier and targeting systems”, Expert Opin. Biol. Ther. 1, 765–771.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marvin, H.J., ter Beest, M.B., Hoekstra, D. and Witholt, B. (1989) “Fusion of small unilamellar vesicles with viable EDTA-treated Escherichia coli cells”, J. Bacteriol. 171, 5268–5275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mehnert, W. and Mader, K. (2001) “Solid lipid nanoparticles: production, characterization and applications”, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 47, 165–196.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oku, N., Kendall, D.A. and MacDonald, R.C. (1982) “A simple procedure for the determination of the trapped volume of liposomes”, Biochem. Biophys. Acta 691, 332–340.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osborn, M.J., Gander, J.E. and Parisi, E. (1972) “Mechanism of assembly of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. Site of synthesis of lipopolysaccharide”, J. Biol. Chem. 247, 3973–3986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pouton, C.W. (2001) “Polymeric materials for advanced drug delivery”, Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 53, 1–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranade, V.V. (1989) “Drug delivery systems. 1. site-specific drug delivery using liposomes as carriers”, J. Clin. Pharmacol. 29, 685–694.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rand, R.P. and Parsegian, V.A. (1986) “Mimicry and mechanism in phospholipid models of membrane fusion”, Annu. Rev. Physiol. 48, 201–212.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roche, A.C., Midoux, P., Pimpaneau, V., Negre, E., Mayer, R. and Monsigny, M. (1990) “Endocytosis mediated by monocyte and
   Google Scholar