Local tissue distribution and cellular fate of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) following intramuscular injection

References

• Autiero M, Luttun A, Tjwa M, Carmeliet P. (2003).Placental growth factor and its receptor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1: novel targets for stimulation of ischemic tissue revascularization and inhibition of angiogenic and inflammatory disorders. J Thromb Haemost, 1, 1356–1370.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao P, Kodra A, Tomic-Canic M, Golinko MS, Ehrlich HP, Brem H. (2008). The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Wound Healing. J Surg Res. 2009 May 15; 153(2): 347–58.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barleon B, Sozzani S, Zhou D, Welch HA, Mantovani A, Marme D. (1996). Migration of human monocytes in response to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is mediated via the VEGF receptor flt-1. Blood, 87, 336–343.
   Google Scholar
• Carmeliet P. (2000). Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Nat Med, 6, 389–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carmeliet P, Conway EM. (2001). Growing better blood vessels. Nature, 19, 1019–1020.
   Google Scholar
• Darbre A ed. (1986).Practical Protein Chemistry: A Handbook. J. Wiley & Sons, New York.
   Google Scholar
• Dean RA, Butler GS, Hamma-Kourbali Y, Delbe J, Brigstock DR, Courty J, Overall CM. (2007). Identification of candidate angiogenic inhibitors processed by matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) in cell-based proteomic screens: disruption of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/heparin affin regulatory peptide (pleiotrophin) and VEGF/Connective tissue growth factor angiogenic inhibitory complexes by MMP-2 proteolysis. Mol Cell Biol, 27, 8454–8465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eppler SM, Combs DL, Henry TD, Lopez JJ, Ellis SG, Yi JH, Annex BH, McCluskey ER, Zioncheck TF. (2002). A target-mediated model to describe the pharmacokinetics and hemodynamic effects of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor in humans. Clin Pharmacol Ther, 72, 20–32.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Epstein RJ. (2007). VEGF signaling inhibitors: more pro-apoptotic than anti-angiogenic. Cancer Metastasis Rev, 26, 443–452.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ferrara N, Alitalo K. (1999). Clinical applications of angiogenic growth factors and their inhibitors. Nat Med, 5, 1359–1364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferrara N, Gerber HP, LeCouter J. (2003). The biology of VEGF and its receptors. Nat Med, 9, 669–676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Filvaroff EH. (2003). VEGF and bone. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact, 3, 304–307; discussion 320–301.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gille H, Kowalski J, Li B, LeCouter J, Moffat B, Zioncheck TF, Pelletier N, Ferrara N. (2001). Analysis of biological effects and signaling properties of Flt-1 (VEGFR-1) and KDR (VEGFR-2). A reassessment using novel receptor-specific vascular endothelial growth factor mutants. J Biol Chem, 276, 3222–3230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goerges AL, Nugent MA. (2004). pH regulates vascular endothelial growth factor binding to fibronectin: a mechanism for control of extracellular matrix storage and release. J Biol Chem, 279, 2307–2315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez-Mariscal L, Betanzos A, Nava P, Jaramillo BE. (2003). Tight junction proteins. Prog Biophys Mol Biol, 81, 1–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greve JM, Chico TJ, Goldman H, Bunting S, Peale FV, Jr, Daugherty A, van Bruggen N, Williams SP. (2006). Magnetic resonance angiography reveals therapeutic enlargement of collateral vessels induced by VEGF in a murine model of peripheral arterial disease. J Magn Reson Imag, 24, 1124–1132.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heil M, Clauss M, Suzuki K, Buschmann IR, Willuweit A, Fischer S, Schaper W. (2000). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates monocyte migration through endothelial monolayers via increased integrin expression. Eur J Cell Biol, 79, 850–857.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hodivala-Dilke KM, Reynolds AR, Reynolds LE. (2003). Integrins in angiogenesis: multitalented molecules in a balancing act. Cell Tissue Res, 314, 131–144.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hutchings H, Ortega N, Plouet J. (2003). Extracellular matrix-bound vascular endothelial growth factor promotes endothelial cell adhesion, migration, and survival through integrin ligation. FASEB J, 17, 1520–1522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li B, Fuh G, Meng G, Xin X, Gerritsen ME, Cunningham B, de Vos AM. (2000). Receptor-selective variants of human vascular endothelial growth factor. Generation and characterization. J Biol Chem, 275, 29823–29828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li B, Ogasawara AK, Yang R, Wei W, He GW, Zioncheck TF, Bunting S, de Vos AM, Jin H. (2002). KDR (VEGF receptor 2) is the major mediator for the hypotensive effect of VEGF. Hypertension, 39, 1095–1100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li D, Mrsny RJ. (2000). Oncogenic Raf-1 disrupts epithelial tight junctions via downregulation of occludin. J Cell Biol, 148, 791–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liau G, Su EJ, Dixon KD. (2001). Clinical efforts to modulate angiogenesis in the adult: gene therapy versus conventional approaches. Drug Discovery Today, 6, 689–697.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mitsi M, Hong Z, Costello CE, Nugent MA. (2006). Heparin-mediated conformational changes in fibronectin expose vascular endothelial growth factor binding sites. Biochemistry, 45, 10319–10328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mizukami Y, Jo WS, Duerr EM, Gala M, Li J, Zhang X, Zimmer MA, Iliopoulos O, Zukerberg LR, Kohgo Y, Lynch MP, Rueda BR, Chung DC. (2005). Induction of interleukin-8 preserves the angiogenic response in HIF-1alpha-deficient colon cancer cells. Nat Med, 11, 992–997.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neufeld G, Cohen T, Gengrinovitch S, Poltorak Z. (1999). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors. FASEB J, 13, 9–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Norman JT, Orphanides C, Garcia P, Fine LG. (1999). Hypoxia-induced changes in extracellular matrix metabolism in renal cells. Exp Nephrol, 7, 463–469.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Phelps EA, Garcia AJ. (2009). Update on therapeutic vascularization strategies. Regen Med, 4, 65–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pouyssegur J, Dayan F, Mazure NM. (2006). Hypoxia signalling in cancer and approaches to enforce tumour regression. Nature, 441, 437–443.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reynolds AR, Reynolds LE, Nagel TE, Lively JC, Robinson SD, Hicklin DJ, Bodary SC, Hodivala-Dilke KM. (2004). Elevated Flk1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2) signaling mediates enhanced angiogenesis in beta3-integrin-deficient mice. Cancer Res, 64, 8643–8650.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen BQ, Lee DY, Gerber HP, Keyt BA, Ferrara N, Zioncheck TF. (1998). Homologous up-regulation of KDR/Flk-1 receptor expression by vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro. J Biol Chem, 273, 29979–29985.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simons M, Bonow RO, Chronos NA, Cohen DJ, Giordano FJ, Hammond HK, Laham RJ, Like M, Sellke FW, Stegmann TJ, Udelson JE, Rosengart TK. (2000). Clinical trials in coronary angiogenesis: issues, problems, consensus. An expert panel summary. Circulation, 102, 1–14.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Soldi R, Mitola S, Strasly M, Defilippi P, Tarone G, Bussolino F. (1999). Role of alphavbeta3 integrin in the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. EMBO J, 18, 882–892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uchida C, Haas TL. (2009). Evolving strategies in manipulating VEGF/VEGFR signaling for the promotion of angiogenesis in ischemic muscle. Curr Pharm Des, 15, 411–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walder CE, Errett CJ, Bunting S, Lindquist P, Ogez JR, Heinsohn HG, Ferrara N, Thomas GR. (1996). Vascular endothelial growth factor augments muscle blood flow and function in a rabbit model of chronic hindlimb ischemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 27, 91–98.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wijelath ES, Rahman S, Namekata M, Murray J, Nishimura T, Mostafavi-Pour Z, Patel Y, Suda Y, Humphries MJ, Sobel M. (2006). Heparin-II domain of fibronectin is a vascular endothelial growth factor-binding domain: enhancement of VEGF biological activity by a singular growth factor/matrix protein synergism. Circ Res, 99, 853–860.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yague S, Alvarez Arroyo V, Castilla A, Gonzalez Pacheco FR, Llamas P, Caramelo C. (2005). Modulation of the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor on endothelial cells by heparin: critical role of nitric oxide-mediated mechanisms. J Nephrol, 18, 234–242.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang R, Thomas GR, Bunting S, Ko A, Ferrara N, Keyt B, Ross J, Jin H. (1996). Effects of vascular endothelial growth factor on hemodynamics and cardiac performance. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 27, 838–844.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Cao R, Zhang Y, Jia T, Cao Y, Wahlberg E. (2009). Differential roles of PDGFR-alpha and PDGFR-beta in angiogenesis and vessel stability. FASEB J, 23, 153–163.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar