Biological rationale for the design of polymeric anti-cancer nanomedicines

References

• Al-Hajj M, Wicha MS, Benito-Hernandez A, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF. (2003). Prospective identification of tumorigenic breast cancer cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 100, 3983–3988.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alitalo K, Tammela T, Petrova TV. (2005). Lymphangiogenesis in development and human disease. Nature, 438, 946–953.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allen TM. (2002). Ligand-targeted therapeutics in anticancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer, 2, 750–763.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arap W, Pasqualini R, Ruoslahti E. (1998). Cancer treatment by targeted drug delivery to tumor vasculature in a mouse model. Science, 279, 377–380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atkinson RL, Zhang M, Diagaradjane P, Peddibhotla S, Contreras A, Hilsenbeck SG, Woodward WA, Krishnan S, Chang JC, Rosen JM. (2010). Thermal enhancement with optically activated gold nanoshells sensitizes breast cancer stem cells to radiation therapy. Sci Transl Med, 2, 55ra79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bacac M, Stamenkovic I. (2008). Metastatic cancer cell. Annu Rev Pathol, 3, 221–247.
   Google Scholar
• Banzato A, Bobisse S, Rondina M, Renier D, Bettella F, Esposito G, Quintieri L, Meléndez-Alafort L, Mazzi U, Zanovello P, Rosato A. (2008). A paclitaxel-hyaluronan bioconjugate targeting ovarian cancer affords a potent in vivo therapeutic activity. Clin Cancer Res, 14, 3598–3606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bao S, Wu Q, McLendon RE, Hao Y, Shi Q, Hjelmeland AB, Dewhirst MW, Bigner DD, Rich JN. (2006). Glioma stem cells promote radioresistance by preferential activation of the DNA damage response. Nature, 444, 756–760.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bar EE, Chaudhry A, Lin A, Fan X, Schreck K, Matsui W, Piccirillo S, Vescovi AL, DiMeco F, Olivi A, Eberhart CG. (2007). Cyclopamine-mediated hedgehog pathway inhibition depletes stem-like cancer cells in glioblastoma. Stem Cells, 25, 2524–2533.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bartlett DW, Su H, Hildebrandt IJ, Weber WA, Davis ME. (2007). Impact of tumor-specific targeting on the biodistribution and efficacy of siRNA nanoparticles measured by multimodality in vivo imaging. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 104, 15549–15554.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco E, Hsiao A, Ruiz-Esparza GU, Landry MG, Meric-Bernstam F, Ferrari M. (2011). Molecular-targeted nanotherapies in cancer: enabling treatment specificity. Mol Oncol, 5, 492–503.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonnet D, Dick JE. (1997). Human acute myeloid leukemia is organized as a hierarchy that originates from a primitive hematopoietic cell. Nat Med, 3, 730–737.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bourseau-Guilmain E, Béjaud J, Griveau A, Lautram N, Hindré F, Weyland M, Benoit JP, Garcion E. (2012). Development and characterization of immuno-nanocarriers targeting the cancer stem cell marker AC133. Int J Pharm, 423, 93–101.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brabletz T, Jung A, Spaderna S, Hlubek F, Kirchner T. (2005). Opinion: migrating cancer stem cells - an integrated concept of malignant tumour progression. Nat Rev Cancer, 5, 744–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broxterman HJ, Gotink KJ, Verheul HM. (2009). Understanding the causes of multidrug resistance in cancer: a comparison of doxorubicin and sunitinib. Drug Resist Updat, 12, 114–126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bruce WR, Van Der Gaag H. (1963). A quantitative assay for the number of murine lymphoma cells capable of proliferation in vivo. Nature, 199, 79–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Campbell RB, Fukumura D, Brown EB, Mazzola LM, Izumi Y, Jain RK, Torchilin VP, Munn LL. (2002). Cationic charge determines the distribution of liposomes between the vascular and extravascular compartments of tumors. Cancer Res, 62, 6831–6836.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canal F, Sanchis J, Vicent MJ. (2011). Polymer–drug conjugates as nano-sized medicines. Curr Opin Biotechnol, 22, 894–900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chambers AF, Groom AC, MacDonald IC. (2002). Dissemination and growth of cancer cells in metastatic sites. Nat Rev Cancer, 2, 563–572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chandna P, Khandare JJ, Ber E, Rodriguez-Rodriguez L, Minko T. (2010). Multifunctional tumor-targeted polymer-peptide-drug delivery system for treatment of primary and metastatic cancers. Pharm Res, 27, 2296–2306.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cho K, Wang X, Nie S, Chen ZG, Shin DM. (2008). Therapeutic nanoparticles for drug delivery in cancer. Clin Cancer Res, 14, 1310–1316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi KY, Chung H, Min KH, Yoon HY, Kim K, Park JH, Kwon IC, Jeong SY. (2010). Self-assembled hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for active tumor targeting. Biomaterials, 31, 106–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi J, Credit K, Henderson K, Deverkadra R, He Z, Wiig H, Vanpelt H, Flessner MF. (2006). Intraperitoneal immunotherapy for metastatic ovarian carcinoma: Resistance of intratumoral collagen to antibody penetration. Clin Cancer Res, 12, 1906–1912.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chung YL, Jian JJ, Cheng SH, Tsai SY, Chuang VP, Soong T, Lin YM, Horng CF. (2006). Sublethal irradiation induces vascular endothelial growth factor and promotes growth of hepatoma cells: implications for radiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res, 12, 2706–2715.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chytil P, Etrych T, Kříž J, Šubr V, Ulbrich K. (2010). N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide-based polymer conjugates with pH-controlled activation of doxorubicin for cell-specific or passive tumour targeting. Synthesis by RAFT polymerisation and physicochemical characterisation. Eur J Pharm Sci, 41, 473–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clevers H. (2011). The cancer stem cell: premises, promises and challenges. Nat Med, 17, 313–319.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins AT, Maitland NJ. (2009). Prostate cancer: regeneration of interest in the prostate. Nat Rev Urol, 6, 184–186.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins I, Workman P. (2006). New approaches to molecular cancer therapeutics. Nat Chem Biol, 2, 689–700.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Colombo M, Corsi F, Foschi D, Mazzantini E, Mazzucchelli S, Morasso C, Occhipinti E, Polito L, Prosperi D, Ronchi S, Verderio P. (2010). HER2 targeting as a two-sided strategy for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment: Outlook and recent implications in nanomedical approaches. Pharmacol Res, 62, 150–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• David A, Kopečková P, Rubinstein A, Kopeček J. (2001). Enhanced biorecognition and internalization of HPMA copolymers containing multiple or multivalent carbohydrate side-chains by human hepatocarcinoma cells. Bioconjug Chem, 12, 890–899.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davies C, de L, Lundstrøm LM, Frengen J, Eikenes L, Burland ØS, Kaalhus O, Hjelstuen MH, Brekken C. (2004). Radiation improves the distribution and uptake of liposomal doxorubicin (caelyx) in human osteosarcoma xenografts. Cancer Res, 64, 547–553.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis ME. (2009). The first targeted delivery of siRNA in humans via a self-assembling, cyclodextrin polymer-based nanoparticle: from concept to clinic. Mol Pharm, 6, 659–668.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dean M, Fojo T, Bates S. (2005). Tumour stem cells and drug resistance. Nat Rev Cancer, 5, 275–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dick JE. (2008). Stem cell concepts renew cancer research. Blood, 112, 4793–4807.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dick JE. (2009). Looking ahead in cancer stem cell research. Nat Biotechnol, 27, 44–46.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duncan R, Gaspar R. (2011). Nanomedicine(s) under the microscope. Mol Pharm, 8, 2101–2141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dvorák M, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. (1999). High-molecular weight HPMA copolymer-adriamycin conjugates. J Control Release, 60, 321–332.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Edlund M, Sung SY, Chung LW. (2004). Modulation of prostate cancer growth in bone microenvironments. J Cell Biochem, 91, 686–705.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehrlich P. (1906). Studies in Immunity. New York: Plenum Press.
   Google Scholar
• ElBayoumi TA, Torchilin VP. (2009). Tumor-targeted nanomedicines: enhanced antitumor efficacy in vivo of doxorubicin-loaded, long-circulating liposomes modified with cancer-specific monoclonal antibody. Clin Cancer Res, 15, 1973–1980.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etrych T, Chytil P, Mrkvan T, Šírová M, Říhová B, Ulbrich K. (2008). Conjugates of doxorubicin with graft HPMA copolymers for passive tumor targeting. J Control Release, 132, 184–192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Etrych T, Šubr V, Strohalm J, Šírová M, Říhová B, Ulbrich K. (2012). HPMA copolymer-doxorubicin conjugates: The effects of molecular weight and architecture on biodistribution and in vivo activity. J Control Release, DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.06.029.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang J, Nakamura H, Maeda H. (2011). The EPR effect: Unique features of tumor blood vessels for drug delivery, factors involved, and limitations and augmentation of the effect. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 63, 136–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang J, Sawa T, Maeda H. (2003). Factors and mechanism of “EPR” effect and the enhanced antitumor effects of macromolecular drugs including SMANCS. Adv Exp Med Biol, 519, 29–49.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feld R, Rubinstein LV, Weisenberger TH. (1984). Sites of recurrence in resected stage I non-small-cell lung cancer: a guide for future studies. J Clin Oncol, 2, 1352–1358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folkman J. (1995). Angiogenesis in cancer, vascular, rheumatoid and other disease. Nat Med, 1, 27–31.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedl P, Alexander S. (2011). Cancer invasion and the microenvironment: plasticity and reciprocity. Cell, 147, 992–1009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Furth J, Kahn M. (1937). The transmission of leukemia of mice with a single cell. Am J Cancer, 31, 276–282.
   Google Scholar
• Gabizon A, Horowitz AT, Goren D, Tzemach D, Shmeeda H, Zalipsky S. (2003). In vivo fate of folate-targeted polyethylene-glycol liposomes in tumor-bearing mice. Clin Cancer Res, 9, 6551–6559.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao J, Graves S, Koch U, Liu S, Jankovic V, Buonamici S, El Andaloussi A, Nimer SD, Kee BL, Taichman R, Radtke F, Aifantis I. (2009). Hedgehog signaling is dispensable for adult hematopoietic stem cell function. Cell Stem Cell, 4, 548–558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao J, Sun J, Li H, Liu W, Zhang Y, Li B, Qian W, Wang H, Chen J, Guo Y. (2010). Lyophilized HER2-specific PEGylated immunoliposomes for active siRNA gene silencing. Biomaterials, 31, 2655–2664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao SQ, Lu ZR, Petri B, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. (2006). Colon-specific 9-aminocamptothecin-HPMA copolymer conjugates containing a 1,6-elimination spacer. J Control Release, 110, 323–331.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao SQ, Lu ZR, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. (2007). Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of colon-specific HPMA copolymer–9-aminocamptothecin conjugate in mice. J Control Release, 117, 179–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao SQ, Sun Y, Kopečková P, Peterson CM, Kopeček J. (2008). Pharmacokinetic modeling of absorption behavior of 9-aminocamptothecin (9-AC) released from colon-specific HPMA copolymer-9-AC conjugate in rats. Pharm Res, 25, 218–226.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao SQ, Sun Y, Kopečková P, Peterson CM, Kopeček J. (2009). Antitumor efficacy of colon-specific HPMA copolymer/9-aminocamptothecin conjugates in mice bearing human-colon carcinoma xenografts. Macromol Biosci, 9, 1135–1142.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gill PS, Wernz J, Scadden DT, Cohen P, Mukwaya GM, von Roenn JH, Jacobs M, Kempin S, Silverberg I, Gonzales G, Rarick MU, Myers AM, Shepherd F, Sawka C, Pike MC, Ross ME. (1996). Randomized phase III trial of liposomal daunorubicin versus doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine in AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma. J Clin Oncol, 14, 2353–2364.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goda K, Fenyvesi F, Bacsó Z, Nagy H, Márián T, Megyeri A, Krasznai Z, Juhász I, Vecsernyés M, Szabó G Jr. (2007). Complete inhibition of P-glycoprotein by simultaneous treatment with a distinct class of modulators and the UIC2 monoclonal antibody. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 320, 81–88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gordon AN, Fleagle JT, Guthrie D, Parkin DE, Gore ME, Lacave AJ. (2001). Recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma: a randomized phase III study of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin versus topotecan. J Clin Oncol, 19, 3312–3322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gradishar WJ, Tjulandin S, Davidson N, Shaw H, Desai N, Bhar P, Hawkins M, O’Shaughnessy J. (2005). Phase III trial of nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel compared with polyethylated castor oil-based paclitaxel in women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol, 23, 7794–7803.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greco F, Vicent MJ, Gee S, Jones AT, Gee J, Nicholson RI, Duncan R. (2007). Investigating the mechanism of enhanced cytotoxicity of HPMA copolymer-Dox-AGM in breast cancer cells. J Control Release, 117, 28–39.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta PB, Onder TT, Jiang G, Tao K, Kuperwasser C, Weinberg RA, Lander ES. (2009). Identification of selective inhibitors of cancer stem cells by high-throughput screening. Cell, 138, 645–659.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gupta PB, Fillmore CM, Jiang G, Shapira SD, Tao K, Kuperwasser C, Lander ES. (2011). Stochastic state transitions give rise to phenotypic equilibrium in populations of cancer cells. Cell, 146, 633–644.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanahan D, Coussens LM. (2012). Accessories to the crime: functions of cells recruited to the tumor microenvironment. Cancer Cell, 21, 309–322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. (2000). The hallmarks of cancer. Cell, 100, 57–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. (2011). Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation. Cell, 144, 646–674.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harisinghani MG, Barentsz J, Hahn PF, Deserno WM, Tabatabaei S, van de Kaa CH, de la Rosette J, Weissleder R. (2003). Noninvasive detection of clinically occult lymph-node metastases in prostate cancer. N Engl J Med, 348, 2491–2499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hashizume H, Baluk P, Morikawa S, McLean JW, Thurston G, Roberge S, Jain RK, McDonald DM. (2000). Openings between defective endothelial cells explain tumor vessel leakiness. Am J Pathol, 156, 1363–1380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidel JD, Davis ME. (2011). Clinical developments in nanotechnology for cancer therapy. Pharm Res, 28, 187–199.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heldin CH, Rubin K, Pietras K, Ostman A. (2004). High interstitial fluid pressure - an obstacle in cancer therapy. Nat Rev Cancer, 4, 806–813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hess KR, Varadhachary GR, Taylor SH, Wei W, Raber MN, Lenzi R, Abbruzzese JL. (2006). Metastatic patterns in adenocarcinoma. Cancer, 106, 1624–1633.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hirschmann-Jax C, Foster AE, Wulf GG, Nuchtern JG, Jax TW, Gobel U, Goodell MA, Brenner MK. (2004). A distinct “side population” of cells with high drug efflux capacity in human tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101, 14228–14233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann I, Stover EH, Cullen DE, Mao J, Morgan KJ, Lee BH, Kharas MG, Miller PG, Cornejo MG, Okabe R, Armstrong SA, Ghilardi N, Gould S, de Sauvage FJ, McMahon AP, Gilliland DG. (2009). Hedgehog signaling is dispensable for adult murine hematopoietic stem cell function and hematopoiesis. Cell Stem Cell, 4, 559–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hongrapipat J, Kopečková P, Liu J, Prakongpan S, Kopeček J. (2008a). Combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy with fab’ fragment targeted HPMA copolymer conjugates in human ovarian carcinoma cells. Mol Pharm, 5, 696–709.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hongrapipat J, Kopečková P, Prakongpan S, Kopeček J. (2008b). Enhanced antitumor activity of combinations of free and HPMA copolymer-bound drugs. Int J Pharm, 351, 259–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horning SJ, Younes A, Jain V, Kroll S, Lucas J, Podoloff D, Goris M. (2005). Efficacy and safety of tositumomab and iodine-131 tositumomab (Bexxar) in B-cell lymphoma, progressive after rituximab. J Clin Oncol, 23, 712–719.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsu MJ, Juliano RL. (1982). Interactions of liposomes with the reticuloendothelial system. II: Nonspecific and receptor-mediated uptake of liposomes by mouse peritoneal macrophages. Biochim Biophys Acta, 720, 411–419.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hütter ML, Schlenk RF. (2011). Gemtuzumab ozogamicin in non-acute promyelocytic acute myeloid leukemia. Expert Opin Biol Ther, 11, 1369–1380.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iliopoulos D, Hirsch HA, Wang G, Struhl K. (2011). Inducible formation of breast cancer stem cells and their dynamic equilibrium with non-stem cancer cells via IL6 secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 108, 1397–1402.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain RK. (1987). Transport of molecules across tumor vasculature. Cancer Metastasis Rev, 6, 559–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain RK. (1988). Determinants of tumor blood flow: a review. Cancer Res, 48, 2641–2658.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain RK. (1998). Delivery of molecular and cellular medicine to solid tumors. J Control Release, 53, 49–67.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain RK, Munn LL, Fukumura D. (2002). Dissecting tumour pathophysiology using intravital microscopy. Nat Rev Cancer, 2, 266–276.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain RK, Tong RT, Munn LL. (2007). Effect of vascular normalization by antiangiogenic therapy on interstitial hypertension, peritumor edema, and lymphatic metastasis: insights from a mathematical model. Cancer Res, 67, 2729–2735.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jain RK, Stylianopoulos T. (2010). Delivering nanomedicine to solid tumors. Nat Rev Clin Oncol, 7, 653–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E. (2010). Cancer statistics, 2010. CA Cancer J Clin, 60, 277–300.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johnson RN, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. (2009). Synthesis and evaluation of multivalent branched HPMA copolymer-Fab’ conjugates targeted to the B-cell antigen CD20. Bioconjug Chem, 20, 129–137.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juweid M, Neumann R, Paik C, Perez-Bacete MJ, Sato J, van Osdol W, Weinstein JN. (1992). Micropharmacology of monoclonal antibodies in solid tumors: direct experimental evidence for a binding site barrier. Cancer Res, 52, 5144–5153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kang Y, Siegel PM, Shu W, Drobnjak M, Kakonen SM, Cordón-Cardo C, Guise TA, Massagué J. (2003). A multigenic program mediating breast cancer metastasis to bone. Cancer Cell, 3, 537–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kano MR, Bae Y, Iwata C, Morishita Y, Yashiro M, Oka M, Fujii T, Komuro A, Kiyono K, Kaminishi M, Hirakawa K, Ouchi Y, Nishiyama N, Kataoka K, Miyazono K. (2007). Improvement of cancer-targeting therapy, using nanocarriers for intractable solid tumors by inhibition of TGF-beta signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 104, 3460–3465.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karhadkar SS, Bova GS, Abdallah N, Dhara S, Gardner D, Maitra A, Isaacs JT, Berman DM, Beachy PA. (2004). Hedgehog signalling in prostate regeneration, neoplasia and metastasis. Nature, 431, 707–712.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirpotin DB, Drummond DC, Shao Y, Shalaby MR, Hong K, Nielsen UB, Marks JD, Benz CC, Park JW. (2006). Antibody targeting of long-circulating lipidic nanoparticles does not increase tumor localization but does increase internalization in animal models. Cancer Res, 66, 6732–6740.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klein CA. (2009). Parallel progression of primary tumours and metastases. Nat Rev Cancer, 9, 302–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kopeček J, Kopečková P. (2010). HPMA copolymers: origins, early developments, present, and future. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 62, 122–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kouros-Mehr H, Bechis SK, Slorach EM, Littlepage LE, Egeblad M, Ewald AJ, Pai SY, Ho IC, Werb Z. (2008). GATA-3 links tumor differentiation and dissemination in a luminal breast cancer model. Cancer Cell, 13, 141–152.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kwon IK, Lee SC, Han B, Park K. (2012). Analysis on the current status of targeted drug delivery to tumors. J Control Release, DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.010.
   Google Scholar
• Laakkonen P, Akerman ME, Biliran H, Yang M, Ferrer F, Karpanen T, Hoffman RM, Ruoslahti E. (2004). Antitumor activity of a homing peptide that targets tumor lymphatics and tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 101, 9381–9386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lammers T. (2010). Improving the efficacy of combined modality anticancer therapy using HPMA copolymer-based nanomedicine formulations. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 62, 203–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lammers T, Peschke P, Kühnlein R, Šubr V, Ulbrich K, Debus J, Huber P, Hennink W, Storm G. (2007). Effect of radiotherapy and hyperthermia on the tumor accumulation of HPMA copolymer-based drug delivery systems. J Control Release, 117, 333–341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lammers T, Hennink WE, Storm G. (2008). Tumour-targeted nanomedicines: principles and practice. Br J Cancer, 99, 392–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lammers T, Šubr V, Ulbrich K, Peschke P, Huber PE, Hennink WE, Storm G. (2009). Simultaneous delivery of doxorubicin and gemcitabine to tumors in vivo using prototypic polymeric drug carriers. Biomaterials, 30, 3466–3475.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lammers T, Kiessling F, Hennink WE, Storm G. (2012). Drug targeting to tumors: principles, pitfalls and (pre-) clinical progress. J Control Release, 161, 175–187.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee YJ, Galoforo SS, Berns CM, Erdos G, Gupta AK, Ways DK, Corry PM. (1995). Effect of ionizing radiation on AP-1 binding activity and basic fibroblast growth factor gene expression in drug-sensitive human breast carcinoma MCF-7 and multidrug-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells. J Biol Chem, 270, 28790–28796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leu AJ, Berk DA, Lymboussaki A, Alitalo K, Jain RK. (2000). Absence of functional lymphatics within a murine sarcoma: a molecular and functional evaluation. Cancer Res, 60, 4324–4327.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leung DW, Cachianes G, Kuang WJ, Goeddel DV, Ferrara N. (1989). Vascular endothelial growth factor is a secreted angiogenic mitogen. Science, 246, 1306–1309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leunig M, Yuan F, Menger MD, Boucher Y, Goetz AE, Messmer K, Jain RK. (1992). Angiogenesis, microvascular architecture, microhemodynamics, and interstitial fluid pressure during early growth of human adenocarcinoma LS174T in SCID mice. Cancer Res, 52, 6553–6560.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li C, Ke S, Wu QP, Tansey W, Hunter N, Buchmiller LM, Milas L, Charnsangavej C, Wallace S. (2000). Tumor irradiation enhances the tumor-specific distribution of poly(L-glutamic acid)-conjugated paclitaxel and its antitumor efficacy. Clin Cancer Res, 6, 2829–2834.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li SD, Huang L. (2008). Pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of nanoparticles. Mol Pharm, 5, 496–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim KJ, Bisht S, Bar EE, Maitra A, Eberhart CG. (2011). A polymeric nanoparticle formulation of curcumin inhibits growth, clonogenicity and stem-like fraction in malignant brain tumors. Cancer Biol Ther, 11, 464–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu J, Kopečková P, Bühler P, Wolf P, Pan H, Bauer H, Elsässer-Beile U, Kopeček J. (2009). Biorecognition and subcellular trafficking of HPMA copolymer-anti-PSMA antibody conjugates by prostate cancer cells. Mol Pharm, 6, 959–970.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu ZR, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. (1999). Polymerizable Fab’ antibody fragments for targeting of anticancer drugs. Nat Biotechnol, 17, 1101–1104.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luo K, Yang J, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. (2011). Biodegradable Multiblock Poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] via Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization and Click Chemistry. Macromolecules, 44, 2481–2488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maduro JH, Pras E, Willemse PH, de Vries EG. (2003). Acute and long-term toxicity following radiotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer. Cancer Treat Rev, 29, 471–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda H, Matsumura Y, Kato H. (1988). Purification and identification of [hydroxyprolyl3]bradykinin in ascitic fluid from a patient with gastric cancer. J Biol Chem, 263, 16051–16054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maeda H, Wu J, Sawa T, Matsumura Y, Hori K. (2000). Tumor vascular permeability and the EPR effect in macromolecular therapeutics: a review. J Control Release, 65, 271–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malugin A, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. (2006). HPMA copolymer-bound doxorubicin induces apoptosis in ovarian carcinoma cells by the disruption of mitochondrial function. Mol Pharm, 3, 351–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mamaeva V, Rosenholm JM, Bate-Eya LT, Bergman L, Peuhu E, Duchanoy A, Fortelius LE, Landor S, Toivola DM, Lindén M, Sahlgren C. (2011). Mesoporous silica nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for targeted inhibition of Notch signaling in cancer. Mol Ther, 19, 1538–1546.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumura Y, Maeda H. (1986). A new concept for macromolecular therapeutics in cancer chemotherapy: mechanism of tumoritropic accumulation of proteins and the antitumor agent smancs. Cancer Res, 46, 6387–6392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Matsumura Y, Kataoka K. (2009). Preclinical and clinical studies of anticancer agent-incorporating polymer micelles. Cancer Sci, 100, 572–579.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKee TD, Grandi P, Mok W, Alexandrakis G, Insin N, Zimmer JP, Bawendi MG, Boucher Y, Breakefield XO, Jain RK. (2006). Degradation of fibrillar collagen in a human melanoma xenograft improves the efficacy of an oncolytic herpes simplex virus vector. Cancer Res, 66, 2509–2513.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Milano J, McKay J, Dagenais C, Foster-Brown L, Pognan F, Gadient R, Jacobs RT, Zacco A, Greenberg B, Ciaccio PJ. (2004). Modulation of notch processing by gamma-secretase inhibitors causes intestinal goblet cell metaplasia and induction of genes known to specify gut secretory lineage differentiation. Toxicol Sci, 82, 341–358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller K, Eldar-Boock A, Polyak D, Segal E, Benayoun L, Shaked Y, Satchi-Fainaro R. (2011). Antiangiogenic antitumor activity of HPMA copolymer-paclitaxel-alendronate conjugate on breast cancer bone metastasis mouse model. Mol Pharm, 8, 1052–1062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minchinton AI, Tannock IF. (2006). Drug penetration in solid tumours. Nat Rev Cancer, 6, 583–592.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minko T, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. (1999). Chronic exposure to HPMA copolymer-bound adriamycin does not induce multidrug resistance in a human ovarian carcinoma cell line. J Control Release, 59, 133–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minko T, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. (2000). Efficacy of the chemotherapeutic action of HPMA copolymer-bound doxorubicin in a solid tumor model of ovarian carcinoma. Int J Cancer, 86, 108–117.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minko T, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. (2001). Preliminary evaluation of caspases-dependent apoptosis signaling pathways of free and HPMA copolymer-bound doxorubicin in human ovarian carcinoma cells. J Control Release, 71, 227–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mundy GR. (2002). Metastasis to bone: causes, consequences and therapeutic opportunities. Nat Rev Cancer, 2, 584–593.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nadali F, Pourfathollah AA, Alimoghaddam K, Nikougoftar M, Rostami S, Dizaji A, Azizi E, Zomorodipour A, Ghavamzadeh A. (2007). Multidrug resistance inhibition by antisense oligonucleotide against MDR1/mRNA in P-glycoprotein expressing leukemic cells. Hematology, 12, 393–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nahrendorf M, Keliher E, Marinelli B, Leuschner F, Robbins CS, Gerszten RE, Pittet MJ, Swirski FK, Weissleder R. (2011). Detection of macrophages in aortic aneurysms by nanoparticle positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 31, 750–757.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neri D, Bicknell R. (2005). Tumour vascular targeting. Nat Rev Cancer, 5, 436–446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen DX, Bos PD, Massagué J. (2009). Metastasis: from dissemination to organ-specific colonization. Nat Rev Cancer, 9, 274–284.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nguyen QT, Olson ES, Aguilera TA, Jiang T, Scadeng M, Ellies LG, Tsien RY. (2010). Surgery with molecular fluorescence imaging using activatable cell-penetrating peptides decreases residual cancer and improves survival. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 107, 4317–4322.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nishiyama N, Nori A, Malugin A, Kasuya Y, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. (2003). Free and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer-bound geldanamycin derivative induce different stress responses in A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cells. Cancer Res, 63, 7876–7882.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Noguchi Y, Wu J, Duncan R, Strohalm J, Ulbrich K, Akaike T, Maeda H. (1998). Early phase tumor accumulation of macromolecules: a great difference in clearance rate between tumor and normal tissues. Jpn J Cancer Res, 89, 307–314.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Northfelt DW, Dezube BJ, Thommes JA, Miller BJ, Fischl MA, Friedman-Kien A, Kaplan LD, Du Mond C, Mamelok RD, Henry DH. (1998). Pegylated-liposomal doxorubicin versus doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine in the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi’s sarcoma: results of a randomized phase III clinical trial. J Clin Oncol, 16, 2445–2451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowell PC. (1976). The clonal evolution of tumor cell populations. Science, 194, 23–28.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nowotnik DP, Cvitkovic E. (2009). ProLindac (AP5346): a review of the development of an HPMA DACH platinum Polymer Therapeutic. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 61, 1214–1219.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nugent LJ, Jain RK. (1984). Extravascular diffusion in normal and neoplastic tissues. Cancer Res, 44, 238–244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O′Brien CA, Pollett A, Gallinger S, Dick JE. (2007). A human colon cancer cell capable of initiating tumour growth in immunodeficient mice. Nature, 445, 106–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien ME, Wigler N, Inbar M, Rosso R, Grischke E, Santoro A, Catane R, Kieback DG, Tomczak P, Ackland SP, Orlandi F, Mellars L, Alland L, Tendler C; CAELYX Breast Cancer Study Group. (2004). Reduced cardiotoxicity and comparable efficacy in a phase III trial of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin HCl (CAELYX/Doxil) versus conventional doxorubicin for first-line treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol, 15, 440–449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Brien ME, Socinski MA, Popovich AY, Bondarenko IN, Tomova A, Bilynsky BT, Hotko YS, Ganul VL, Kostinsky IY, Eisenfeld AJ, Sandalic L, Oldham FB, Bandstra B, Sandler AB, Singer JW. (2008). Randomized phase III trial comparing single-agent paclitaxel Poliglumex (CT-2103, PPX) with single-agent gemcitabine or vinorelbine for the treatment of PS 2 patients with chemotherapy-naïve advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol, 3, 728–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olive KP, Jacobetz MA, Davidson CJ, Gopinathan A, McIntyre D, Honess D, Madhu B, Goldgraben MA, Caldwell ME, Allard D, Frese KK, Denicola G, Feig C, Combs C, Winter SP, Ireland-Zecchini H, Reichelt S, Howat WJ, Chang A, Dhara M, Wang L, Rückert F, Grützmann R, Pilarsky C, Izeradjene K, Hingorani SR, Huang P, Davies SE, Plunkett W, Egorin M, Hruban RH, Whitebread N, McGovern K, Adams J, Iacobuzio-Donahue C, Griffiths J, Tuveson DA. (2009). Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling enhances delivery of chemotherapy in a mouse model of pancreatic cancer. Science, 324, 1457–1461.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olson ES, Jiang T, Aguilera TA, Nguyen QT, Ellies LG, Scadeng M, Tsien RY. (2010). Activatable cell penetrating peptides linked to nanoparticles as dual probes for in vivo fluorescence and MR imaging of proteases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 107, 4311–4316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omelyanenko V, Kopečková P, Gentry C, Kopeček J. (1998a). Targetable HPMA copolymer-adriamycin conjugates. Recognition, internalization, and subcellular fate. J Control Release, 53, 25–37.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Omelyanenko V, Gentry C, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. (1998b). HPMA copolymer-anticancer drug-OV-TL16 antibody conjugates. II. Processing in epithelial ovarian carcinoma cells in vitro. Int J Cancer, 75, 600–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oravecz-Wilson KI, Philips ST, Yilmaz OH, Ames HM, Li L, Crawford BD, Gauvin AM, Lucas PC, Sitwala K, Downing JR, Morrison SJ, Ross TS. (2009). Persistence of leukemia-initiating cells in a conditional knockin model of an imatinib-responsive myeloproliferative disorder. Cancer Cell, 16, 137–148.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padera TP, Kadambi A, di Tomaso E, Carreira CM, Brown EB, Boucher Y, Choi NC, Mathisen D, Wain J, Mark EJ, Munn LL, Jain RK. (2002). Lymphatic metastasis in the absence of functional intratumor lymphatics. Science, 296, 1883–1886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Padera TP, Stoll BR, Tooredman JB, Capen D, di Tomaso E, Jain RK. (2004). Pathology: cancer cells compress intratumour vessels. Nature, 427, 695.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan H, Sima M, Kopečková P, Wu K, Gao S, Liu J, Wang D, Miller SC, Kopeček J. (2008). Biodistribution and pharmacokinetic studies of bone-targeting N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer-alendronate conjugates. Mol Pharm, 5, 548–558.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pan H, Yang J, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. (2011). Backbone degradable multiblock N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer conjugates via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and thiol-ene coupling reaction. Biomacromolecules, 12, 247–252.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pegram MD, Konecny G, Slamon DJ. (2000). The molecular and cellular biology of HER2/neu gene amplification/overexpression and the clinical development of herceptin (trastuzumab) therapy for breast cancer. Cancer Treat Res, 103, 57–75.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Peschke P, Klein V, Wolber G, Friedrich E, Hahn EW. (1999). Morphometric analysis of bromodeoxyuridine distribution and cell density in the rat Dunning prostate tumor R3327-AT1 following treatment with radiation and/or hyperthermia. Histol Histopathol, 14, 461–469.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pierce GB, Wallace C. (1971). Differentiation of malignant to benign cells. Cancer Res, 31, 127–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pluen A, Netti PA, Jain RK, Berk DA. (1999). Diffusion of macromolecules in agarose gels: comparison of linear and globular configurations. Biophys J, 77, 542–552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Primeau AJ, Rendon A, Hedley D, Lilge L, Tannock IF. (2005). The distribution of the anticancer drug Doxorubicin in relation to blood vessels in solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res, 11, 8782–8788.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Provenzano PP, Cuevas C, Chang AE, Goel VK, Von Hoff DD, Hingorani SR. (2012). Enzymatic targeting of the stroma ablates physical barriers to treatment of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Cell, 21, 418–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Raz A, Bucana C, Fogler WE, Poste G, Fidler IJ. (1981). Biochemical, morphological, and ultrastructural studies on the uptake of liposomes by murine macrophages. Cancer Res, 41, 487–494.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rejmanová P, Pohl J, Baudyš M, Kostka V, Kopeček J. (1983). Polymers containing enzymatically degradable bonds. 8. Degradation of oligopeptide sequences in N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers by bovine spleen cathepsin B. Makromol Chem, 184, 2009–2020.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ren Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wei D. (2008). Overcoming multidrug resistance in human carcinoma cells by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide–doxorubicin conjugate in vitro and in vivo. Mol Pharm, 5, 579–587.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reya T, Morrison SJ, Clarke MF, Weissman IL. (2001). Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells. Nature, 414, 105–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricci-Vitiani L, Lombardi DG, Pilozzi E, Biffoni M, Todaro M, Peschle C, De Maria R. (2007). Identification and expansion of human colon-cancer-initiating cells. Nature, 445, 111–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, Biffoni M, Todaro M, Invernici G, Cenci T, Maira G, Parati EA, Stassi G, Larocca LM, De Maria R. (2010). Tumour vascularization via endothelial differentiation of glioblastoma stem-like cells. Nature, 468, 824–828.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Říhová B, Kopečková P, Strohalm J, Rossmann P, Větvička V, Kopeček J. (1988). Antibody-directed affinity therapy applied to the immune system: in vivo effectiveness and limited toxicity of daunomycin conjugated to HPMA copolymers and targeting antibody. Clin Immunol Immunopathol, 46, 100–114.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Říhová B, Strohalm J, Hoste K, Jelínková M, Hovorka O, Kovář M, Plocová D, Šírová M, Št’astný M, Schacht E, Ulbrich K. (2001). Immunoprotective therapy with targeted anticancer drugs. Macromolecular Symposia, 172, 21–28.
   Google Scholar
• Roberts WG, Palade GE. (1997). Neovasculature induced by vascular endothelial growth factor is fenestrated. Cancer Res, 57, 765–772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosen JM, Jordan CT. (2009). The increasing complexity of the cancer stem cell paradigm. Science, 324, 1670–1673.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rothe A, Sasse S, Goergen H, Eichenauer DA, Lohri A, Jäger U, Bangard C, Böll B, von Bergwelt Baildon M, Theurich S, Borchmann P, Engert A. (2012). Brentuximab vedotin for relapsed or refractory CD30+ hematologic malignancies: the German Hodgkin Study Group experience. Blood, 120, 1470–1472.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruoslahti E. (2012). Peptides as targeting elements and tissue penetration devices for nanoparticles. Adv Mater, 24, 3747–3756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmidt-Kittler O, Ragg T, Daskalakis A, Granzow M, Ahr A, Blankenstein TJ, Kaufmann M, Diebold J, Arnholdt H, Muller P, Bischoff J, Harich D, Schlimok G, Riethmuller G, Eils R, Klein CA. (2003). From latent disseminated cells to overt metastasis: genetic analysis of systemic breast cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 100, 7737–7742.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schroeder A, Heller DA, Winslow MM, Dahlman JE, Pratt GW, Langer R, Jacks T, Anderson DG. (2012). Treating metastatic cancer with nanotechnology. Nat Rev Cancer, 12, 39–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal E, Pan H, Ofek P, Udagawa T, Kopečková P, Kopeček J, Satchi-Fainaro R. (2009). Targeting angiogenesis-dependent calcified neoplasms using combined polymer therapeutics. PLoS ONE, 4, e5233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour LW, Duncan R, Strohalm J, Kopeček J. (1987). Effect of molecular weight (Mw) of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymers on body distribution and rate of excretion after subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, and intravenous administration to rats. J Biomed Mater Res, 21, 1341–1358.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour LW, Miyamoto Y, Maeda H, Brereton M, Strohalm J, Ulbrich K, Duncan R. (1995). Influence of molecular weight on passive tumour accumulation of a soluble macromolecular drug carrier. Eur J Cancer, 31A, 766–770.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seymour LW, Ferry DR, Anderson D, Hesslewood S, Julyan PJ, Poyner R, Doran J, Young AM, Burtles S, Kerr DJ; Cancer Research Campaign Phase I/II Clinical Trials committee. (2002). Hepatic drug targeting: phase I evaluation of polymer-bound doxorubicin. J Clin Oncol, 20, 1668–1676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shackleton M, Quintana E, Fearon ER, Morrison SJ. (2009). Heterogeneity in cancer: cancer stem cells versus clonal evolution. Cell, 138, 822–829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shah NP, Skaggs BJ, Branford S, Hughes TP, Nicoll JM, Paquette RL, Sawyers CL. (2007). Sequential ABL kinase inhibitor therapy selects for compound drug-resistant BCR-ABL mutations with altered oncogenic potency. J Clin Invest, 117, 2562–2569.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma SV, Lee DY, Li B, Quinlan MP, Takahashi F, Maheswaran S, McDermott U, Azizian N, Zou L, Fischbach MA, Wong KK, Brandstetter K, Wittner B, Ramaswamy S, Classon M, Settleman J. (2010). A chromatin-mediated reversible drug-tolerant state in cancer cell subpopulations. Cell, 141, 69–80.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharkey RM, Goldenberg DM. (2006). Targeted therapy of cancer: new prospects for antibodies and immunoconjugates. CA Cancer J Clin, 56, 226–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiah JJ, Sun Y, Peterson CM, Kopeček J. (1999). Biodistribution of free and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer-bound mesochlorin e6 and adriamycin in nude mice bearing human ovarian carcinoma OVCAR-3 xenografts. J Control Release, 61, 145–157.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiah JG, Sun Y, Peterson CM, Straight RC, Kopeček J. (2000). Antitumor activity of N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer-mesochlorine e6 and adriamycin conjugates in combination treatments. Clin Cancer Res, 6, 1008–1015.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiah JG, Dvořák M, Kopečková P, Sun Y, Peterson CM, Kopeček J. (2001a). Biodistribution and antitumour efficacy of long-circulating N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer-doxorubicin conjugates in nude mice. Eur J Cancer, 37, 131–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shiah JG, Sun Y, Kopečková P, Peterson CM, Straight RC, Kopeček J. (2001b). Combination chemotherapy and photodynamic therapy of targetable N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer-doxorubicin/mesochlorin e(6)-OV-TL 16 antibody immunoconjugates. J Control Release, 74, 249–253.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh SK, Hawkins C, Clarke ID, Squire JA, Bayani J, Hide T, Henkelman RM, Cusimano MD, Dirks PB. (2004). Identification of human brain tumour initiating cells. Nature, 432, 396–401.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorbera LA, Graul A, Silvestre J, Castañer J. (1999). Oncolytic, antiarthritic, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor. Drugs Fut, 24, 16.
   Google Scholar
• Spano D, Zollo M. (2012). Tumor microenvironment: a main actor in the metastasis process. Clin Exp Metastasis, 29, 381–395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• St Croix B, Man S, Kerbel RS. (1998). Reversal of intrinsic and acquired forms of drug resistance by hyaluronidase treatment of solid tumors. Cancer Lett, 131, 35–44.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugahara KN, Teesalu T, Karmali PP, Kotamraju VR, Agemy L, Girard OM, Hanahan D, Mattrey RF, Ruoslahti E. (2009). Tissue-penetrating delivery of compounds and nanoparticles into tumors. Cancer Cell, 16, 510–520.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sugahara KN, Teesalu T, Karmali PP, Kotamraju VR, Agemy L, Greenwald DR, Ruoslahti E. (2010). Coadministration of a tumor-penetrating peptide enhances the efficacy of cancer drugs. Science, 328, 1031–1035.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Szakács G, Paterson JK, Ludwig JA, Booth-Genthe C, Gottesman MM. (2006). Targeting multidrug resistance in cancer. Nat Rev Drug Discov, 5, 219–234.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tammela T, Alitalo K. (2010). Lymphangiogenesis: Molecular mechanisms and future promise. Cell, 140, 460–476.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tang C, Ang BT, Pervaiz S. (2007). Cancer stem cell: target for anti-cancer therapy. FASEB J, 21, 3777–3785.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tardi PG, Gallagher RC, Johnstone S, Harasym N, Webb M, Bally MB, Mayer LD. (2007). Coencapsulation of irinotecan and floxuridine into low cholesterol-containing liposomes that coordinate drug release in vivo. Biochim Biophys Acta, 1768, 678–687.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tardi P, Johnstone S, Harasym N, Xie S, Harasym T, Zisman N, Harvie P, Bermudes D, Mayer L. (2009). In vivo maintenance of synergistic cytarabine:daunorubicin ratios greatly enhances therapeutic efficacy. Leuk Res, 33, 129–139.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tassa C, Shaw SY, Weissleder R. (2011). Dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles: a versatile platform for targeted molecular imaging, molecular diagnostics, and therapy. Acc Chem Res, 44, 842–852.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taurin S, Nehoff H, Greish K. (2012). Anticancer nanomedicine and tumor vascular permeability; Where is the missing link? J Control Release, DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.07.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teng Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Ma D. (2010). Wnt/beta-catenin signaling regulates cancer stem cells in lung cancer A549 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 392, 373–379.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thayer SP, di Magliano MP, Heiser PW, Nielsen CM, Roberts DJ, Lauwers GY, Qi YP, Gysin S, Fernández-del Castillo C, Yajnik V, Antoniu B, McMahon M, Warshaw AL, Hebrok M. (2003). Hedgehog is an early and late mediator of pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis. Nature, 425, 851–856.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson CB, Shepard HM, O’Connor PM, Kadhim S, Jiang P, Osgood RJ, Bookbinder LH, Li X, Sugarman BJ, Connor RJ, Nadjsombati S, Frost GI. (2010). Enzymatic depletion of tumor hyaluronan induces antitumor responses in preclinical animal models. Mol Cancer Ther, 9, 3052–3064.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsuruo T, Iida H, Tsukagoshi S, Sakurai Y. (1981). Overcoming of vincristine resistance in P388 leukemia in vivo and in vitro through enhanced cytotoxicity of vincristine and vinblastine by verapamil. Cancer Res, 41, 1967–1972.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulbrich K, Etrych T, Chytil P, Jelínková M, Říhová B. (2003). HPMA copolymers with pH-controlled release of doxorubicin: in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antitumor activity. J Control Release, 87, 33–47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ulbrich K, Šubr V. (2010). Structural and chemical aspects of HPMA copolymers as drug carriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 62, 150–166.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Veiseh O, Kievit FM, Ellenbogen RG, Zhang M. (2011). Cancer cell invasion: treatment and monitoring opportunities in nanomedicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev, 63, 582–596.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vergote IB, Micha JP, Pippitt Jr CH, Rao GG, Spitz DL, Reed N, Dark GG, Garcia A, Maslyar DJ, Rustin GJ. (2010). Phase II study of NKTR-102 in women with platinum-resistant/refractory ovarian cancer. J Clin Oncol, 28(15 suppl), abstract5013.
   Google Scholar
• Vicent MJ, Greco F, Nicholson RI, Paul A, Griffiths PC, Duncan R. (2005). Polymer therapeutics designed for a combination therapy of hormone-dependent cancer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 44, 4061–4066.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Villares GJ, Zigler M, Wang H, Melnikova VO, Wu H, Friedman R, Leslie MC, Vivas-Mejia PE, Lopez-Berestein G, Sood AK, Bar-Eli M. (2008). Targeting melanoma growth and metastasis with systemic delivery of liposome-incorporated protease-activated receptor-1 small interfering RNA. Cancer Res, 68, 9078–9086.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vinogradov S, Wei X. (2012). Cancer stem cells and drug resistance: the potential of nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond), 7, 597–615.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wagner V, Dullaart A, Bock AK, Zweck A. (2006). The emerging nanomedicine landscape. Nat Biotechnol, 24, 1211–1217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang J, Lou P, Lesniewski R, Henkin J. (2003). Paclitaxel at ultra low concentrations inhibits angiogenesis without affecting cellular microtubule assembly. Anticancer Drugs, 14, 13–19.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang R, Chadalavada K, Wilshire J, Kowalik U, Hovinga KE, Geber A, Fligelman B, Leversha M, Brennan C, Tabar V. (2010). Glioblastoma stem-like cells give rise to tumour endothelium. Nature, 468, 829–833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Y, Oliver G. (2010). Current views on the function of the lymphatic vasculature in health and disease. Genes Dev, 24, 2115–2126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang Z, Li Y, Kong D, Banerjee S, Ahmad A, Azmi AS, Ali S, Abbruzzese JL, Gallick GE, Sarkar FH. (2009). Acquisition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells is linked with activation of the notch signaling pathway. Cancer Res, 69, 2400–2407.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang ZA, Shen MM. (2011). Revisiting the concept of cancer stem cells in prostate cancer. Oncogene, 30, 1261–1271.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wiseman GA, White CA, Witzig TE, Gordon LI, Emmanouilides C, Raubitschek A, Janakiraman N, Gutheil J, Schilder RJ, Spies S, Silverman DH, Grillo-López AJ. (1999). Radioimmunotherapy of relapsed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma with zevalin, a 90Y-labeled anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody. Clin Cancer Res, 5, 3281s–3286s.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf K, Mazo I, Leung H, Engelke K, von Andrian UH, Deryugina EI, Strongin AY, Bröcker EB, Friedl P. (2003). Compensation mechanism in tumor cell migration: mesenchymal-amoeboid transition after blocking of pericellular proteolysis. J Cell Biol, 160, 267–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolf K, Wu YI, Liu Y, Geiger J, Tam E, Overall C, Stack MS, Friedl P. (2007). Multi-step pericellular proteolysis controls the transition from individual to collective cancer cell invasion. Nat Cell Biol, 9, 893–904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Akaike T, Maeda H. (1998). Modulation of enhanced vascular permeability in tumors by a bradykinin antagonist, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and a nitric oxide scavenger. Cancer Res, 58, 159–165.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu K, Liu J, Johnson RN, Yang J, Kopeček J. (2010). Drug-free macromolecular therapeutics: induction of apoptosis by coiled-coil-mediated cross-linking of antigens on the cell surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl, 49, 1451–1455.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu K, Yang J, Liu J, Kopeček J. (2012). Coiled-coil based drug-free macromolecular therapeutics: In vivo efficacy. J Control Release, 157, 126–131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan Z, Wang F, Wen Z, Zhan C, Feng L, Liu Y, Wei X, Xie C, Lu W. (2012). LyP-1-conjugated PEGylated liposomes: A carrier system for targeted therapy of lymphatic metastatic tumor. J Control Release, 157, 118–125.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan Z, Zhan C, Wen Z, Feng L, Wang F, Liu Y, Yang X, Dong Q, Liu M, Lu W. (2011). LyP-1-conjugated doxorubicin-loaded liposomes suppress lymphatic metastasis by inhibiting lymph node metastases and destroying tumor lymphatics. Nanotechnology, 22, 415103.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang J, Weinberg RA. (2008). Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: at the crossroads of development and tumor metastasis. Dev Cell, 14, 818–829.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang J, Luo K, Pan H, Kopečková P, Kopeček J. (2011). Synthesis of Biodegradable Multiblock Copolymers by Click Coupling of RAFT-Generated HeterotelechelicPolyHPMA Conjugates. React Funct Polym, 71, 294–302.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yilmaz OH, Valdez R, Theisen BK, Guo W, Ferguson DO, Wu H, Morrison SJ. (2006). Pten dependence distinguishes haematopoietic stem cells from leukaemia-initiating cells. Nature, 441, 475–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan F, Dellian M, Fukumura D, Leunig M, Berk DA, Torchilin VP, Jain RK. (1995). Vascular permeability in a human tumor xenograft: molecular size dependence and cutoff size. Cancer Res, 55, 3752–3756.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yuan F, Salehi HA, Boucher Y, Vasthare US, Tuma RF, Jain RK. (1994). Vascular permeability and microcirculation of gliomas and mammary carcinomas transplanted in rat and mouse cranial windows. Cancer Res, 54, 4564–4568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yu F, Yao H, Zhu P, Zhang X, Pan Q, Gong C, Huang Y, Hu X, Su F, Lieberman J, Song E. (2007). let-7 regulates self renewal and tumorigenicity of breast cancer cells. Cell, 131, 1109–1123.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang J, Grindley JC, Yin T, Jayasinghe S, He XC, Ross JT, Haug JS, Rupp D, Porter-Westpfahl KS, Wiedemann LM, Wu H, Li L. (2006). PTEN maintains haematopoietic stem cells and acts in lineage choice and leukaemia prevention. Nature, 441, 518–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Y, Yang J, Kopeček J. (2012). Selective inhibitory effect of HPMA copolymer-cyclopamine conjugate on prostate cancer stem cells. Biomaterials, 33, 1863–1872.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar