Effects of Atorvastatin and Losartan on Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Artery Remodeling in Rats

REFERENCES

• Yi ES, Kim H, Ahn H, Strother J, Morris T, Masliah E, Hansen LA, Park K, Friedman PJ. Distribution of obstructive intimal lesions and their cellular phenotypes in chronic pulmonary hypertension: a morphometric and immunohistochemical study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000;162:1577–1586.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Strauss BH, Rabinovitch M. Adventitial fibroblasts: defining a role in vessel wall remodeling. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2000;22:1–3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tuder RM, Groves B, Badesch DB, Voelkel NF. Exuberant endothelial cell growth and elements of inflammation are present in plexiform lesions of pulmonary hypertension. Am J Pathol 1994;144:275–285.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koh KK. Effects of statins on vascular wall: vasomotor function, inflammation, and plaque stability. Cardiovasc Res 2000;47:648–657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maron DJ, Fazio S, Linton MF. Current perspectives on statins. Circulation 2000; 101:207–213.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laufs U, Marra D, Node K, Liao JK. 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors attenuate vascular smooth muscle proliferation by preventing rho GTPase-induced down-regulation of p27Kip1. J Biol Chem 1999;274:21926–21931.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Indolfi C, Cioppa A, Stabile E, Di Lorenzo E, Esposito G, Pisani A, Leccia A, Cavuto L, Stinqone AM, Chieffo A, Capozzolo C, Chiariello M. Effects of hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor simvastatin on smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and neointimal formation in vivo after vascular injury. J Am Coll Cardiol.2000;35:214–221.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie L, Lin Z, Sun M, Zhou H, Wu K, Li G. Inhibitory effect of fluvastatin on the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology 2002;18:483–485.
   Google Scholar
• Lin Z, Xie L, Wu K, Xu C, Wang H. Inhibitory effect of fluvastatin on the myocardial fibrosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Natl Med J China 2000; 80:718–719.
   Google Scholar
• Lin Z, Xie L, Wu K, Wang H, Xu C. Effects of fluvastatin on structure and function of resistant vessels in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 1999;20:855–860.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xie L, Ouyang Q, Zhao H, Xie H, Zhang G. Effect of Benazepril and Fluvastatin on L-type Calcium Channel α1C Expression in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells from Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Chin J Hypertension 2008;16:1100–1104.
   Google Scholar
• Yang Y, Wu X, Chen J, Xie L. Effects of fluvastatin on endothelium dependent vasodilatation function in elder hypertensives. Chinese General Practice 2003; 6:32–34.
   Google Scholar
• Nishimura T, Faul JL, Berry GJ, Vaszar LT, Qiu D, Pearl RG, Kao PN. Simvastatin attenuates smooth muscle neointimal proliferation and pulmonary hypertension in rats. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2002;166:1403–1408.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kjeldsen SE, Devereux RB, Hille DA, Lyle PA, Dahlöf B, Julius S, Edelman JM, Snapinn SM, de Faire U, Fyhrquist F, Ibsen H, Lederballe-Pedersen O, Lindholm LH, Nieminen MS, Omvik P, Oparil S, Wedel H. Predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: the Losartan Intervention for Endpoint reduction in hypertension study. Blood Press 2009;18:348–361.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morrell NW, Higham MA, Phillips PG, Shakur BH, Robinson PJ, Beddoes RJ. Pilot study of losartan for pulmonary hypertension in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Respir Res 2005;6:88.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rondelet B, Kerbaul F, Van Beneden R, Hubloue I, Huez S, Fesler P, Remmelink M, Brimioulle S, Salmon I, Naeije R. Prevention of pulmonary vascular remodeling and of decreased BMPR-2 expression by losartan therapy in shunt-induced pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2005; 289:H2319–H2324.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aharinejad S, Schraufnagel DE, Böck P, MacKay CA, Larson EK, Miksovsky A, Marks SC Jr. Spontaneously hypertensive rats develop pulmonary hypertension and hypertrophy of pulmonary venous sphincters. Am J Pathol 1996;148:281–290.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berridge MJ. Calcium signalling and cell proliferation. Bioessays 1995;17: 491–500.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karaki H, Ozaki H, Hori M, Mitsui-Saito M, Amano KI, Harada KI, Miyamoto S, Nakazawa H, Won KJ, Sato K. Calcium movements, distribution, and functions in smooth muscle. Pharmacol Rev 1997;49:157–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDaniel SS, Platoshyn O, Wang J, Yu Y, Sweeney M, Krick S, Rubin LJ, Yuan JXJ. Capacitative Ca2++ entry in agonist-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2001;280:L870–L880.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin MJ, Leung GP, Zhang WM, Yang XR, Yip KP, Tse CM, Sham JS. Chronic hypoxia-induced upregulation of store-operated and receptor-operated Ca2++ channels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells: a novel mechanism of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension. Circ Res 2004;95:496–505.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin P, Xie X, Xie L, Xu C. Pulmonary arteriolar remodelling is prior to the increase in pulmonary arterial pressure in rats. Chin J Hypertension 2007; 15:839–843.
   Google Scholar
• Rakotoniaina Z, Guerard P, Lirussi F, Goirand F, Rochette L, Dumas M, Bardou M. The protective effect of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors against monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in the rat might not be a class effect: comparison of pravastatin and atorvastatin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2006;374:195–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Laudi S, Trump S, Schmitz V, West J, McMurtry IF, Mutlak H, Christians U, Weimann J, Kaisers U, Steudel. Serotonin transporter protein in pulmonary hypertensive rats treated with atorvastatin. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007; 293:L630–L638.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McMurtry MS, Bonnet S, Michelakis ED, Bonnet S, Haromy A, Archer SL. Statin therapy, alone or with rapamycin, does not reverse monocrotaline pulmonary arterial hypertension: the rapamcyin-atorvastatin-simvastatin study. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2007;293:L933–L940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar