Persistent lipid abnormalities in patients with hypertension and dyslipidemia treated with statins: results of the Portuguese hypertensive subpopulation of the Dyslipidemia International Study (DYSIS)

References

• Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2012;380:2197–223
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013;127:e6–245
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• deGoma EM, Knowles JW, Angeli F, et al. The evolution and refinement of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Cardiol Rev 2012;20:118–29
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Després JP. Body fat distribution and risk of cardiovascular disease: an update. Circulation 2012;126:1301–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esquirol Y, Perret B, Ruidavets JB, et al. Shift work and cardiovascular risk factors: new knowledge from the past decade. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2011;104:636–68
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Poulter N. Global risk of cardiovascular disease. Heart 2003;89:ii2–7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ATPIII Final Report. II Rationale for intervention. Circulation 2002;106:3163–223
   Google Scholar
• Onat A, Hergenç G, Sari I, et al. Dyslipidemic hypertension: distinctive features and cardiovascular risk in a prospective population-based study. Am J Hypertens 2005;18:409–16
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chamberlain DA, Tunstall-Pedoe H. Coronary artery disease: a European perspective. Eur Heart J 2002;13:54–8
   Google Scholar
• Ezzati M, Lopez AD, Rogers A, et al. Selected major risk factors and global and region burden of disease. Lancet 2002;360:1347–60
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neaton JD, Wentworth D. Serum cholesterol, blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and death from coronary heart disease. Overall findings and differences by age for 316 099 white men. Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial Research Group. Arch Intern Med 1992;152:56–64
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald TM, Morant SV. Prevalence and treatment of isolated and concurrent hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia in the United Kingdom. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008;65:775–86
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Law MR, Wald NJ, Rudnicka AR. Quantifying effect of statins on low density lipoprotein cholesterol, ischaemic heart disease, and stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2003;326:1423
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mihaylova B, Emberson J, Blackwell L, et al. The effect of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet 2012;380:581–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Turnbull F. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet 2003;362:1527–35
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sever PS, Dahlöf B, Poulter NR, et al. Prevention of coronary and stroke events with atorvastatin in hypertensive patients who have average or lower-than-average cholesterol concentrations, in the Anglo-Scandinavian Cardiac Outcomes Trial – Lipid Lowering Arm (ASCOT-LLA): a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361:1149–58
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams B, Poulter NR, Brown MJ, et al. Guidelines for management of hypertension: report of the fourth working party of the British Hypertension Society, 2004-BHS IV. J Hum Hypertens 2004;18:139–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mansia G, De Backer G, Dominiczak A, et al. ESH-ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the task force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Blood Press 2007;16:135–232
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bożentowicz-Wikarek M, Kocełak P, Smertka M, et al. Effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy with statins for secondary prevention of atherosclerosis – guidelines vs. reality. Pharmacol Rep 2012;64:377–85
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kotseva K, Wood D, De Backer G, et al. Cardiovascular prevention guidelines in daily practice: a comparison of EUROASPIRE I, II, and III surveys in eight European countries. Lancet 2009;373:929–40
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dutro MP, Gerthoffer TD, Peterson ED, et al. Treatment of hypertension and dyslipidemia or their combination among US managed-care patients. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2007;9:684–91
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Petrella RJ, Merikle E. A retrospective analysis of the prevalence and treatment of hypertension and dyslipidemia in Southwestern Ontario, Canada. Clin Ther 2008;30:1145–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leiter LA, Lundman P, da Silva PM, et al. Persistent lipid abnormalities in statin-treated patients with diabetes mellitus in Europe and Canada: results of the Dyslipidaemia International Study. Diabet Med 2011;28:1343–51
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gitt AK, Drexel H, Feely J, et al. Persistent lipid abnormalities in statin-treated patients and predictors of LDL-cholesterol goal achievement in clinical practice in Europe and Canada. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012;19:221–30
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice. European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary. Eur Heart J 2007;28:2375–414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grundy SM, Brewer HB Jr, Cleeman JI, et al. Definition of metabolic syndrome. Report of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/American Heart Association Conference on Scientific Issues Related to Definition. Circulation 2004;109:433–8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maron DJ, Fazio S, Linton MF. Current perspectives on statins. Circulation 2000;101:207–13
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): case-control study. Lancet 2004;364:937–52
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O'Donnell MJ, Xavier D, Liu L, et al. Risk factors for ischaemic and intracerebral haemorrhagic stroke in 22 countries (the INTERSTROKE study): a case-control study. Lancet 2010;376:112–23
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mancia G, Fagard R, Narkiewicz K, et al. ESH/ESC guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: the Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J 2013;34:2159–219
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olives C, Myerson R, Mokdad AH, et al. Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in United States counties, 2001–2009. PLoS One 2013;8:e60308
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grassi G, Cifkova R, Laurent S, et al. Blood pressure control and cardiovascular risk profile in hypertensive patients from central and eastern European countries: results of the BP-CARE study. Eur Heart J 2011;32:218–25
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• The Task Force for the Management of Dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). ESC/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias. Eur Heart J 2011;32:1769–818
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone NJ, Robinson J, Lichtenstein AH, et al. ACC/AHA guideline on the treatment of blood cholesterol to reduce atherosclerotic cardiovascular risk in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2013. [Epub ahead of print]. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.0000437738.63853.7a
   Google Scholar
• Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators. The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet 2012;380:581–90
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170 000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010;376:1670–81
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ALLHAT Officers and Coordinators for the ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. The antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial. Major outcomes in moderately hypercholesterolemic, hypertensive patients randomized to pravastatin vs usual care: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). JAMA 2002;288:2998–3007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Margolis KL, Davis BR, Baimbridge C, et al. Long-term follow-up of moderately hypercholesterolemic hypertensive patients following randomization to pravastatin vs usual care: the Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Treatment to Prevent Heart Attack Trial (ALLHAT-LLT). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2013;15:542–54
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bloch MJ. What does ALLHAT tell us about dyslipidemia from the hypertension specialist perspective? J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2013;15:530–1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kobayashi M, Chisaki I, Narumi K, et al. Association between risk of myopathy and cholesterol-lowering effect: a comparison of all statins. Life Sci 2008;82:969–75
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niska R, Han B. Statins for secondary cardiovascular disease prevention for older primary care patients. J Natl Med Assoc 2009;101:705–10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar