References
- Ardenkjaer-Larsen JH, Laursen I, Leunbach I, Ehnholm G, Wistrand LG, Petersson JS, . EPR and DNP properties of certain novel single electron contrast agents intended for oximetric imaging. J Magn Reson 1998;133:1–12.
- Belkin S, Mehlhorn RJ, Hideg K, Hankovsky O, Packer L. Reduction and destruction rates of nitroxide spin probes. Arch Biochem Biophys 1987;256:232–243.
- Chen KY, McLaughlin MG. Differences in the reduction kinetics of incorporated spin labels in undifferentiated and differentiated mouse neuroblastoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1985;845:189–195.
- Deguchi H, Yasukawa K, Yamasaki T, Mito F, Kinoshita Y, Naganuma T, . Nitroxides prevent exacerbation of indomethacin-induced gastric damage in adjuvant arthritis rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2011;51:1799–1805.
- Elas M, Williams BB, Parasca A, Mailer C, Pelizzari CA, Lewis MA, . Quantitative tumor oxymetric images from 4D electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI): methodology and comparison with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI. Magn Reson Med 2003;49: 682–691.
- Gallez B, Bacic G, Goda F, Jiang J, O'Hara JA, Dunn JF, . Use of nitroxides for assessing perfusion, oxygenation, and viability of tissues: in vivo EPR and MRI studies. Magn Reson Med 1996;35:97–106.
- Halpern HJ, Jaffe DR, Nguyen TD, Haraf DJ, Spencer DP, Bowman MK, . Measurement of bioreduction rates of cells with distinct responses to ionizing radiation and cisplatin. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991;1093:121–124.
- Halpern HJ, Peric M, Yu C, Barth ED, Chandramouli GV, Makinen MW, . In vivo spin-label murine pharmacodynamics using low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance imaging. Biophys J 1996;71:403–409.
- Hyodo F, Yasukawa K, Yamada K, Utsumi H. Spatially resolved time-course studies of free radical reactions with an EPRI/MRI fusion technique. Magn Reson Med 2006; 56:938–943.
- Hyodo F, Murugesan R, Matsumoto K, Hyodo E, Subramanian S, Mitchell JB, . Monitoring redox-sensitive paramagnetic contrast agent by EPRI, OMRI and MRI. J Magn Reson 2008;190:105–112.
- Ichikawa K, Sakabe E, Kuninobu K, Yamori T, Tsuruo T, Yao T, . Application of in vivo ESR/spin-probe technique to monitor tumor in vivo in mouse footpad. Antioxid Redox Signal 2007;9:1699–1707.
- Ilangovan G, Li H, Zweier JL, Krishna MC, Mitchell JB, Kuppusamy P, . In vivo measurement of regional oxygenation and imaging of redox status in RIF-1 murine tumor: effect of carbogen-breathing. Magn Reson Med 2002;48:723–730.
- Kato Y, Shimizu Y, Lin YJ, Unoura K, Utsumi H, Ogata T, . Reversible half-wave potentials of reduction processes on nitroxide radicals. Electrochim Acta 1995;40:2799–2802.
- Khramtsov VV, Caia GL, Shet K, Kesselring E, Petryakov S, Zweier JL, . Variable field proton–electron double-resonance imaging: application to pH mapping of aqueous samples. J Magn Reson 2010;202:267–273.
- Kinoshita Y, Yamada K, Yamasaki T, Mito F, Yamato M, Kosem N, . In vivo evaluation of novel nitroxyl radicals with reduction stability. Free Radic Biol Med 2010;49: 1703–1709.
- Krishna MC, Grahame DA, Samuni A, Mitchell JB, Russo A. Oxoammonium cation intermediate in the nitroxide-catalyzed dismutation of superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992;89:5537–5541.
- Krishna MC, Russo A, Mitchell JB, Goldstein S, Dafni H, Samuni A, . Do nitroxide antioxidants act as scavengers of O2−. or as SOD mimics? J Biol Chem 1996;271: 26026–26031.
- Krishna MC, Subramanian S, Kuppusamy P, Mitchell JB. Magnetic resonance imaging for in vivo assessment of tissue oxygen concentration. Semin Radiat Oncol 2001; 11:58–69.
- Krishna MC, English S, Yamada K, Yoo J, Murugesan R, Devasahayam N, . Overhauser enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for tumor oximetry: coregistration of tumor anatomy and tissue oxygen concentration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002;99:2216–2221.
- Kuppusamy P, Afeworki M, Shankar RA, Coffin D, Krishna MC, Hahn SM, . In vivo electron paramagnetic resonance imaging of tumor heterogeneity and oxygenation in a murine model. Cancer Res 1998;58:1562–1568.
- Kuppusamy P, Li H, Ilangovan G, Cardounel AJ, Zweier JL, Yamada K, . Noninvasive imaging of tumor redox status and its modification by tissue glutathione levels. Cancer Res 2002;62:307–312.
- Leonard SS, Mowrey K, Pack D, Shi X, Castranova V, Kuppusamy P, . In vivo bioassays of acute asbestosis and its correlation with ESR spectroscopy and imaging in redox status. Mol Cell Biochem 2002;234–235:369–377.
- Li H, He G, Deng Y, Kuppusamy P, Zweier JL. In vivo proton electron double resonance imaging of the distribution and clearance of nitroxide radicals in mice. Magn Reson Med 2006;55:669–675.
- Lurie DJ, Bussell DM, Bell LH, Mallard JR. Proton– electron double magnetic resonance imaging of free radical solutions. J Magn Reson 1988;76:366–370.
- Lurie DJ, Li H, Petryakov S, Zweier JL. Development of a PEDRI free-radical imager using a 0.38 T clinical MRI system. Magn Reson Med 2002;47:181–186.
- Lurie DJ, Davies GR, Foster MA, Hutchison JM. Field-cycled PEDRI imaging of free radicals with detection at 450 mT. Magn Reson Imaging 2005;23:175–181.
- Matsumoto K, Subramanian S, Murugesan R, Mitchell JB, Krishna MC. Spatially resolved biologic information from in vivo EPRI, OMRI, and MRI. Antioxid Redox Signal 2007;9:1125–1141.
- Matsumoto K, Hyodo F, Anzai K, Utsumi H, Mitchell JB, Krishna MC, . Brain redox imaging. Methods Mol Biol 2011;711:397–419.
- Matsumoto S, Yamada K, Hirata H, Yasukawa K, Hyodo F, Ichikawa K, . Advantageous application of a surface coil to EPR irradiation in overhauser-enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Med 2007;57:806–811.
- Mikuni T, He G, Petryakov S, Fallouh MM, Deng Y, Ishihara R, . In vivo detection of gastric cancer in rats by electron paramagnetic resonance imaging. Cancer Res 2004;64:6495–6502.
- Nakamura K, Bindokas VP, Kowlessur D, Elas M, Milstien S, Marks JD, . Tetrahydrobiopterin scavenges superoxide in dopaminergic neurons. J Biol Chem 2001;276: 34402–34407.
- Overhauser AW. Polarization of nuclei in metals. Phys Rev 1953;92:411–415.
- Overweg J. A prototype field-cycling Overhauser MRI scanner. ISMRM 1999;8:2212.
- Rosen GM, Finkelstein E, Rauckman EJ. A method for the detection of superoxide in biological systems. Arch Biochem Biophys 1982;215:367–378.
- Sano H, Naruse M, Matsumoto K, Oi T, Utsumi H. A new nitroxyl-probe with high retention in the brain and its application for brain imaging. Free Radic Biol Med 2000; 28:959–969.
- Sano T, Umeda F, Hashimoto T, Nawata H, Utsumi H. Oxidative stress measurement by in vivo electron spin resonance spectroscopy in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Diabetologia 1998;41:1355–1360.
- Shiba T, Yamato M, Kudo W, Watanabe T, Utsumi H, Yamada K, . In vivo imaging of mitochondrial function in methamphetamine-treated rats. NeuroImage 2011;57: 866–872.
- Swartz HM, Sentjurc M, Morse PD 2nd. Cellular metabolism of water-soluble nitroxides: effect on rate of reduction of cell/nitroxide ratio, oxygen concentrations and permeability of nitroxides. Biochim Biophys Acta 1986;888: 82–90.
- Tsai P, Porasuphatana S, Halpern HJ, Barth ED, Rosen GM. In vivo in situ detection of nitric oxide using low-frequency EPR spectroscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2002;196: 227–237.
- Ueda A, Nagase S, Yokoyama H, Tada M, Ohya H, Kamada H, . Identification by an EPR technique of decreased mitochondrial reducing activity in puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis. Free Radic Biol Med 2002;33:1082–1088.
- Utsumi H, Yamada K, Ichikawa K, Sakai K, Kinoshita Y, Matsumoto S, . Simultaneous molecular imaging of redox reactions monitored by Overhauser-enhanced MRI with 14N- and 15N-labeled nitroxyl radicals. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103:1463–1468.
- Utsumi H, Yasukawa K, Soeda T, Yamada K, Shigemi R, Yao T, . Noninvasive mapping of reactive oxygen species by in vivo electron spin resonance spectroscopy in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006; 317:228–235.
- Voest EE, van Faassen E, Marx JJ. An electron paramagnetic resonance study of the antioxidant properties of the nitroxide free radical TEMPO. Free Radic Biol Med 1993;15: 589–595.
- Wallace JL, Arfors KE, McKnight GW. A monoclonal antibody against the CD18 leukocyte adhesion molecule prevents indomethacin-induced gastric damage in the rabbit. Gastroenterology 1991;100:878–883.
- Williams BB, al Hallaq H, Chandramouli GV, Barth ED, Rivers JN, Lewis M, . Imaging spin probe distribution in the tumor of a living mouse with 250 MHz EPR: correlation with BOLD MRI. Magn Reson Med 2002;47:634–638.
- Xavier S, Yamada K, Samuni AM, Samuni A, DeGraff W, Krishna MC, . Differential protection by nitroxides and hydroxylamines to radiation-induced and metal ion-catalyzed oxidative damage. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002; 1573:109–120.
- Yamato M, Shiba T, Yamada K, Watanabe T, Utsumi H. Noninvasive assessment of the brain redox status after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion using Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2009;29:1655–1664.
- Yamato M, Shiba T, Naganuma T, Ichikawa K, Utsumi H, Yamada K, . Overhauser-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging characterization of mitochondria functional changes in the 6-hydroxydopamine rat model. Neurochem Int 2011; 59:804–811.
- Yokoyama H, Itoh O, Aoyama M, Obara H, Ohya H, Kamada H, . In vivo EPR imaging by using an acyl-protected hydroxylamine to analyze intracerebral oxidative stress in rats after epileptic seizures. Magn Reson Imaging 2000;18:875–879.
- Yoshimura T, Yokoyama H, Fujii S, Takayama F, Oikawa K, Kamada H, . In vivo EPR detection and imaging of endogenous nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-treated mice. Nat Biotechnol 1996;14(8):992–994.