Melatonin attenuated mediators of neuroinflammation and alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated rat astrocytoma cells, C6

References

• Hardeland R. Antioxidative protection by melatonin: multiplicity of mechanisms from radical detoxification to radical avoidance. Endocrine 2005;27:119–130.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reiter RJ, Tan DX, Cabrera J, D'Arpa D, Sainz RM, Mayo JC, Ramos S. The oxidant/antioxidant network: role of melatonin. Biol Signals Recept 1999;8:56–63.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reiter RJ. Melatonin: the chemical expression of darkness. Mol Cell Endocrinol 1991;79:C153–158.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Briscoe T, Duncan J, Cock M, Choo J, Rice G, Harding R, Scheerlinck JP, Rees S. Activation of NF-kappaB transcription factor in the preterm ovine brain and placenta after acute LPS exposure. J Neurosci Res 2006;83:567–574.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bracco D, Ravussin P. Neuroinflammation and infection. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2000;13:523–528.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Minagar A, Shapshak P, Fujimura R, Ownby R, Heyes M, Eisdorfer C. The role of macrophage/microglia and astrocytes in the pathogenesis of three neurologic disorders: HIV-associated dementia, Alzheimer disease, and multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2002;202:13–23.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hu X, Zhang D, Pang H, Caudle WM, Li Y, Gao H, . Macrophage antigen complex-1 mediates reactive microgliosis and progressive dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson's disease. J Immunol 2008;181:7194–7204.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Chi ZL, Hayasaka S, Zhang XY, Cui HS, Hayasaka Y. A cholinergic agonist attenuates endotoxin-induced uveitis in rats. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48:2719–2725.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yu WF, Guan ZZ, Bogdanovic N, Nordberg A. High selective expression of alpha7 nicotinic receptors on astrocytes in the brains of patients with sporadic Alzheimer's disease and patients carrying Swedish APP 670/671 mutation: a possible association with neuritic plaques. Exp Neurol 2005;192:215–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niranjan R, Kamat PK, Nath C, Shukla R. Evaluation of guggulipid and nimesulide on production of inflammatory mediators and GFAP expression in LPS stimulated rat astrocytoma, cell line (C6). J Ethnopharmacol 2010;127:625–630.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez J, Sanchez T, Moreno JJ. Regulation of prostaglandin E2 production by the superoxide radical and nitric oxide in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Free Radic Res 2000;32:303–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niranjan R, Nath C, Shukla R. The mechanism of action of MPTP-induced neuroinflammation and its modulation by melatonin in rat astrocytoma cells, C6. Free Radic Res 2010;44:1304–1316.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peng GS, Li G, Tzeng NS, Chen PS, Chuang DM, Hsu YD, Yang S, Hong JS. Valproate pretreatment protects dopaminergic neurons from LPS-induced neurotoxicity in rat primary midbrain cultures: role of microglia. Brain Res Mol Brain Res 2005;134:162–169.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colado MI, O'Shea E, Granados R, Misra A, Murray TK, Green AR. A study of the neurotoxic effect of MDMA (‘ecstasy’) on 5-HT neurones in the brains of mothers and neonates following administration of the drug during pregnancy. Br J Pharmacol 1997;121:827–833.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anderson ME, Greenwald RA. Handbook of methods for oxygen radical research. CRC Press 1985;27:217–220.
   Google Scholar
• Grynkiewicz G, Poenie M, Tsien RY. A new generation of Ca2+ indicators with greatly improved fluorescence properties. J Biol Chem 1985;260:3440–3450.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Niranjan R, Nath C, Shukla R. Guggulipid and nimesulide differentially regulated inflammatory genes mRNA expressions via inhibition of NF-κB and CHOP activation in LPS-stimulated rat astrocytoma cells, C6. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2011;31:755–64.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Randall RJ. Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem 1951;193:265–275.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eikelenboom P, Veerhuis R, Familian A, Hoozemans JJ, van Gool WA, Rozemuller AJ. Neuroinflammation in plaque and vascular beta-amyloid disorders: clinical and therapeutic implications. Neurodegener Dis 2008;5:190–193.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rogers J. The inflammatory response in Alzheimer's disease. J Periodontol 2008;79:1535–1543.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Rojo LE, Fernandez JA, Maccioni AA, Jimenez JM, Maccioni RB. Neuroinflammation: implications for the pathogenesis and molecular diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Arch Med Res 2008;39:1–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hauss-Wegrzyniak B, Dobrzanski P, Stoehr JD, Wenk GL. Chronic neuroinflammation in rats reproduces components of the neurobiology of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 1998;780: 294–303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu Y, Walter S, Stagi M, Cherny D, Letiembre M, Schulz-Schaeffer W, . LPS receptor (CD14): a receptor for phagocytosis of Alzheimer's amyloid peptide. Brain 2005;128: 1778–1789.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sheng JG, Bora SH, Xu G, Borchelt DR, Price DL, Koliatsos VE. Lipopolysaccharide-induced-neuroinflammation increases intracellular accumulation of amyloid precursor protein and amyloid beta peptide in APPswe transgenic mice. Neurobiol Dis 2003;14:133–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qiao X, Cummins DJ, Paul SM. Neuroinflammation-induced acceleration of amyloid deposition in the APPV717F transgenic mouse. Eur J Neurosci 2001;14:474–482.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muramatsu Y, Kurosaki R, Watanabe H, Michimata M, Matsubara M, Imai Y, Araki T. Expression of S-100 protein is related to neuronal damage in MPTP-treated mice. Glia 2003;42:307–313.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Alexiuk NA, Vriend J. Melatonin: effects on dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons of the caudate nucleus of the striatum of male Syrian hamsters. J Neural Transm 2007;114:549–554.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Drechsel DA, Patel M. Role of reactive oxygen species in the neurotoxicity of environmental agents implicated in Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2008;44:1873–1886.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson KA, Stewart CA, Pye QN, Nguyen X, Kenney L, Salzman S, Floyd RA, Hensley K. Redox-sensitive protein phosphatase activity regulates the phosphorylation state of p38 protein kinase in primary astrocyte culture. J Neurosci Res 1999;55:724–732.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• van Muiswinkel FL, Kuiperij HB. The Nrf2-ARE Signalling pathway: promising drug target to combat oxidative stress in neurodegenerative disorders. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 2005;4:267–281.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Quiroz Y, Ferrebuz A, Romero F, Vaziri ND, Rodriguez-Iturbe B. Melatonin ameliorates oxidative stress, inflammation, proteinuria, and progression of renal damage in rats with renal mass reduction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2008;294: F336–344.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bezprozvanny I. Calcium signaling and neurodegenerative diseases. Trends Mol Med 2009;15:89–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Craft JM, Watterson DM, Hirsch E, Van Eldik LJ. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist knockout mice show enhanced microglial activation and neuronal damage induced by intracerebroventricular infusion of human beta-amyloid. J Neuroinflammation 2005;2:2–15.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Iuvone T, Esposito G, De Filippis D, Bisogno T, Petrosino S, Scuderi C, Di Marzo V, Steardo L. Cannabinoid CB1 receptor stimulation affords neuroprotection in MPTP-induced neurotoxicity by attenuating S100B up-regulation in vitro. J Mol Med (Berl) 2007;85:1379–1392.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Blandini F, Bazzini E, Marino F, Saporiti F, Armentero MT, Pacchetti C, . Calcium homeostasis is dysregulated in parkinsonian patients with L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias. Clin Neuropharmacol 2009;32:133–139.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Parish CL, Finkelstein DI, Tripanichkul W, Satoskar AR, Drago J, Horne MK. The role of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and glia in inducing growth of neuronal terminal arbors in mice. J Neurosci 2002;22:8034–8041.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lohrer P, Gloddek J, Nagashima AC, Korali Z, Hopfner U, Pereda MP, . Lipopolysaccharide directly stimulates the intrapituitary interleukin-6 production by folliculostellate cells via specific receptors and the p38alpha mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-kappaB pathway. Endocrinology 2000;141:4457–4465.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Norris JG, Tang LP, Sparacio SM, Benveniste EN. Signal transduction pathways mediating astrocyte IL-6 induction by IL-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. J Immunol 1994; 152:841–850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sparkman NL, Buchanan JB, Heyen JR, Chen J, Beverly JL, Johnson RW. Interleukin-6 facilitates lipopolysaccharide-induced disruption in working memory and expression of other proinflammatory cytokines in hippocampal neuronal cell layers. J Neurosci 2006;26:10709–10716.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oh JW, Van Wagoner NJ, Rose-John S, Benveniste EN. Role of IL-6 and the soluble IL-6 receptor in inhibition of VCAM-1 gene expression. J Immunol 1998;161:4992–4999.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaftel SS, Kyrkanides S, Olschowka JA, Miller JN, Johnson RE, O'Banion MK. Sustained hippocampal IL-1 beta overexpression mediates chronic neuroinflammation and ameliorates Alzheimer plaque pathology. J Clin Invest 2007;117: 1595–1604.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De la Rocha N, Rotelli A, Aguilar CF, Pelzer L. Structural basis of the anti-inflammatory activity of melatonin. Arzneimittelforschung 2007;57:782–786.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Karunakaran S, Ravindranath V. Activation of p38 MAPK in the substantia nigra leads to nuclear translocation of NF- kappaB in MPTP-treated mice: implication in Parkinson's disease. J Neurochem 2009;109:1791–1799.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gilad E, Wong HR. Melatonin inhibits expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase in murine macrophages: role of inhibition of NFkappaB activation. FASEB J 1998;12: 685–693.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmitt-Ney M, Habener JF. CHOP/GADD153 gene expression response to cellular stresses inhibited by prior exposure to ultraviolet light wavelength band C (UVC) Inhibitory sequence mediating the UVC response localized to exon1. J Biol Chem 2000;275:40839–40845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Silva RM, Ries V, Oo TF, Yarygina O, Jackson-Lewis V, Ryu EJ. CHOP/GADD153 is a mediator of apoptotic death in substantia nigra dopamine neurons in an in vivo neurotoxin model of parkinsonism. J Neurochem 2005;95:974–986.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liberatore GT, Jackson-Lewis V, Vukosavic S, Mandir AS, Vila M, McAuliffe WG, . Inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson disease. Nat Med 1999;5:1403–1409.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Esposito E, Iacono A, Muia C, Crisafulli C, Mattace Raso G, Bramanti P, Meli R, Cuzzocrea S. Signal transduction pathways involved in protective effects of melatonin in C6 glioma cells. J Pineal Res 2008;44:78–87.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oktem G, Uslu S, Vatansever SH, Aktug H, Yurtseven ME, Uysal A. Evaluation of the relationship between inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity and effects of melatonin in experimental osteoporosis in the rat. Surg Radiol Anat 2006;28:157–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teismann P, Vila M, Choi DK, Tieu K, Wu DC, Jackson-Lewis V, Przedborski S. COX-2 and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 2003;991:272–277.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nogawa S, Zhang F, Ross ME, Iadecola C. Cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene expression in neurons contributes to ischemic brain damage. J Neurosci 1997;17:2746–2755.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capitelli C, Sereniki A, Lima MM, Reksidler AB, Tufik S, Vital MA. Melatonin attenuates tyrosine hydroxylase loss and hypolocomotion in MPTP-lesioned rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2008;594:101–108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eng LF, Ghirnikar RS, Lee YL. Glial fibrillary acidic protein: GFAP-thirty-one years (1969–2000). Neurochem Res 2000; 25:1439–1451.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Conejero-Goldberg C, Davies P, Ulloa L. Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: a link between inflammation and neurodegeneration. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2008;32:693–706.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Henry CJ, Huang Y, Wynne A, Hanke M, Himler J, Bailey MT, Sheridan JF, Godbout JP. Minocycline attenuates lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation, sickness behavior, and anhedonia. J Neuroinflammation 2008;13:5–15.
   Google Scholar