“Adderall is Definitely Not a Drug”: Justifications for the Illegal Use of ADHD Stimulants

REFERENCES

• Babcock, Q., Byrne, T. (2000). Student perceptions of methylphenidate abuse at a public liberal arts college. Journal of American College Health, 49:143–145.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bormann, E. (1983). The force of fantasy: restoring the American dream. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Cantwell, D. P. (1985). Hyperactive children have grown up. Archives of General Psychiatry, 42:1026–1028.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2005). Mental Health in the United States: Prevalence of diagnosis and medication treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder—United States, 2003. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 54:842–847.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• DeSantis, A. D. (2002). Smoke screen: an ethnographic study of a cigar shop's collective rationalization. Health Communication, 14:167–198.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeSantis, A. D., Morgan, S. E. (2003). Sometimes a cigar [magazine] is more than just a cigar [magazine]: pro-smoking arguments in Cigar Aficionado, 1992–2000. Health Communication, 15:457–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeSantis, A. D., Webb, E., Noar, S. (2008). Illicit use of prescription ADHD medications among college students: a multi-methodological approach. Journal of American College Health, 57(3):315–323.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Drug Information. (2008). Drug information: dextroamphetamine and amphetamine. Retrieved February 4, 2008, from http://www.utdol.com.
   Google Scholar
• Hall, K. M., Irwin, M. M., Bowman, K. A., Frakenberger, W., Jewett, D. C. (2005). Journal of American College Health, 53:167–174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Low, K. G., Gendaszek, A. E. (2002). Illicit use of psychostimulants among college students: a preliminary study. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 7:283–287.
   Google Scholar
• Mannuzza, S., Klein, R. G., Bonagura, N., Malloy, P., Giampino, T. L., Addalli, K. A. (1991). Hyperactive boys almost grown up: V. replication of psychiatric status. Archives of General Psychiatry, 48:77–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., Knight, J. R., Teter, C. J., Wechsler, H. (2005). Non-medical use of prescription stimulants among US college students: prevalence and correlates from a national survey. Addiction, 99:96–106.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., Teter, C. J., Boyd, C. J. (2004). The use, misuse, and diversion of prescription stimulants among middle and high school students. Substance Use and Misuse, 39:1095–1116.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCabe, S. E., Teter, C. J., Boyd, C. J. (2006). Medical use, illicit use, and diversion of abusable prescription drugs. Journal of American College Health, 54:269–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Okie, S. (2006). ADHD in adults. New England Journal of Medicine, 354:2637–2641.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olfson, M., Marcus, S. C., Druss, B., Pincus, H. A. (2002). National trends in the use of outpatient psychotherapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159:1914–1920.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson, L. M., Sclar, D. A., Skaer, T. L., Galin, R. S. (1999). National trends in the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the prescribing of methylphenidate among school-age children. Clinical Pediatrics, 38:209–217.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rushton, J. L., Whitmire, J. T. (2001). Pediatric stimulant and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor trends: 1992–1998. Archives of Pediatric Medicine, 155:560–565.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safer, D. J., Zito, J. M., Fine, E. M (1996). Increased methyphenidate usage for attention deficit disorder in the 1990's. Pediatrics, 98:1084–1088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shillington, A. M., Reed, M. B., Lange, J. E., Clapp, J. D., Henry. S. (2006). College undergraduate Ritalin abusers in southwestern California: protective and risk factors. Journal of Drug Issues, 36(4):999–1014.
   Google Scholar
• Teter, C. J., McCabe, S. E., Cranford, J. A., Boyd, C. J., Guthrie, S. K. (2005). Prevalence and motives for illicit use of prescription stimulants in an undergraduate student sample. Journal of American College Health, 53(6):253–262.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teter, C. J., McCabe, S. E., LaGrange, K., Cranford, J. A., Boyd, C. J. (2006). Illicit use of specific prescription stimulants among college students: prevalence, motives, and routes of administration. Pharmacotherapy, 26:1501–1510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vollmer, S. (1998). ADHD: it's not just in children. Family Practice Recertification, 20:45–68.
   Google Scholar
• Wender, P. H. (1995). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adults. New York: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• White, B. P., Becker-Blease, K. A., Grace-Bishop, K. (2006). Stimulant medication use, misuse, and abuse in an undergraduate sample and graduate student sample. Journal of American College Health, 54:261–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodworth, T. (2000). DEA congressional testimony. Committee on Education and the Workforce: subcommittee on Early Childhood, Youth and Families. Retrieved June 21, 2007, from http://www.dea.gov/pubs/cngrtest/ct051600.Htm.
   Google Scholar