1,216
Views
20
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Prescription Psychostimulant Use Among Young Adults: A Narrative Review of Qualitative Studies

&

References

  • Aikins, R. D. ( 2011). Academic performance enhancement: a qualitative study of the perceptions and habits of prescription stimulant–using college students. Journal of College Student Development, 52(5), 560–576. doi:10.1353/csd.2011.0064
  • Allan, R. ( 1998). Alcoholism, drug abuse and lawyers: Are we ready to address the denial. Creighton Law Review, 31, 265–276.
  • Becker, H. S. ( 1966). Outsiders: Studies in the sociology of deviance. New York, NY: The Free Press.
  • Boeri, M. ( 2013). Women on ice: Methamphetamine use among suburban women. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
  • Cakic, V. ( 2009). Smart drugs for cognitive enhancement: ethical and pragmatic considerations in the era of cosmetic neurology. Journal of Medical Ethics, 35(10), 611–615. doi:10.1136/jme.2009.030882
  • Collin, J. ( 2016). On social plasticity: The transformative power of pharmaceutical medications on health, nature and identity. Sociology of Health & Illness, 38, 73–89.
  • Collin, J., & Otero, M. ( 2015). Resistance and mutations of non-specificity in the field of anxiety-depressive disorders in Canadian medical journals, 1950–1990. Social Science & Medicine, 131, 228–238. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.008
  • Collin, J., Simard, J., & Collin-Desrosiers, H. ( 2012). Between smart drugs and antidepressants: A cultural analysis of pharmaceutical drug use among university students. Salute e Società, 11(2), 29–35.
  • Cutler, K. A. ( 2014). Prescription stimulants are “A okay”: Applying neutralization theory to college students' nonmedical prescription stimulant use. Journal of American College Health, 62(7), 478–486. doi:10.1080/07448481.2014.929578
  • de Souza, R. ( 2015). “I've thought about this, trust me”: Understanding the values and assumptions underlying prescription stimulant misuse among college students. International Journal of Communication, 9, 1187–1205.
  • Demant, J. ( 2009). When alcohol acts: an actor-network approach to teenagers, alcohol and parties. Body & Society, 15(1), 25–46. doi:10.1177/1357034´08100145
  • DeSantis, A., Noar, S. M., & Webb, E. M. ( 2010). Speeding through the frat house: A qualitative exploration of nonmedical ADHD stimulant use in fraternities. Journal of Drug Education, 40(2), 157–171. doi:10.2190/DE.40.2.d
  • DeSantis, A. D., Webb, E. M., & Noar, S. M. ( 2008). Illicit use of prescription ADHD medications on a college campus: a multimethodological approach. Journal of American College Health, 57(3), 315–324. doi:10.3200/JACH.57.3.315-324
  • Diller, L. ( 2011). Remembering ritalin: A doctor and generation Rx reflect on life and psychiatric drugs. New York, NY: Penguin.
  • Diller, L. H. ( 1996). The run on ritalin: Attention deficit disorder and stimulant treatment in the 1990s. The Hastings Center Report, 26(2), 12–18.
  • Duff, C. ( 2011). Reassembling (social) contexts: New directions for a sociology of drugs. International Journal of Drug Policy, 22(6), 404–406. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2011.09.005
  • Duff, C. ( 2013). The social life of drugs. International Journal of Drug Policy, 24(3), 167–172. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2012.12.009
  • Eade, V. H. ( 1993). Drug abuse in the hospitality industry. Hospitality Review, 11(2), 81–86.
  • Ehrenberg, A. ( 2011). Le culte de la performance. Paris, France: Fayard/Pluriel.
  • ExpressScripts. ( 2014). Turning attention to ADHD. Retrieved from http://lab.express-scripts.com/insights/industry-updates/report-turning-attention-to-adhd
  • Forlini, C., & Racine, E. ( 2009). Autonomy and coercion in academic “cognitive enhancement” using methylphenidate: Perspectives of key stakeholders. Neuroethics, 2(3), 163–177. doi:10.1007/s12152-009-9043-y
  • Garnier-Dykstra, L. M., Caldeira, K. M., Vincent, K. B., O'Grady, K. E., & Arria, A. M. ( 2012). Nonmedical use of prescription stimulants during college: four-comment trends in exposure opportunity, use, motives, and sources. Journal of American College Health, 60(3), 226–234. doi:10.1080/07448481.2011.589876
  • Green, R., & Moore, D. ( 2009). ‘Kiddie drugs’ and controlled pleasure: Recreational use of dexamphetamine in a social network of young Australians. International Journal of Drug Policy, 20(5), 402–408. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2008.12.002
  • Grinspoon, L., & Hedblom, P. ( 1975). The speed culture: Amphetamine use and abuse in America. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
  • Hildt, E., Lieb, K., & Franke, A. G. ( 2014). Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students - a qualitative approach. BMC Medical Ethics, 15. doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-23
  • Hinshaw, S. P., & Scheffler, R. M. ( 2014). The ADHD explosion: Myths, medication, money, and today's push for performance. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Judson, R., & Langdon, S. W. ( 2009). Illicit use of prescription stimulants among college students: prescription status, motives, theory of planned behaviour, knowledge and self-diagnostic tendencies. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 14(1), 97–104. doi:10.1080/13548500802126723
  • Kaye, S., & Darke, S. ( 2012). The diversion and misuse of pharmaceutical stimulants: what do we know and why should we care? Addiction, 107(3), 467–477. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03720.x
  • Keane, H. ( 2013). Making smokers different with nicotine: NRT and quitting. International Journal of Drug Policy, 24(3), 189–195. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2013.01.011
  • Kerley, K. R., Copes, H., & Griffin, O. H., III. ( 2015). Middle-class motives for non-medical prescription stimulant use among college students. Deviant Behavior, 36(7), 589–603. doi:10.1080/01639625.2014.951573
  • Kovshoff, H., Williams, S., Vrijens, M., Danckaerts, M., Thompson, M., Yardley, L., … Sonuga-Barke, E. J. ( 2012). The decisions regarding ADHD management (DRAMa) study: uncertainties and complexities in assessment, diagnosis and treatment, from the clinician's point of view. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 21(2), 87–99. doi:10.1007/s00787-011-0235-8
  • Latour, B. ( 2005). Reassembling the social: An introduction to actor-network theory. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Law, J. ( 1992). Notes on the theory of the actor-network: Ordering, strategy, and heterogeneity. Systems Practice, 5(4), 379–393. doi:10.1007/BF01059830
  • Levinson, J., & McKinney, K. A. ( 2013). Consuming an edge: ADHD, stimulant use, and psy culture at the corporate university. Transcultural Psychiatry, 50(3), 371–396. doi:10.1177/1363461513490720
  • Lewis, C. L. ( 1969). Doubt about amphetamines. The New England Journal of Medicine, 281(24), 1372. doi:10.1056/NEJM196912112812427
  • Leyton, V., Sinagawa, D. M., Oliveira, K. C., Schmitz, W., Andreuccetti, G., De Martinis, B. S., … Munoz, D. R. ( 2012). Amphetamine, cocaine and cannabinoids use among truck drivers on the roads in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Forensic Science International, 215(1–3), 25–27. doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2011.03.032
  • Loe, M., & Cuttino, L. ( 2008). Grappling with the medicated self: The case of ADHD college students. Symbolic Interaction, 31(3), 303–323. doi:10.1525/si.2008.31.3.303
  • Mannon, J. M. ( 1997). Measuring up: The performance ethic in American culture. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
  • Martin, J. ( 2006). United S tates prescription drug crisis. Journal of Legal Medicine, 27(4), 477–492. doi:10.1080/01947640601021105
  • McCabe, S. E., West, B. T., Teter, C. J., & Boyd, C. J. ( 2014). Trends in medical use, diversion, and nonmedical use of prescription medications among college students from 2003 to 2013: Connecting the dots. Addictive Behaviors, 39(7), 1176–1182. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.03.008
  • McCabe, S. E., West, B. T., Veliz, P., Frank, K. A., & Boyd, C. J. ( 2014). Social contexts of substance use among US high school seniors: A multicohort national study. Journal of Adolescent Health, 55(6), 842–844. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.017
  • McKinney, K. A., & Greenfield, B. G. ( 2010). Self-compliance at ‘Prozac campus’. Anthropology & Medicine, 17(2), 173–185. doi:10.1080/13648470.2010.493604
  • Merlo, L. J., Singhakant, S., Cummings, S. M., & Cottler, L. B. ( 2013). Reasons for misuse of prescription medication among physicians undergoing monitoring by a physician health program. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 7(5), 349–353. doi:10.1097/ADM.0b013e31829da074
  • Merlo, L. J., Trejo-Lopez, J., Conwell, T., & Rivenbark, J. ( 2013). Patterns of substance use initiation among healthcare professionals in recovery. The American Journal on Addictions, 22(6), 605–612. doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12017.x
  • Mohamed, A. D. ( 2014). Neuroethical issues in pharmacological cognitive enhancement. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Cognitive Science, 5(5), 533–549. doi:10.1002/wcs.1306
  • Moore, D. ( 2004). Drugalities: The generative capabilities of criminalized ‘drugs’. International Journal of Drug Policy, 15(5–6), 419–426. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2004.06.008
  • Mui, H. Z., Sales, P., & Murphy, S. ( 2014). Everybody's doing it: Initiation to prescription drug misuse. Journal of Drug Issues, 44(3), 236–253. doi:10.1177/0022042613497935
  • Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP). ( 2011). Epidemic: Responding to America's prescription drug abuse crisis. Retrieved from https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/ondcp/policy-and-research/rx_abuse_plan.pdf
  • Outram, S. ( 2012). Ethical considerations in the framing of the cognitive enhancement debate. Neuroethics, 5(2), 173–184. doi:10.1007/s12152-011-9131-7
  • Partridge, B., Bell, S., Lucke, J., & Hall, W. ( 2013). Australian university students' attitudes towards the use of prescription stimulants as cognitive enhancers: Perceived patterns of use, efficacy and safety. Drug and Alcohol Review, 32(3), 295–302. doi:10.1111/dar.12005
  • Persson, A. ( 2004). Incorporating pharmakon: HIV, medicine, and body shape change. Body & Society, 10(4), 45–67. doi:10.1177/1357034´04047855
  • Petersen, M. A., Nørgaard, L. S., & Traulsen, J. M. ( 2014). Going to the doctor with enhancement in mind-An ethnographic study of university students' use of prescription stimulants and their moral ambivalence. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy (22), 207–207. doi:10.3109/09687637.2014.970517
  • Polanczyk, G. V., Willcutt, E. G., Salum, G. A., Kieling, C., & Rohde, L. A. ( 2014). ADHD prevalence estimates across three decades: an updated systematic review and meta-regression analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology, 43(2), 434–442. doi:10.1093/ije/dyt261
  • Pulver, A., Davison, C., & Pickett, W. ( 2014). Recreational use of prescription medications among Canadian young people: Identifying disparities. Canadian Journal of Public Health-Revue Canadienne De Sante Publique, 105(2), E121–E126.
  • Quintero, G. ( 2009). Controlled release: A cultural analysis of collegiate polydrug. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 41(1), 39–47.
  • Quintero, G. ( 2012). Problematizing “drugs”: A cultural assessment of recreational pharmaceutical use among young adults in the United States. Contemporary Drug Problems, 39, 493–535.
  • Quintero, G., Peterson, J., & Young, B. ( 2006). An exploratory study of socio-cultural factors contributing to prescription drug misuse among college students. Journal of Drug Issues, 36(4), 903–931. doi:10.1177/002204260603600407
  • Rafalovich, A. ( 2005). Exploring clinician uncertainty in the diagnosis and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Sociology of Health & Illnness, 27(3), 305–323. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2005.00444.x
  • Rasmussen, N. ( 2008a). America's first amphetamine epidemic 1929-1971: A quantitative and qualitative retrospective with implications for the present. American Journal of Public Health, 98(6), 974–985. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.110593
  • Rasmussen, N. ( 2008b). On speed: The many lives of amphetamine. New York, NY: New York University Press.
  • Reinarman, C. ( 2012). Beyond deviance and disease: Drug users as subjects at the institute for scientific analysis. Drugs: Education, Prevention and Policy, 19(6), 436–441. doi:10.3109/09687637.2012.706758
  • Rockwell, D. A., & Ostwald, P. ( 1968). Amphetamine use and abuse in psychiatric patients. Archives of General Psychiatry, 18(5), 612–616. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1968.01740050100017
  • Rose, N. ( 2007). The politics of life itself: Biomedicine, power, and subjectivity in the twenty-first century. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
  • Sahakian, B. J., & Morein-Zamir, S. ( 2011). Neuroethical issues in cognitive enhancement. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 25(2), 197–204. doi:10.1177/0269881109106926
  • Sansone, R. A., & Sansone, L. A. ( 2011). Faking attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Innovations in clinical neuroscience. Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience, 8(8), 10–13.
  • Sattler, S., Forlini, C., Racine, E., & Sauer, C. ( 2013). Impact of contextual factors and substance characteristics on perspectives toward cognitive enhancement. Plos One, 8(8). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071452
  • Sattler, S., Mehlkop, G., Graeff, P., & Sauer, C. ( 2014). Evaluating the drivers of and obstacles to the willingness to use cognitive enhancement drugs: the influence of drug characteristics, social environment, and personal characteristics. Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy, 9. doi:10.1186/1747-597x-9-8
  • Sembower, M. A., Ertischek, M. D., Buchholtz, C., Dasgupta, N., & Schnoll, S. H. ( 2013). Surveillance of diversion and nonmedical use of extended-release prescription amphetamine and oral methylphenidate in the United States. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 32(1), 26–38. doi:10.1080/10550887.2012.759880
  • Smith, M. E., & Farah, M. J. ( 2011). Are prescription stimulants “smart pills”? The epidemiology and cognitive neuroscience of prescription stimulant use by normal healthy individuals. Psychological Bulletin, 137(5), 717–741. doi:10.1037/a0023825
  • Storr, C. L., Trinkoff, A. M., & Anthony, J. C. ( 1999). Job strain and non-medical drug use. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 55(1–2), 45–51.
  • Thoer, C., & Robitaille, M. ( 2011). Use of prescription stimulants to enhance performance: Discourses and practices among young adults in Quebec. Drogues, Sante et Societe, 10(2), 143–183.
  • Ulan, S., Davison, C., & Perron, M. ( 2013). First do no harm: Responding to Canada's prescription drug crisis. Ottawa, Canada: Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse. Retrieved from http://www.ccsa.ca/resource%20library/canada-strategy-prescription-drug-misuse-report-en.pdf
  • Underhill, B., & Langdon, S. ( 2013). Licit and illicit use of prescription psychostimulants in upperclassmen and alumni. Journal of Alcohol and Drug Education, 57(2), 7–26.
  • United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). ( 2011, September). The non-medical use of prescription drugs: Policy direction issues. Vienna, Austria: United Nations.
  • Varga, M. D. ( 2012). Adderall abuse on college campuses: a comprehensive literature review. Journal of Evidence-based Social Work, 9(3), 293–313. doi:10.1080/15433714.2010.525402
  • Visser, S. N., Danielson, M. L., Bitsko, R. H., Holbrook, J. R., Kogan, M. D., Ghandour, R. M., … Blumberg, S. J. ( 2014). Trends in the parent-report of health care provider-diagnosed and medicated attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder: United States, 2003–2011. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 53(1), 34–46 e32. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2013.09.001
  • Vo, K., Neafsey, P. J., & Lin, C. A. ( 2015). Concurrent use of amphetamine stimulants and antidepressants by undergraduate students. Patient Preference and Adherence, 9. doi:10.2147/ppa.s74602
  • Vrecko, S. ( 2013). Just how cognitive is “Cognitive enhancement”? On the significance of emotions in university students' experiences with study drugs. AJOB Neuroscience, 4(1), 4–12. doi:10.1080/21507740.2012.740141
  • Vrecko, S. ( 2015). Everyday drug diversions: A qualitative study of the illicit exchange and non-medical use of prescription stimulants on a university campus. Social Science & Medicine, 131, 297–304. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.016
  • Williams, S. J., Martin, P., & Gabe, J. ( 2011). The pharmaceuticalisation of society? A framework for analysis. Sociology of Health & Illness, 33(5), 710–725. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9566.2011.01320.x

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.